Orientation Test Research Articles

Visuospatial outcomes of a prospective national cohort of young adults with very low birthweight.

Visuospatial processing is reportedly impaired in children born very preterm (VP) compared with full term (FT) controls but there are few data for VP adults. At 26-30 years, 225 very low birthweight (VLBW) adults (70% national cohort survivors) and 100 FT controls were assessed on motor-dependent visuospatial skills using the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and nonmotor-dependent skills by the Benton Judgment of Line Orientation and Brixton Spatial Anticipation tests. A composite score was created by summing standardized scores for the three tests. MRI measures of cortical volume, thickness and surface area were obtained for 150 VLBW participants. VLBW born adults performed less well than controls across all visuospatial measures and their composite score (P < 0.001), with moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen's ds = 0.41-0.82). Between group differences were not explained by current vision impairment, cerebral palsy, sex, ethnicity or socio-demographic factors. The unadjusted visuospatial composite score was significantly correlated with reduced cortical surface area and cortical volume, but few correlations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and intracranial volume. The visuospatial functioning of adults born VLBW is significantly poorer than their FT peers with only modest associations with cortical brain structure. Previous reports have shown very preterm children have impaired visuospatial processing compared with term-born peers but only limited data address whether these impairments persist into adulthood. Visuospatial functioning, assessed by both motor and non-motor dependent tests, of adults born very low birthweight is significantly poorer than that of term-born peers. Poorer visuospatial functioning in this very low birthweight cohort is not explained by vision impairment and had only modest associations with cranial MRI brain structure. Persisting visuospatial impairment in very preterm adults may significantly impact quality of life. Early recognition of these difficulties could facilitate support strategies to improve outcomes.

Psychometric validation and cultural adaptation of the Persian Galveston orientation and amnesia test and orientation-log for assessing traumatic brain injury

Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is a common symptom of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Galveston Amnesia and Orientation Test (GOAT) and Orientation-Log (O-Log) are commonly used assessment tools to evaluate PTA following TBI. In this study, we aimed to validate the Persian versions of both scales. The forward-backward translation method was used, and a panel of experts, including three neuroscientists, one epidemiologist, and four lay experts with TBI experience, evaluated the scales. A total of 140 mild TBI patients aged 12 years and older were subsequently assessed with scales. Reliability was assessed using two approaches including Cronbach’s Alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The total ICCs were 0.870 (95% CI: 0.818–0.907) and 0.687 (95% CI: 0.564–0.776) for the GOAT and O-Log, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha values for the GOAT and O-Log were 0.64 and 0.75, respectively. A significant correlation was also found between the GOAT score and the O-Log (r = 0.729, p < 0.001). The Persian GOAT and O-Log were validated as reliable tools for monitoring TBI patients’ orientation. The interviews revealed significant cultural considerations that must be considered when the scales are translated and validated to ensure their validity and reliability in diverse cultural contexts and prevent bias.

Spousal Caregiving Types and Cognitive Trajectories Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China.

Objectives: This study investigates the longitudinal association between spousal caregiving types and cognitive trajectories among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, with a focus on gender differences. Method: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (2011-2018) were analyzed, covering 4568 couples aged 45 and above. Caregiving types were Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) caregiving, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) caregiving, and both ADLs/IADLs caregiving. Cognitive function was assessed using tests of memory, orientation, numeric ability, and visuospatial ability. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine associations between caregiving types and cognitive trajectories. Results: Spouses who only provided IADLs caregiving had slower cognitive decline compared to those who did not provide caregiving, regardless of gender. However, those who provided ADLs caregiving had faster cognitive decline compared to non-caregivers, especially in women. Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of caregiving types as well as the gendered effects of caregiving on cognitive trajectories.

A predictive model for longitudinal cognitive subtypes in Parkinson's disease.

