Orientation Test Research Articles

Spelling Bee Games to Increase Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at the Islamic-Affiliated Middle Schools: An Action Research

Spelling bee game can be considered as a method to teach vocabulary mastery for junior high school using a game. The students not only memorize the words abut also can spell and pronounce them correctly. There are problems faced by the students particularly the seventh grade students of this research location such as the difficulty to understand the form of English words and to pronounce them. The objective of this research was to solve those problems in order to increase the students’ mastery of vocabulary by applying spelling bee game. The research method used was a classroom action research by fulfilling planning, acting, observing, and reflecting in each cycle. It was accomplished in two cycles since the determined achievement was not obtained in the first cycle. The subject involved was 35 students of grade seventh. Qualitative data were gathered by administering interview, observation, and questionnaire while quantitative data were obtained from students’ vocabulary mean score. The qualitative data analysis from questionnaire showed that there was increasing of positive responses (23.97%) while observation and interview showed that the students were more motivated in engaging the teaching-learning process through spelling bee game. The quantitative data analysis showed that there was increasing on students’ vocabulary mastery seen from the increasing of mean score from 25.07% in orientation test to 88.57% in post-test cycle II. There were 31 students in post-test cycle II passed the criteria. Thus, the criteria of success were achieved. It can be concluded that using spelling bee game can be an alternative method to increase the vocabulary mastery in an enjoyable and fun atmosphere.

Responses of ChatGPT to 15 political orientation tests

Responses of ChatGPT to 15 political orientation tests

MEMS co-vibration combined hydrophone

This paper proposes a MEMS co-vibration combined hydrophone (CCH) to position the weak acoustic source of small-volume UUV acoustic self-guided cabins. With an external diameter of 36 mm, it adopts the MEMS triaxial accelerometer to form the vector channel and the MEMS capacitive omnidirectional microphone to form the scalar channel. This paper first analyzes the acoustic receiving model of an elastic-free sphere in water, designs a MEMS co-vibration combined hydrophone packaging and then simulates its acoustic performance. The average density of the encapsulated CCH is 1.01 g/cm3. The vector channel bandwidth is 20 Hz−1,000 Hz, and the sensitivity is −173 dB @ 1 kHz (re 1 V/ μPa) with good cosine directivity. The scalar channel sensitivity is −171 dB @ 1 kHz (re 1 V/ μPa) with omnidirectional directivity. The error of the orientation test in the standing wave tube is less than 1 degree. The sound source-level test results are mostly consistent with the theoretical calculation based on the actual distance. The above results indicate that the hydrophone can be mounted to UUV to perform sound source detection, which can meet the need for precise positioning, and has a specific application value.

Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis

IntroductionDepression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive.ObjectiveThe present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory — BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs.ResultsScores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression.ConclusionDepression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.

Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Optimism and Positive Affect in Older Women

Psychological well-being is linked to healthy aging in older women, but associations with health behaviors are not well understood. Our study aims to evaluate the relationships between objectively-measured physical behavior (including physical activity and sedentary behavior) with optimism and positive affect in a diverse sample of older women. Our cross-sectional study of 4168 American women (aged 63–99) with accelerometer-measured physical behavior from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study assessed associations using multiple linear regression. Effect modification by age, race and ethnicity, social support, and number of chronic conditions was examined as well. In unadjusted models, positive associations for physical activity and negative associations for sedentary behaviors were generally linear for optimism and positive affect. In adjusted models, every one-hour increment in weekly moderate-vigorous physical activity was associated with higher optimism by 0.4 score points [Revised 6-item Life Orientation Test, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.6] and positive affect by 0.6 score points [modified Differential Emotions Scale, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.9]. One-hour increments in light physical activity were associated with higher positive affect [0.2 score points; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.33] while one-hour increments in sedentary behavior patterns were associated with lower positive affect [-0.1 score points; 95% CI = − 0.10, − 0.02). Effect modification by age, race and ethnicity, social support, and number of chronic conditions was not observed. In conclusion, associations between physical behavior with optimism and positive affect were modest but suggest greater activity and less sedentary time are associated with greater psychological well-being in older women.

