Orientation Training Research Articles

Gaps in PM&R for Blindness & Low Vision: The Imperative of Rehabilitation for Visual Disability

Abstract Persons with blindness and low vision (pBLV) experience increased fall and injury risk beyond atypical biomechanics and balance impairments. Falling risk doubles with blindness, and more than triples with depth perception losses. Despite this, physical therapy (PT) focuses on musculoskeletal injuries post-event rather than taking a proactive and preventative approach for pBLV. We posit that PT implemented pre-injury, alongside orientation and mobility (O&M) training of adapted movement protocols could positively affect injury avoidance and severity for pBLV. The global VISION 2020 initiative seeks increased access to rehabilitation services and treatments to enhance quality-of-life for pBLV. In support, this paper reviews research studies in rehabilitation science that promote physical health and wellbeing, and stresses preventative skilled mobility and therapeutic exercise to mitigate injury. To reduce the personal, financial, and societal costs associated with BLV, as well as position patients for better outcomes, we review an evidence base that may generate immediate impact in this area. While these recommendations provide an initial framework, the role of PT in pre-habilitative care remains a critical gap that must be addressed. It is imperative that interventions, guidelines, impairment/severity-specific practices, and overall health promotion are re-evaluated and redesigned for pBLV, affording equity for health and mobility.

Analysis of a survey of the adult population on oral hygiene products

Aim – to assess the use of oral hygiene products by consumers as a method of primary prevention of the development of dental diseases, as well as to study their motivation when choosing personal oral hygiene products. Materials and methods. The study was carried out using an individually developed and validated questionnaire. The questionnaire included 21 questions. Respondents were selected by random selection. Results. Established a low level of hygiene education of respondents (34% of respondents to the questionnaire visit a dentist twice a year or more, the main criterion for choosing toothpaste for 36% of respondents is the possibility of using the whole family, 53.5% of respondents do not matter the content of fluoride in the toothpaste, 89.1 do not use other sources of fluoride, less than 50% of those surveyed use additional means of oral hygiene. The results of the questionnaire showed that about 40% of respondents acquire oral hygiene products in a pharmacy and need professional consultations of specialists on the composition of toothpaste and its effectiveness, the right choice of toothbrush, which determines the area of knowledge, that a pharmaceutical worker should own. Conclusion. Have been identified the information needs on oral hygiene products. The need for training in proper oral care and orientation to timely treatment of the dentist for preventive purposes and at the first symptoms, as well as information on primary prevention measures to preserve the dental health of the population. It is important to raise public awareness of the role of fluoride in the prevention of the development of caries, as well as to use additional means of oral hygiene products and fluoride sources. One way to improve public hygiene awareness is for a pharmacist to provide competent advice to pharmacists and to increase the level of completeness in the use of oral hygiene products by the consumer.

Psycho-physiological prerequisites of the success of military-professional training of cadets of military institutions of higher education

The article examines in detail the educational process of military- professional training of future army officers, which made it possible to substantiate the structural-systemic approach to the chosen problem. The analysis of the data obtained as a result of testing the morphofunctional and motor indicators of the development of the body of the cadets of military institutions of higher education confirmed the general low physical condition of modern military personnel. Regarding physical capacity, this indicator is in the range from low to satisfactory in most cadets. The results of testing the motor readiness of future military personnel confirm the existing data on the insufficient development of endurance in young men and the insufficient development of endurance and speed in girls. The study of the psycho-emotional state of the cadets of the military institutions of higher education showed that the resistance to stress in extreme situations of the vast majority of future officers is in the range from above average to high levels. In addition, as a result of special studies, the dependence of the success of the formation of professional skills and abilities on the psychophysiological indicators of the development of the cadets' body, depending on gender and military specialization, was established. The results of the correlation analysis of the dependence of the success of the cadets' professional training on the psychophysiological indicators of their organism's development made it possible to determine the structure of the complex psychophysiological preparedness of future officers, taking into account gender and military specialization. Therefore, the differentiation of future officers by specialization and gender determines the selection of means of physical training of the appropriate orientation depending on the structure of complex psychophysiological training.