Longitudinal cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit considerable heterogeneity.Predicting cognitive trajectories in early PD patients can improve prognostic counseling and guide clinical trials. This study included 337 early PD patients with 6-year follow-up in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to identify subtypes of longitudinal cognitive trajectories, and a nomogram predictive model was constructed using baseline clinical variables. The 337 PD patientshad a mean age of 61.0years, mean disease duration of 0.55years,and mean MoCA score of 27.1 points. Latent class mixed models (LCMM) identified two longitudinal cognitive subtypes: cognitive stable (276 cases, 81.9%) and cognitivel deteriorating (61 cases, 18.1%). The cognitively deteriorating subtype presented poorer baseline cognition, older age, and more severe motor and non-motor symptoms. On biomarkers, the cognitively deteriorating subtype revealed higher serum NFL levels and lower mean striatum DAT uptake. Six baseline clinical variables (age, Letter Number Sequencing score, Symbol Digit Modalities Test score, Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test score, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised score, and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder) were selected to construct the nomogram predictive model which achieved an AUC of 0.92.The calibration curve demonstrated high consistency between predicted and observed probabilities.The predictive model has potential utility in disease-modifying clinical trials by pre-screening patients at high risk for cognitive deterioration. This study identified two longitudinal cognitive subtypes: cognitive stable and cognitive deterioration within 6-year follow-up, and eighteen percent of early PD patients shared the cognitive deterioration subtype The predictive model, incorporating six baseline variables could estimate the risk of longitudinal cognitive deterioration in PD.

Enhancing Inpatient Care: The Impact of Therapeutic Recreation on Emotional Competence and Life Orientation

This study investigates the effects of therapeutic recreational activities on the emotional skills, competence, and life orientations of patients receiving inpatient treatment at Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital. The sample consisted of 313 inpatients, 154 males, and 159 females. Data collection tools included a personal information form, the "Emotional Skills and Competence Scale (ESCQ-45)," and the "Life Orientation Test (LOT)." Statistical analyses used were descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, LSD post hoc tests, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation analyses. Internal consistency coefficients were 0.96 for the ESCQ-45 and 0.92 for the LOT. Results showed high mean scores on the ESCQ-45 (x̄ = 3.81) and low scores on the LOT (x̄ = 2.00), indicating pessimistic life orientations. Participants' therapeutic recreational activity involvement, age, education level, treatment unit, and daily treatment frequency significantly influenced these measurements. There were negative and moderate correlations between emotional skills, competence, and life orientation, with emotional skills and competence being significant predictors of life orientation. Findings suggest that participation in therapeutic recreational activities has a limited impact on emotional skills and life orientation.

The Relationship Between Humor Styles, Optimism and Quality of life, and the Role of the Gender, Age and Socio-Economic Status: A Typological Approach

The present study aims to extend knowledge on the relationship between humor styles, optimism and quality of life by employing the typological approach. Therefore, humor profiles were examined as patterns of humor styles and compared within profiles. The sample of 725 respondents from Spanish community was tested using Humor Styles Questionnaire, Life Orientation Test – Revised and the 12-Item Short Form Survey. Initial insight into the relations between humor styles, optimism and quality of life was provided using correlations controlling for gender, age, and socio-economic status, showing that optimism and quality of life measures correlated positively with affiliative and self-enhancing humor, and negatively with self-defeating humor styles. Four humor profiles (humor enhancers, endorsers, deniers and detrimenters) were identified using latent profile analysis, with the pairwise comparisons between the profiles in the analysis of differences in optimism and quality of life. Results revealed higher optimism and quality of life at humor profiles whose members use positive humor styles compared to profiles whose members use only negative humor styles, or do not use any kind of humor. In addition, significant role of gender, age and socio-economic position on observed relationship were confirmed. Advantages of typological approach in research of humor styles were discussed.