Safety and efficacy of etomidate in combination with oxycodone in painless gastroscopic procedures in the elderly: A prospective randomized controlled trial study

Etomidate is often combined in rapid succession during induction of anesthesia. However, the effect of pretreatment with oxycodone on recovery of cognitive function and adverse effects has rarely been studied. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare etomidate alone with etomidate combined with oxycodone in elderly patients undergoing painless gastroscopy. Hundred elderly patients undergoing painless gastroscopy were divided into a control and an observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The age, gender, height, weight, body mass index and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (I/II) of patients in both groups were recorded. The recovery of cognitive function was compared in both groups using the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination. Adverse events, including somatic motor reactions, hypotension, bradycardia, myocardial tremor, nausea and vomiting, and injection pain, were also recorded in both groups. Moreover, heart rate, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were evaluated in the 2 groups at different time points. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this study. The demographic characteristics in the 2 groups were not significantly different (P > .05). Regarding the recovery of cognitive functions, more subjects in the observation group passed the memory, arithmetic and orientation test than in the control group (P < .05). Fewer adverse events such as dynamic body reactions, cardiac tremor, nausea and vomiting, and injection pain occurred in the observation group than in the control group (P < .05). During anesthesia and after awakening, the results of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were better in the observation group than in the control group (P < .05). Etomidate in combination with oxycodone for painless gastroscopic operation in the elderly is a safe and effective anesthetic strategy.

Psychological Defense Mechanisms of Military Service Members as a Personality Stabilization Regulatory System for Combat Mission Effectiveness

ABSTRACT This study's objective is to explore the psychological defense mechanisms of Ukrainian service members as a regulatory system for personality stabilization that influences combat mission effectiveness. The study was carried out during 2019–2020. The respondents were 270 military personnel of the ground forces, who had gained experience in the Anti-Terrorist Operation hostilities in the East of Ukraine in 2017–2020. We used psychodiagnostic methods such as the Lifestyle Index by Plutchik, Kellerman, and Conte; Lazarus’s Coping Test; and Leontiev’s Meaningful Life Orientations Test. Our work confirmed our research hypothesis that psychological defense mechanisms as part of the regulatory system of personality stabilization predetermine the effectiveness of the combat missions performed by military personnel of special branches. Military psychologists can use the results during their official training (psychological training and psycho-corrective measures) in order to acquire among the troops the required effectiveness in combat. Defense mechanisms will also contribute to the observance of military ethics, not least when faced with military immorality on the part of adversaries.

Applicability of an immersive virtual reality system to assess egocentric orientation of older adults

Spatial orientation is a cognitive domain frequently compromised in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and may be one of its first clinical manifestations. Some studies have shown that allocentric integration with egocentric spatial information seems to be impaired in this pathology. There is no consensus on how best to assess spatial orientation and traditional tests lack ecological validity, but, recently, virtual reality (VR) has provided new opportunities for this assessment. To analyze the applicability and stability of an immersive virtual task developed to assess spatial orientation, the Spatial Orientation in Immersive Virtual Environment Maze Test (SOIVET-Maze) in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. Forty-three older adults were included in the study, 24 without cognitive impairment and 19 with mild cognitive impairment. Applicability was assessed by the Witmer and Singer Sense of Presence Questionnaire and a questionnaire for adverse events of cybersickness. To assess stability, participants were assessed twice with an interval of 7 to 14 days, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated between visits. The t test or the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare applicability and stability between groups. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding applicability. A strong correlation between the first and second day of testing was found in the mild cognitive impairment group. The SOIVET-Maze task showed excellent applicability and good stability, favoring its clinical application for the evaluation of spatial orientation in older adults.

Лидерский потенциал и карьерные ориентации как предикторы организационной приверженности молодых специалистов: гендерный аспект

The article presents the results of the factors that lay behind worker’s commitment to an organization specifying gender differences. The survey was conducted on a sample of 344 newcomers using “Leadership Capabilities Inventory” by E. Zharikova, E. Krushelnitsky, “Career Orientation Test” by E. Shein, “WACMQ” by A. J. S. Morin. The methods of mathematical statistics used in the study – descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, factor analysis. The study has found correlation among commitment indices (vitality, allegiance, and absorption in an activity), career orientations, and leadership potential; marked differences in the indices of men and women have been found as well. Overall, career perspectives, actualization in organization of leadership capabilities enhance organization commitment of new comers.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF STUDENTS' VITALITY DURING THE WAR IN UKRAINE.

