Abstract
<p><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans </em>(<em>Aa</em>) serotype b JP2 clone is a highly virulent strain, considered as a major etiologic agent in aggressive periodontitis in patients of African descent, such as Moroccan adolescents. Antibiotics have been and continue to be the only effective treatment of periodontal infections caused by this periodontal bacterium. However, today there is enough scientific evidence on the existence of an increased resistance of oral bacteria to antibiotics. Therefore, the search for new natural agents, that are safe and effective, such "essential oils," has become a necessity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> antibacterial activities of three selected essential oils from Moroccan aromatic medicinal plants (<em>Origanum compactum</em>, <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> and <em>Cymbopogon martinii</em>) against clinical Moroccan isolate of <em>Aa </em>JP2 strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated using agar well diffusion method, then measured using broth microdilution method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the selected essential oils exhibited significant antibacterial activity on the highly pathogenic JP2 strain of <em>Aa</em>. Essential oil of <em>Origanum compactum</em> was found to be the most effective with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.03% (v/v) and a minimum bactericidal concentration value (MBC) of 0.07%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings indicate the possibility of exploiting these essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents in treatment of aggressive periodontitis associated to this pathogen.</p>
Highlights
The oral species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a period onto pathogen, known as strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis, severe periodontal diseases which lead to rapid destruction of supporting tissues of teeth in young adults [1,2,3]
The present findings indicate the possibility of exploiting these essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents in treatment of aggressive periodontitis associated to this pathogen
The chemical analyses showed that the major constituents of essential oils tested were as follow: γ-terpinene (25.11%), Carvacrol (22.29%), Thymol (19.21 %), p-cymene (18.68 %) for Origanum compactum, Thymol (42.01%), P-Cymene (14.34%), γ-Terpinene (12.04%), Carvacrol (5.07%) for Thymus vulgaris, Geraniol 84,12%, Geranyl acetate (6,67%) for Cymbopogon martinii
Summary
The oral species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a period onto pathogen, known as strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis, severe periodontal diseases which lead to rapid destruction of supporting tissues of teeth in young adults [1,2,3]. Serotype b strain with a 530-bp deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin operon is designated as JP2 clone This particular strain was found to be strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis in patients of African descent such as Moroccan adolescents [7]. The use of natural products such as essential oils, to overcome antibacterial resistances [9] and side effects of synthetic drugs, could be a good alternative as a new adjunctive treatment against this periopathogen. These last decades, trials have shown the benefits of natural products on oral health and oral pathogens [10, 11]. We selected 3 Moroccan essential oils from Origanum compactum, Thymus vulgaris and Cymbopogon martinii, well known for their use in folk medicine and their antimicrobial effect on various extra oral bacteria and fungus [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19], in order to evaluate their antibacterial activities against the highly pathogenic JP2 strain of Aa
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