Cranial volume measurement with artificial intelligence and cognitive scales in patients with clinically isolated syndrome.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between volumetric measurements of specific brain regions which were measured with artificial intelligence (AI) and various neuropsychological tests in patients with clinically isolated syndrome. A total of 28 patients diagnosed with CIS were included in the study. The patients were administered Öktem Verbal Memory Processes Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Backward-Forward Digit Span Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Judgement of Line Orientation Test, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale. Artificial intelligence assisted BrainLab Elements™ Atlas-Based Automatic Segmentation program was used for calculating volumes. The measured volumes were compared with the reference database. In addition, neuropsychological test performances and volumetric measurements of the patients were compared. Of the patients included in the study, 78.6% were female and 21.4% were male, with an average age of 33 years. Verbal Memory Processes Test, SDMT, Backward-Forward Digit Span, JLOT, and Stroop Test showed significant correlations with multiple anatomical regions, particularly the anterior thalamic nucleus, which was associated with the highest number of cognitive tests. The JLOT exhibited the strongest correlation with six different brain regions (p < 0.001). The Judgement of Line Orientation and Stroop Tests, correlated with multiple brain regions, especially the anterior thalamic nucleus, underscoring the importance of these tests in assessing cognitive function in CIS.

Postural imbalance without visual input is associated with specific neuropsychological deficits in older adults - results from the LIFE-adult study.

Modifiable risk factors play an important role in preventing dementia and reducing its progression. Regular physical activity already in midlife, which relies on intact multisensory balance control, can help to decrease the risk of dementia. However, our understanding of the relationship between postural balance and cognitive functions remains limited. The objective of our study was to investigate the association of postural balance during different sensory conditions with specific cognitive domains in older adults. Participants were from the population-based prospective "Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases" (LIFE-Adult) cohort in Leipzig, Germany. Executive, memory and processing speed functions were tested by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) plus battery. Assessment of visuospatial abilities was based on the short form of the Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLO). Postural sway was recorded on a force plate with eyes open and closed. Romberg's ratios were calculated for sway path and sway area as a proxy for balance without visual control and tested in generalized linear regression models with the summary scores of executive function, memory, processing speed and visuospatial function as dependent variables. All models were adjusted for sex, age, ApoE status, socioeconomic status, anamnestic stroke, and diabetes. In total, we analyzed 460 participants with a mean age of 68.6 years, range 60 to 80, 47.6% female. A higher Romberg's ratio for sway area was a significant indicator for impaired visuospatial abilities as measured by the dichotomized JLO (Odds Ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.88). Romberg's ratios were not significantly associated with executive functions, procedural speed or memory functions. It may be worthwhile to examine in the future whether inclusion of balance testing enhances the value of screening programs for cognitive impairment. Inversely, it may be appropriate to apply routine cognitive tests when balance problems are detected in older patients.

Evaluation of the relationship between types of menopause and cognitive function.

Menopause is often accompanied by neurological symptoms, including cognitive difficulties, especially with memory and attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the timing of menopause and the cognitive performance of menopausal patients who applied to our neurology clinic with complaints of forgetfulness. The data of 538 women who applied to the neurology clinic with complaints of forgetfulness between January 2018 and January 2024 and underwent neuropsychological evaluations were scanned retrospectively. A total of 96 patients who applied to the neurology and menopause clinics were included in the study. The attention orientation, verbal fluency, memory, and total Addenbrooke's cognitive evaluation battery-revised (ACE-R) test scores were significantly higher in the >50-year-old menopausal group when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). A statistically significant, negative, and weak relationship was detected between the body mass index (BMI) and memory scores (r = 0.3, p < 0.001). A statistically significant, positive, and weak relationship was detected between the high-density lipoprotein level and verbal fluency score, memory score and ACE-R score (r = 0.3, p < 0.001). A statistically significant, negative, and weak relationship was detected between the BMI and memory scores (r = 0.3, p < 0.001). The relationship between the cognitive performance of menopausal women and the timing of menopause was examined herein. The ACE-R, attention and orientation, visual, verbal fluency, and memory scores were significantly higher in women ≥50 years of age who entered menopause compared to those <40 years of age and those between 40 and 50 years of age. This study provides evidence that advancing age at menopause is associated with better cognitive performance. This relationship is most evident in the areas of the attention, verbal fluency, memory, and visuospatial domains.