The Effects of Training on Employee Performance: A Case of Tanzania Police Headquarters

Human resources are considered valuable in any organization as they ensure every task is done smoothly. However, if these human resources are not well equipped with the right equipment, techniques and knowledge on how to perform their duties, they cannot be productive, and this is where training comes in as a solution to solving these problems. This study aims to show how training contributes to improved employee performance at Tanzania Police Headquarters. The study was guided by open innovation theory and organizational development theory. The study adopted a case design because it took a short time and was constructed as a single case study of the Tanzania Police Headquarters (TPF). Both probability and non-probability sampling methods were beneficial in helping the purpose underlying this study. The target population was the Tanzania Police Force (TPF) headquarters employees in Dar es Salaam city. The 125 sampled TPF employees were drawn from three nominated departments to offer information in the study using questionnaires, interviews, and literature reviews as instruments of data collection. Data was analyzed using social science statistical package. The findings revealed that in the study area, different types of training were provided to employees such as on job training, promotional training, refresher training, technological training and orientation training. Employees at TPF revealed that training has increased the morale of employees, reduced employee turnover, improved staff retention and improved job satisfaction as well as improved skills which have improved performance. Data findings indicated that the absence of training needs assessment, outdated curriculum, limited facilities; incompetent trainers and insufficient funds were barriers to conducting training. The study concluded that training has increased the morale of employees, reduced employee turnover, improved staff retention and improved job satisfaction as well as improved skills which has improved performance. It was recommended that TPF should establish strong strategic plans to support training and development to employees as well as reduce hindrances facing the proper utilization of training and all these can be considered when there is a strong policy for training and evaluation of training needs assessment.

Barriers to inclusive education of children with autism: Ghanaian teachers’ perspective

BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition, has become a major concern for both developed and underdeveloped countries since the condition is associated with significant caregiver, family, and financial burdens. Approaches to educating these children, especially in their preschool years, are burdensome and demanding for both parents and teachers. Although it is recommended that children with ASD receive inclusive, age-appropriate education in mainstream school settings, there are barriers in Ghana. This study explored barriers faced by preschool teachers in implementing and adhering to inclusive education for children with ASD.MethodsThe study employed an exploratory descriptive qualitative design to sample 17 participants in the Greater Accra Region using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through an in-depth virtual interview and analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThe study identified inadequate parental cooperation, poor ASD knowledge of the teachers, socio-cultural and political issues, and a lack of collaboration with other professionals as major barriers thwarting the success of inclusive education for children with ASD in Ghana.ConclusionThese barriers affect effective and successful adherence to inclusive education for children with ASD, and as such, we recommend orientation and special training for teachers, the provision of resources for effective child inclusion, and the creation of ASD awareness during the training of pre-school teachers.

Patterns of utilization of advanced practice providers in reproductive endocrinology: a 2023 national survey

ObjectiveTo evaluate the current utilization of advanced practice providers (APPs) within the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI). DesignCross sectional. SubjectsA total of 201 APPs surveyed through the American Society of Reproductive Medicine APP Professional Group. ExposureAnonymized online survey. Main Outcome MeasuresDemographics, scope of practice and responsibilities, and training and onboarding. ResultsRespondents were primarily Family Nurse Practitioners (FNPs, 26.4%), Women’s Health Nurse Practitioners (WHNPs, 33.3%), or Physician Associates (PAs, 29.8%). Two-thirds (67.4%) reported that their scope of practice is limited by their employer or practice, 43.5% by state restrictions, and 25.2% by insurance. Survey respondents reported that 44.4% of their time at work is dedicated to performing procedures and scans and 30.6% to conducting consults and follow-ups. The most commonly reported duties were physical exams (88.6%), intrauterine inseminations (IUI; 86.6%), saline sonohysterograms (79.6%), endometrial biopsies (76.6%), ultrasounds (74.6%), and problem visits such as for pain, cysts, and bleeding (73.1%). The majority of survey respondents (61.7%) reported having autonomy in deciding protocols and treatment options for patients in their practice. Respondents described their onboarding training as including observation/on-the-job training (94.0%), independent reading of texts and journals (66.7%), ASRM online courses (45.3%), formal orientation (34.8%), and practice-organized training programs (29.4%). ConclusionsAPPs are highly trained members of the care team, but continue to be underutilized within the field of REI. Improvements in educational resources and/or use of a formalized program to train APPs to their full scope of practice may help increase clinic efficiency and improve patient access to care.

Annual board orientation training helps new and old board members alike

Annual board orientation training helps new and old board members alike

Assessing and Enhancing the Adequacy of Radiology Request Forms at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sudan: A Clinical Audit.