The aim: A theoretical analysis of the problem of the hardiness of a person who suddenly found himself in extreme conditions and an empirical study of his individual and psychological factors that contribute to the strengthening of this personal characteristic and mobilize the internal reserve of student youth. Materials and methods: The following psychodiagnostic methods were used in the empirical study: "Methodology for the diagnosis of hardiness" by S. Muddy, "Test for the diagnosis of properties of the nervous system" by Y. Strelyau, "Methodology for the diagnosis of character accentuations" by K. Leonhard, "Mini-Mult Test", "Psychological Stress Scale", "Coping Behavior Questionnaire" by R. Lazarus, S. Folkman, "Test of Meaningful Life Orientations" by D. Leontiev, Life orientation test C. Scheyer, M. Carver. The study was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023. Results: It was established a direct connection of hardiness with a strong and mobile nervous system, hyperthymic and demonstrative accentuations of character. Inversely related to hardiness are pedantic, unbalanced, dysthymic, and exalted accentuations of character, all personality disorders. People with a high level of hardiness are characterized by expressed optimism, the meaningfulness of life, and the use of adaptive coping strategies. Conclusions: The study showed the high importance of hardiness for the full functioning of student youth during martial law and its conditioning by the properties of the nervous system and individual psychological characteristics. This emphasizes the need for making efforts to increase their level of vitality.

Assessment of Fall Risk, Reaction Time, Spatial Orientation, and Lower Extremity Strength in Dementia Patients: A Correlation Analysis

Introduction: Dementia is an important disease leading to cognitive decline and dysfunction in geriatric individuals. The increased risk of falls in patients with dementia leads to decreased quality of life as well as increased health costs. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between fall risk, reaction time, spatial orientation, and lower extremity strength in patients with dementia by analyzing the interaction of cognitive and physical factors. Materials and Methods: Thirty participants with mild to moderate dementia were recruited from nursing homes in Ankara, Turkey. The participants were administered the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JHDRDA), the Spatial Orientation Test, reaction time measurement and the 30 Second Sit and Stand Test. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between these factors. Results: Significant associations were found between JHFRAT scores and reaction time (r=0.518, p=0.004), spatial orientation (r=-0.389, p=0.037), and lower extremity strength (r=-0.478, p=0.009). These findings highlight the need for holistic fall prevention strategies addressing both cognitive impairments and physical limitations in dementia patients. Conclusion: As a result of the study, cognitive impairments and physical factors were found to be associated with the risk of falls in patients with dementia. To reduce the risk of falls and improve the quality of life of people with dementia, patients should be assessed comprehensively. These findings emphasize the need for holistic fall prevention strategies that address both cognitive impairments and physical limitations in patients with dementia. Keywords: dementia, falls, reaction time, spatial orientation, muscle strength

Procjena samoefikasnosti policijskih službenika u kriznim situacijama

Achieving the optimal functioning of police officers in crisis situations, i.e. self-efficacy, among other things, is possible by encouraging internal mechanisms of resistance, which are operationalized in this research through optimism, hope and coping strategies. Given that, the aim of this research was to investigate mutual relationship of the self-efficacy of the police officers in crisis situations and optimism, hope and coping strategies. After that, the contribution of these resilience resources in explaining the criterion variable was investigated, as well as the difference in the level of its expression considering the complexity of the jobs and tasks performed by police officers. The sample was convenient and consisted of 3 sub-samples. The variable self-efficacy in a crisis was measured by the four-factor Crisis Self-Efficacy Scale (C S-E S, Sejin, 2016). The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R, Scheier, Carver, Bridges, 1994) was used to measure the variable optimism. The hope variable was measured by the Adult Hope Scale (AHS, Snyder, et al., 1991), while the Coping Orientation of Problem Experience (COPE, Carver, Scheier, Weintraub, 1989) was used to measure the coping strategies variable. In this research, a statistically significant positive association of problem-oriented coping and emotion-oriented coping was partially confirmed, as well as a partially statistically significant negative association of avoidance coping with the self-efficacy of police officers in crisis situations, while hope and optimism were statistically significantly positively associated with the criterion variable. Optimism, hope and problem-oriented coping proved to be significant predictors of self-efficacy of police officers in crisis situations, while emotion-oriented coping, proved to be a maladaptive predictor. Finally, members of the Special Anti-Terrorist Unit, unlike members of the General police and Police Academy cadets individually, achieve statistically significantly higher results on all subscales of the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CSES). Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Big Orientation Test: Development and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties

The results of evaluation of psychometric properties of the newly developed questionnaire “Big Orientation Test” (BOT) are presented. The standardization sample consisted of college students, university students, doctorate students, and adults (N=1648) aged 16–63 (M=19.35; SD=6.52), women — 76%. The study provides data on construct validity — convergent and discriminant validity, and on reliability of the measure. The analysis carried out allows to conclude that the assessment tool is suitable for both for research purposes and for solving a wide range of applied problems in various areas of social practice — business, education, politics, medicine, jurisprudence, etc.