Building Professional Competence of Prison Staff: Psychological, Pedagogical, and Legal Aspects

Considering the war in Ukraine, the study of the main aspects of building the professional competence of the prison staff is a current priority task of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine. The objective of the study is to determine the components of professional competence of the prison staff in Ukraine. Methods. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the Bass Personality Orientation Test, and the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI). Statistical analysis involves the use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results. Graduates of the penitentiary system have formed general and special professional competencies, including partial stress resistance, coping with problem solving, and motivational focus on the task. It has been proven that general professional competencies are directly related to professionally important qualities (р≤0.01). Conclusions. The results can be used by higher education institutions (HEIs) to adjust professional training programs for prison staff. Heads of penal institutions can consider the obtained results when selecting staff for positions. The results are useful for the professional self-development of specialists, as they indicate the qualities and competencies that they need to develop. Prospects. Further study may focus on determining how the professional competencies of the prison staff are built at different stages of their professional activities.

Receptive vocabulary is superior to education level to account for Black and White neuropsychological performance discrepancies.

To evaluate the impact of receptive vocabulary versus years of education on neuropsychological performance of Black and White older adults. A community-based prospectively enrolled cohort (n = 1,007; 130 Black, 877 White) in the Emory Healthy Brain Study were administered the NIH Toolbox Picture Vocabulary Test and neuropsychological measures. Group differences were evaluated with age, sex, and education or age, sex, and Toolbox Vocabulary scores as covariates to determine whether performance differences between Black versus White participants were attenuated or eliminated. With vocabulary as a covariate, the main effect of race was no longer significant for the MoCA, Phonemic Fluency, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Rey Complex Figure Test immediate and delayed recall. Although still significantly different between groups, the effect sizes for Animal Fluency, Trails B-A, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Rey Copy were attenuated, with the greatest reductions occurring for the Multilingual Naming Test and Judgment of Line Orientation. Findings support the value of using receptive vocabulary as a proxy for premorbid ability level when comparing the cognitive performance of Black and White older adults. The results extend investigations using measures of single word reading to encompass measures assessing word meaning.

Relationships Between Self-Reported Pain and Optimism Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Measures of life outlook in older adults have been investigated in connection to pain, as both pain management and outlook are important factors of successful aging. We hypothesized that higher pain is associated with lower optimism among community-dwelling older adults. We utilized data from the UC San Diego Successful Aging Evaluation (SAGE), a prospective longitudinal cohort study initiated in 2010, to evaluate the relationship between pain and optimism in 378 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. We used the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) to measure optimism and three pain subscales-PROMIS Pain Interference, PROMIS Pain Intensity, and MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)-as pain measures. Regression analyses reveal negative relationships between pain and optimism for all three pain scales, with regression coefficients of -0.277 (p < .0001), -0.246 (p < .0001), and 0.269 (p < .0001) respectively. This indicates value in considering physical and psychological elements in future intervention research to promote healthy aging.

Behavioral distortions of individual investors in the decision-making process

The primary aim of this study was to assess the extent and dispersion of dispositional optimism and a positive orientation among individual investors in Poland. An ancillary objective was to scrutinize the correlation between dispositional optimism and positive orientation with factors such as gender, age, education, place of residence, and experience. To examine psychological variables such as dispositional optimism, positive orientation, and risk propensity, the authors used psychological tests: the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Positive Orientation Scale (P- Scale), and the risk-related questionnaire inspired by the Kahneman and Tversky studies. The findings revealed that individual investors in Poland generally displayed a mixed outlook of dispositional optimism and positive orientation. Moreover, the study demonstrated that factors such as age, experience, and consistency in decision-making played a role in shaping the level of optimism among these investors. Unlike most studies that solely focus on measuring the errors resulting from excessive dispositional optimism, this paper offers insights into recognizing and understanding optimistic tendencies in the context of investment behavior.