Clinical auditing is one method of improving the quality of patient care. Radiology request forms (RRFs) are crucial for the purpose of facilitating communication between the radiologist or radiographer and the referring clinician. A two-cycle clinical audit was conducted at the Radiology Department of Atbara Police Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. A total of 100 forms were collected, with 50 forms from each cycle. As an intervention, the existing blank paper format for radiology requests was replaced with a structured form based on the standards of the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR). This new form was distributed hospital-wide, and doctors were educated on its use through presentations and briefings. The collected forms were then compared against the RCR standards for completeness and accuracy. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 for analysis. The interventions led to notable improvements in several areas. Accuracy in recording the patient's address, phone number, and location increased from 0 (0%) in the first cycle to 50 (100%) in the second cycle, marking a 100% improvement. In addition, referencing the patient's age improved from 15 (30%) in the first cycle to 50 (100%) in the second cycle, indicating a 70% increase. The mean score for RRF documentation was 25.33% in the first cycle and significantly increased to 97.77% in the second cycle. The audit shows significant improvement in RRFs post-intervention, highlighting the importance of standardization. However, deficiencies point to the need for orientation and follow-up training for physicians to ensure accurate form completion. Integrating quality assurance, including periodic audits and real-time feedback, can help sustain these gains. Collaboration between radiologists and referring physicians is also essential for ongoing improvement.

Pre-Harvest Losses and Strategies Adopted by Plantain Farmers in Mitigating Them in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The study examined the pre-harvest losses and strategies adopted by plantain farmers in mitigating them in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to identify causes of pre-harvest losses and evaluate strategies adopted by plantain farmers in mitigating pre-harvest losses. Five (5) Local Government Areas (Yenagoa, Ogbia, Kolokuma-Opokuma, Sagbama, and Southern Ijaw) were purposefully selected using a multi-stage sample technique. These LGAs were selected based on the predominance of commercial plantain producers in each of the five (6) villages within each LGA. Additionally, there are eight (8) plantain farmers in each village, for a total of 240 plantain farmers. A structured questionnaire was employed to extract the necessary data from the selected farmers. The result indicates that theft, pest, flood, diseases and logging were the major causes identified affecting pre-harvest losses of plantain in the study area. Furthermore, planting of permanent crops as blockade, use of flood free zones for cultivation, use of improved varieties of sucker, practice of integrated pest management technique, better extension services and cultivating dwarfish breeds were strategies employed by plantain farmers to reduce pre-harvest losses. The recommendations made in light of the findings were for farmers to receive appropriate orientation and/or fundamental training in important farm management techniques, with a focus on plantain production pre-harvest losses. They will become more profitable as a result and become more effective.

Relevance of the Socialization Process in the Brazilian Public Sector: A Review

This article explores the socialization process in companies through an extensive literature review. Socialization refers to how new employees are integrated into the company culture. This process can take many forms, including orientation sessions, training programs, mentorship arrangements, and team-building activities. The primary goal of socialization is to help new employees understand the company's values, goals, and expectations. Additionally, it aims to facilitate building relationships with colleagues. In conclusion, a successful socialization process can lead to greater job satisfaction, increased productivity, and stronger team cohesion, which is helpful to scholars, human resource managers, and other practitioners.

Influence of spatial orientation training in a centrifuge on the ability of fighter pilots to assess the bank angle during flight without visual references.

Without visual references, nonpilots exposed to coordinated flight turns underestimate the bank angle, because of discordant information of the roll-angular displacement from the otoliths, consistently signaling vertical position, versus the semicircular canals, enabling detection of the displacement. Pilots may also use their ability to perceive the G load and knowledge of the relation between load and angle to assess the bank angle. Our aim was to investigate whether the perception of bank angle can be improved by spatial orientation training in a centrifuge. Sixteen pilots/pilot students assessed their roll tilt, in complete darkness, during both real coordinated flight turns and gondola centrifugation, at roll tilts of 30° and 60°. The experiments were repeated after a 3-wk period, during which eight of the subjects performed nine training sessions in the centrifuge, comprising feedback on roll angle vs. G load, and on indicating requested angles. Before training, the subjects perceived in the aircraft and centrifuge, respectively: 37 (17)°, 38 (14)° during 60° turns and 19 (12)°, 20 (10)° during 30° turns. Training improved the perception of angle during the 60° [to 60 (7)°, 55 (10)°; P ≤ 0.04] but not the 30° [21 (10)°, 15 (9)°; P ≥ 0.30] turns; the improvement disappeared within 2 yr after training. Angle assessments did not change in the untrained group. The results suggest that it is possible to, in a centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements. The transient training effect is attributable to improved capacity to perceive and translate G load into roll angle and/or to increased reliance on semicircular canal signals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spatial disorientation is a major problem in aviation. When performing coordinated flight turns without external visual cues (e.g., flying in clouds or darkness), the pilot underestimates the aircraft bank angle because the vestibular system provides unreliable information of roll tilt. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to, in a long-arm centrifuge, train a pilot's ability to perceive large but not discrete-to-moderate roll-angular displacements.