Dyspozycyjny optymizm u osób pracujących podczas odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności

Work is one of the rehabilitation interactions used for centuries with convicts. It has changed its functions, although at the moment it does not serve as a punitive measure, but rather as a motivating factor for change. Numerous monographs and articles have been written about the work of convicts, but most of them show only the legal aspect of its execution. However, from a practical point of view, it is also important to examine to what extent it can be directly linked to changes in the attitudes and behaviour of those who have committed a crime. Therefore, it was decided to conduct research aiming at determination of the level of dispositional optimism in convicts working while serving a criminal sentence. It was assumed that in the study the dependent variable is the level of dispositional optimism, and the independent variables: the two-year period of work performed by convicts while serving a prison sentence and the professional status of the respondents. The study was conducted twice using the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) by Michael F. Scheier, Charles S. Carver and Michael W. Bridges in an adaptation of Zygfryd Juczyński.

Relationship between mental health and cognition among survivors - Mental Health Status of the Survivors of the 2000 Miyakejima Eruption 20 Years After the Eruption and an examination from the the revised Life Orientation Test -.

Relationship between mental health and cognition among survivors - Mental Health Status of the Survivors of the 2000 Miyakejima Eruption 20 Years After the Eruption and an examination from the the revised Life Orientation Test -.

Life Satisfaction: The Role of Happiness and Optimism Among Young Adults

Aim: Life satisfaction (LS) is a term used to describe how people communicate their feelings, sentiments (moods), and perspectives on their potential futures (Ritter, 2003). The tendency to expect the best and see the bright side of things is a common definition of optimism (Schneider &amp; Carver, 1985). Happiness is defined as the experiencing of more frequently happy emotional emotions than negative ones, as well as the impression that one is moving toward significant life goals (Tkach &amp; Lyubomirsky, 2006). This study sought to examine young individuals' levels of life satisfaction, optimism, and happiness. Methods: The study was conducted on 120 young adults aged 18 to 24 years, out of which 60 were females and 60 were males, through purposive sampling techniques. Satisfaction With Life Scales (Dinner, Emmons, Larsen &amp; Griffin in 1985), Life Orientation Test (Carver, 2013), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Michael Agryel &amp;Peter Hills 2002) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by using one way ANOVA, mean, standard deviation and Pearson product moment correlation. Result: Result of the study shows that there is no significant difference in the level of life satisfaction, optimism and happiness among young adults across their gender. There is a significant relationship (Positive Correlation) between happiness and life satisfaction among young adults, There is a significant relationship (Positive Correlation) between optimism and life satisfaction among young adults.

ЛИЧНОСТНОЕ САМОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ БУДУЩИХ ПСИХОЛОГОВ

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of personal self-development of future psychologists. To achieve success in their professional activities, it is very important for future psychologists to know and evaluate their personal resources, focusing on the characteristics of personal self-development, so that, gaining life experience, harmoniously approach optimal states, flexibly acquire new forms in the process of development during adolescence, where the very process of self-formation is transformed into a bright and intense action, when civic maturity sets in and social roles change. Changing social roles, as a rule, occurs heterochronously, some roles are assimilated earlier, others later, therefore, an individual’s assessment of his/her resources is often incorrect. The noted specificity of personal self-development in adolescence raises the question of the need to analyze the personal self-development of future psychologists and describe its typological features for the formation and development of professional competencies. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study on the characteristics of the personal self-development of future psychologists. The methodology of the study is based on the materials of scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists on the problem of personal self-development. The following diagnostic tools were used: the Life Style Index (LSI) technique, Lazarus coping test, the Behavior Self-Regulation Style test (V.I. Morosanova), the Meaningful Orientation test (D.A. Leontiev) the test of motivation for achieving success by T. Ehlers. Cluster analysis (single link method) was used in the analysis of empirical materials. Research results. Significant differences in the characteristics of personal self-development among students with different levels in terms of the general indicator of life meaningfulness are highlighted. Students with a low level of life-purpose orientation (LPO) have a tendency to use the mechanism of protection, i.e., “reactive formation” and “substitution”. It was revealed that in groups of students with a high level of LPO, the overall tension of psychological defenses increases by the 4th year. It has been established that the process of personal self-development among students with an average level of LPO is characterized by a weak connection between psychological defenses and coping strategies. It is noted that in all courses, future psychologists with different levels of LPO rarely use the “denial” defense mechanism. Conclusion. It is concluded that the results of the study indicate the need to develop technologies for working with psychological defenses in the educational process of future psychologists.