Cognitive flexibility as a predictor of optimism in university students

The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive power of cognitive flexibility levels of university students on optimism. In addition, it is aimed to reveal whether the relationship between optimism and cognitive flexibility differs according to gender. The participants of the study consisted of a total of 835 university students, 632 females (75.7%) and 203 males (24.3%), studying at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. The ages of the university students participating in the research range from 17 to 43, and the average age of the students was determined as 20.58. In the data collection process, the Personal Information Form was used to determine the demographic information of the participants, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory to determine their cognitive flexibility levels, and the Life Orientation Test to determine the level of positive expectations that individuals generally have about their experiences. To achieve the research purposes, missing value analysis, outlier analysis, normal distribution, linearity and homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices were examined, and it was found that the assumptions were met. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficients were used to determine the relationships between optimism and cognitive flexibility. According to the correlation analysis results, positive and meaningful relationships were found between optimism and cognitive flexibility, and it was found that university students with high optimism scores also have high cognitive flexibility levels. Simple Linear Regression Analysis was performed to determine how much cognitive flexibility predicts optimism. As a result of the regression analysis, it was concluded that cognitive flexibility explains 19.4% of the total variance of optimism. Considering the research results, universities can organize programs and workshops aimed at developing the cognitive flexibility of students. These programs can increase students' optimism by teaching them positive thinking skills.

Exam anxiety in connection with life orientation in upper secondary education students

Background: Exam anxiety is beginning to affect an increasing number of students. Aim: We sought to examine whether there is an association between exam anxiety and life orientation in secondary school learners. Methods: We used the Suinn’s Test Anxiety Behavior Scale questionnaire to assess exam anxiety and the Life Orientation Test—Revised questionnaire to determine students’ life orientation. Findings: Results revealed that the participants experienced a level of exam stress that could motivate them and prepare them for the evaluation situation. Female and secondary grammar school students had more exam anxiety than males and business school students. There was a moderate relationship between exam anxiety and life orientation, which was slightly pessimistic. Conclusion: A pessimistic or optimistic life orientation is one of the factors that may influence exam anxiety levels of secondary school learners.

The impact of COVID-19 anxiety on the academic motivation, life-orientation, and meaning in life of university students

Despite the formal declaration of the end of the global health emergency related to COVID-19, the disease continues to pose significant challenges worldwide. This study addresses the gap in existing literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on university students during the peak of the pandemic. Specifically, it examined how COVID-19 anxiety influenced the meaning in life, life orientation, and academic motivation; variables that are known predictors of student success and their overall well-being. Conducted as a non-experimental quantitative cross-sectional study, data were collected from 557 participants selected through purposive sampling. The research used the Coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire to gather relevant data. Findings reveal that COVID-19 anxiety has a negative influence on academic motivation, presence of meaning, and life orientation. The results also indicate a positive relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and the search for meaning in life. These findings not only enhance the understanding of the pandemic's adverse impacts on university students but also provide a basis for future interventions and strategies by educational stakeholders and policymakers aimed at mitigating these effects.

Dispositional optimism predicts antidepressant treatment response in major depressive disorder: potential relevance for positive psychology interventions

ABSTRACT Positive psychology interventions have demonstrated efficacy in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but the relationship between dispositional optimism and antidepressant treatment response remains unclear. In this study, optimism (Revised Life Orientation Test, LOT-R) and depression severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDRS) were assessed in healthy unmedicated MDD participants (N = 86) and healthy controls (N = 65). Treatment response (≥50% reduction in HDRS) was measured in 46 of these MDD participants after 8 weeks of open-label selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. MDD participants reported significantly lower pre-treatment optimism than healthy controls. Higher pre-treatment optimism, as well as greater increase in optimism (pre-treatment to 8 weeks), were associated with greater likelihood of being an SSRI responder versus non-responder (β = 0.21, p = 0.013; β = 0.32, p = 0.01, respectively), even when ratings of optimism/pessimism were excluded from depression severity/response ratings. The findings are consistent with the importance of aspects of positive psychology in treatment response. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