A Qualitative Insight into Pre-Departure Orientation Training for Aspiring Nepalese Migrant Workers.

Pre-departure orientation training (PDOT) can help equip aspiring migrant workers with skills and knowledge to mitigate vulnerabilities throughout their migration journey, including health. In Nepal, PDOT has been mandatory since 2004 for migrant workers awaiting labour permits. The current PDOT programme includes country-specific information as well as health and well-being advice. However, the views of trainees and trainers on PDOT are largely unknown. This qualitative study aims to explore perceptions of migrant workers and relevant stakeholders on the content and delivery of PDOT. Six focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews were conducted with migrants, and eight interviews with key stakeholders were conducted. Thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (a) PDOT structure, accessibility, and implementation; (b) role of stakeholders in labour migration process; (c) coordination and governance; (d) curriculum development and relevance; and (e) capacity of trainers and effectiveness of training. Our findings emphasise the need for a more tailored curriculum with relevant information, education, and communication resources, possibly with input from former migrant workers. Regular updates of training topics and resources, as well as continued engagement with migrants after their employment, are essential for meeting the dynamic demands of the global employment market.

Challenges encountered by Students With Visual Impairment in Accessing Orientation and Mobility Training

Challenges encountered by Students With Visual Impairment in Accessing Orientation and Mobility Training

The Application of Distance Education Technology in Standardized Training of Resident Physicians in Primary Orientation Training

This paper explores the application of distance education technology in standardized training of resident physicians in primary orientation training. With the rapid development and popularization of distance education technology, the special needs faced by primary medical institutions in resident physician training are becoming increasingly prominent. By analyzing the current application state, it is found that distance education technology can effectively promote the sharing of high-quality educational resources, improve the flexibility and coverage of training, moreover, it also faces challenges such as technological equipment limitations and insufficient teacher-student interaction. To optimize the application effect, this paper proposes strategies such as strengthening technical support, optimizing teaching content and form, and establishing a sound training effect evaluation system. This study not only helps to improve the training quality of primary resident physicians, but also has important significance for improving the level of primary medical services. Looking to the future, distance education technology will play a greater role in the training of primary resident physicians, which is of great significance for improving the level of primary medical services.

Analysis of the Current Situation and Optimization Strategies of Surgical Skill Training of Primary Orientation Training Residents

This paper analyzed the current situation of surgical skills training of grassroots orientation training residents, and found that there are deficiencies in training contents, faculty allocation, resource allocation and training evaluation. Given these problems, optimization strategies such as improving the training system, strengthening faculty, optimizing resource allocation and improving training evaluation are proposed. By strengthening the combination of theory and practice, improving the teaching ability of faculty, rationally utilizing and allocating resources, and building scientific evaluation system, the study aims to improve the surgical skills of primary care residents and enhance the service quality of medical care. This study provides valuable references for the talent training of primary medical and is of great significance in promoting the balanced development of primary medical care.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AMONG PROPONENTS OF ORGANIC AND NON-ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES

The adverse repercussions of agrochemicals, prevalent during the Green Revolution, alongside heightened awareness regarding health and environmental concerns, have propelled organic farming to the forefront as a prominent sustainable agricultural method. Various governmental and state- sponsored initiatives in India aim to foster the adoption of organic farming among farmers, exemplified by programmes such as the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana. Within the context of a study conducted with the aim to compare the attributes of the farmers in four blocks of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, in 2021-22, encompassing farmers practicing both organic and non-organic farming, significant disparities across eighteen variables were observed through applying Z test. Notably, seven variables, including farm size, livestock possession, information sources, innovativeness, training in organic farming, environmental orientation and attitude towards organic farming, exhibited positive significant differences between the two groups, necessitating targeted policy interventions to further incentivize organic farming adoption whereas four variables i.e. scientific orientation, risk orientation, market perception and decision making ability had revealed negative significant difference.

Feasibility of telerehabilitation to address the orientation and mobility needs of individuals with visual impairment: perspectives of current guide dog users

Orientation and Mobility (O&M) training, including guide dog services, is crucial for individuals with low vision and blindness to attain independent travel. While teleassistance has proven effective for navigation and communication, telerehabilitation in O&M remains unexplored. Objective To assess guide dog users’ perspectives on the feasibility of telerehabilitation for their O&M needs. Method An online survey gathered insights from 56 guide dog (GD) users (Mean age = 59, Mean GD used = 4, Mean duration of use = 22 years). Thirteen GD users further participated in interviews or focus groups to explore survey responses. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Findings Most (40) were blind, and 16 had low vision, with intermediate (25) and advanced (25) communication technology proficiency. Most GD users (46) underwent residential training, and 10 received one-on-one visits. Qualitative analysis revealed acceptance of telerehabilitation services, citing accessibility as an advantage. However, GD users expressed concerns about safety, potential loss of behavioral observation, and social contact loss. Success depended on the type of technology, service type, and personal attributes. Conclusion While feasible, telerehabilitation services may not be universally suitable for all training stages. Flexibility and applicability in service design are necessary to accommodate individual preferences and experience levels.