Relation of Parental Involvement and Goal Orientation in Adolescents

The present study aims to find out the effect of parental involvement on the goal orientation of adolescents. This study had been conducted on a sample of 150 adolescents (75 males and 75 females) randomly selected from various schools of the Nainital district of Uttarakhand. For the data collection of parental involvement 'Parental Involvement Scale' by Chauhan &amp; Arora (2009) and for the data collection of goal orientation 'Goal orientation Test' by Shreekala (2013) was used. For the analyses of data, ANOVA had been used. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference among the adolescents of three groups i.e high, average and low. Male and female participants differ significantly on goal orientation and the Study also revealed that there is a significant difference among parental involvement and gender.

How vestibular dysfunction transforms into symptoms of depersonalization and derealization?

Psychiatric Depersonalization/Derealization (DPDR) symptoms were demonstrated in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders. However, only semicircular canals (SCCs) dysfunction was evaluated, therefore, otoliths' contribution to DPDR is unknown. Also, DPDR symptoms in patients with central vestibular dysfunction are presently unknown. DPDR was also studied in the context of spatial disorientation and anxiety, but the relation of these cognitive and emotional functions to vestibular dysfunction requires clarification. We tested patients with peripheral Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction (pBVH), Machado Joseph Disease (MJD) with cerebellar and central bilateral vestibular hypofunction, and healthy controls. Participants completed the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) for SCCs function, cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials test (cVEMPt) for sacculi function, Body Sensation Questionnaire (BSQ) for panic anxiety, Object Perspective-Taking test (OPTt) for spatial orientation and Cox & Swinson DPDR inventory for DPDR symptoms. pBVH patients showed significant SCCs and sacculi dysfunction, spatial disorientation, elevated panic anxiety, and DPDR symptoms. MJD patients showed significant SCCs hypofunction but preserved sacculi function, spatial disorientation but normal levels of panic anxiety and DPDR symptoms. Only pBVH patients demonstrated a positive correlation between the severity of the DPDR and spatial disorientation and panic anxiety. DPDR develops in association with sacculi dysfunction, either with or without SSCs dysfunction. Spatial disorientation and anxiety seem to mediate the transformation of vestibular dysfunction into DPDR symptoms. DPDR does not develop in MJD with central vestibular hypofunction but a normal saccular response. We propose a three-step model that describes the development of DPDR symptoms in vestibular patients.

Associations between participation and personal factors in community-dwelling adults post-stroke.

To examine associations between post-stroke participation and personal factors, including demographic characteristics, self- and threat appraisals, and personality variables. An exploratory cross-sectional study with purpose-designed survey was completed online or via mail. The survey was comprised of demographic and health-related questions and multiple questionnaires, including the Stroke Impact Scale Version 3.0 (SISv3) (participation/perceived recovery), Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) (participation), Head Injury Semantic Differential III (pre- vs post-stroke self-concept/self-discrepancy), Appraisal of Threat and Avoidance Questionnaire (threat appraisal), Life Orientation Test - Revised (optimism) and Relationships Questionnaire (adult attachment style) that measured variables of interest. Sixty-two participants, aged 24-96 years who had experienced a stroke (one or multiple events) and had returned to community living, completed the survey. Associations were examined using correlations, and univariate and multiple linear regression analyses. Regression analysis showed that greater participation, measured using the CIQ, was associated with younger age, female gender, lower self-discrepancy and higher perceived recovery, explaining 69% of the variability in CIQ participation. Further, greater participation on the SISv3 was associated with lower self-discrepancy and higher perceived recovery, explaining 64% of the variability in SISv3 participation. Results indicate that personal factors, particularly self-appraisals like self-concept/self-discrepancy, in combination with perceived recovery may be important in explaining a large portion of variance in post-stroke participation. Specifically, findings highlight the interrelatedness of self-concept change, perceived recovery and post-stroke participation. Further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the directionality of these associations throughout the hospital-to-home transition.