Spatial Cognition Ability in Surgeons Performing Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery

Endoscopic surgery, including endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS), requires special psychomotor skills from surgeons. The learning curve in the acquisition of psychomotor skills varies among individuals, and studies about laparoscopy indicate that the difference can be predicted using spatial ability tests. We examined the association between the results of such tests and the learning curve in ETSS to determine the need for a personalized curriculum for ETSS skill training. A total of 30 fifth-year medical students from Kindai University School of Medicine (17 men, 13 women; mean age, 26 years) without ETSS experience completed the spatial orientation test (SOT) for the measurement of spatial visualization ability. They performed the dural incision task (DIT) twice on an ETSS training model for surgical psychomotor skill evaluation. The SOT scores (angle errors) exhibited substantial individual differences in spatial visualization ability, whereas the DIT scores significantly improved in the second trial (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 0.0035). However, no significant difference was observed in the DIT scores between the smaller error and larger error groups of the SOT. The results indicated that two DIT trials were sufficient to acquire psychomotor skills for the DIT as the endoscope was almost fixed and learning only one viewpoint and line of sight combination was adequate. In conclusion, a personalized ETSS training program based on the trainee's spatial ability is not necessary for the DIT. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of spatial ability on more complex tasks, such as suturing in cranial base repair.

Study of the Psychological Condition of Students Living in Border Conflict Regions

Since the 1990s, the conflicts and destructive processes that began in Abkhazia and South Ossetia have remained a major crisis for the population of Georgia. For nearly 30 years, the populations of both regions, governed by powerful Russian influence and de facto authorities, have been isolated from the rest of Georgia. The lack of social and intensive interactions, limited communication, and ideological confrontations have further distanced Georgians, Abkhazians, and Ossetians from one another. Under conditions of constant fear, socio-economic hardship, and restricted mobility, protecting the rights of students living in border and conflict regions, ensuring access to essential services, and addressing their mental health remain significant challenges for Georgian society. Students are a crucial part of society who can not only participate in processes of change and development but also become initiators of transformative processes. Given that mental health is linked to an individual’s psychosocial and physical well-being, studying students' mental health is important not only in terms of their knowledge and skills but also in terms of assessing their psychological condition and providing appropriate responses. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the psychological condition of students living in border conflict regions. To achieve this goal, the research utilized instruments adapted for the Georgian population, including the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and PROMIS Emotional Distress—Anxiety—Short Form. By employing these tools, it became possible to analyze the mental health challenges faced by students in border conflict regions and identify differences in their psychological conditions based on specific characteristics.

Performance of the Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test across patients with different types of dementia.

The Benton Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) test is one of the most frequently used tests for assessing visuospatial function. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and differential performance of JLO for different types of dementia. A total of 258 participants, including 68 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 86 with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), 30 with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), 22 with Lewy body dementia (LBD), and 52 cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls, were enrolled from a memory clinic. The total scores and error types in the JLO test were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to estimate the diagnostic and differential abilities of the JLO test for patients with different types of dementia. We found that the JLO score was significantly lower in patients with AD, SIVD, FTLD, or LBD than in CU controls (12.90 ± 8.72 versus 17.06 ± 6.14 versus 15.47 ± 8.39 versus 9.23 ± 8.96 versus 21.69 ± 3.72, respectively; all p < 0.05). In particular, for patients with LBD, the JLO score was significantly lower than that for patients in the other groups (all p < 0.05) and showed excellent performance in distinguishing LBD patients from CU controls, with an AUC of 0.888 (sensitivity 72.73% and specificity 94.23%) at a cutoff value of 16. Intraquadrant oblique error was the most common type of error in dementia patients. The JLO test is an effective tool for evaluating visuospatial function in patients with dementia, particularly for identifying LBD patients.