Exploring views on praxis possibilities of multilingualism in university literacy pedagogies

Background: South African literacy-as-social-practice theoreticians, language-in-education experts, educational linguists, and language policies advocate multilingual pedagogies to acknowledge and cater to diverse multilingual learners’ literacy development. Universities purport multilingualism to provide for the multilingual norm, students’ literacy, and educational development, as scholarship shows that multilingualism benefits academia and literacy education. Yet, these universities remain locations for monolingual and epistemological biases. Concerns about such praxis pretensions in pluralistic literacy education and the failures in literacy-as-social-practice strategies have been raised. However, the perceptions of lecturers and students on their role in implementing desirable praxis in multilingual literacy education are under-researched.Objectives: This qualitative study explores lecturers’ and students’ perceptions and their impact on practising linguistic plurality in literacy for educational development schemes.Method: The research uses in-depth individual and focus-group interviews with four lecturers and four first-year undergraduate students at a selected linguistically diverse university. An interpretivist paradigm was applied consisting of participants’ subjective experiences as members of a higher education institution (HEI).Results: Findings reveal that lecturers have difficulty coping with multiple languages due to inadequate training and misconceptions about multilingualism, and monolingual pedagogy perceptions carried over from their institutions whose culture denies students’ linguistic plurality.Conclusion: The study demonstrates the importance of shifts in epistemological orientation and adequate training, focused on multilingualism, to develop versatile and agile lecturers equipped for multilingual universities.Contribution: This research contributes to understanding the complex implementation problems regarding multilingual literacy education and possible solutions. It postulates new ways of forging multilingual literacy practices to erase praxis morbidity.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Handwriting among Grade Five Learners in Selected Public Primary Schools of Mongu District, Zambia

The study sought to establish factors influencing quality of handwriting among grade 5 learners in six selected public primary schools of Mongu district. Eleven (1 male and 10 females) grade five teachers and 60 grade five learners were purposely sampled for the study. The study employed a qualitative research design and used interviews and document analysis techniques to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data through the process of theme coding. The results revealed that the quality of handwriting among fifth graders was generally poor and below their grade level. The factors that influenced poor quality handwriting were: overcrowded classrooms leading to shortfall of desks, inadequate infrastructure, lack of handwriting teaching and learning resources, insufficient time allocated to handwriting, inadequate pre-service teacher training and lack of in-service orientation or Continuous Professional Development (CPD) opportunities on handwriting, lack of assessment and inadequate remediation policies, inadequate teacher knowledge in teaching handwriting skills and other writing instructional strategies, teachers’ own poor handwriting and teachers’ negative attitude towards teaching handwriting. Other factors included learners’ learning disabilities, learner absenteeism and lack of parental support. The implication of the study is that handwriting needs to be time tabled on official teaching schedule and teachers should use explicit instruction to teach handwriting to learners.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Handwriting among Grade Five Learners in Selected Public Primary Schools of Mongu District, Zambia

The study sought to establish factors influencing quality of handwriting among grade 5 learners in six selected public primary schools of Mongu district. Eleven (1 male and 10 females) grade five teachers and 60 grade five learners were purposely sampled for the study. The study employed a qualitative research design and used interviews and document analysis techniques to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data through the process of theme coding. The results revealed that the quality of handwriting among fifth graders was generally poor and below their grade level. The factors that influenced poor quality handwriting were: overcrowded classrooms leading to shortfall of desks, inadequate infrastructure, lack of handwriting teaching and learning resources, insufficient time allocated to handwriting, inadequate pre-service teacher training and lack of in-service orientation or Continuous Professional Development (CPD) opportunities on handwriting, lack of assessment and inadequate remediation policies, inadequate teacher knowledge in teaching handwriting skills and other writing instructional strategies, teachers’ own poor handwriting and teachers’ negative attitude towards teaching handwriting. Other factors included learners’ learning disabilities, learner absenteeism and lack of parental support. The implication of the study is that handwriting needs to be time tabled on official teaching schedule and teachers should use explicit instruction to teach handwriting to learners.