Parental Orientation Research Articles

Desenvolvimento da linguagem de crianças prematuras extremas ao nascimento: orientação aos pais

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the linguistic development of extremely premature children at birth, through the Initial Speech and Language Acquisition Scale, and to verify the knowledge of these children's parents about language. Methods: the study included 21 parents of extremely premature children at birth. A booklet on the development of children's language and a questionnaire was prepared for the study, in order to investigate the efficiency of guidance to parents. Initially, the children were assessed using the Initial Speech and Language Acquisition Scale, and then, the parents received oral guidance on how to stimulate their children's language. Therefore, the questionnaire was applied to verify the impact of the guidelines on their knowledge. The data obtained through the scale were related to the answers obtained through the questionnaire applied to the parents, through descriptive percentages and Mann-Whitney test, with p<0.05. Results: most of the children performed as expected for their age in the evaluated aspects. The questionnaire showed that most parents had guidance on the general development of their children, but only half of them had knowledge about language. All participants felt contemplated with the educational material. Conclusion: despite the extreme prematurity, most children performed as expected for their age in terms of language, and parents had moderate knowledge on language.

Teacher Interaction with Adolescents’ Parents in Condition of Current Situation of Child Development

This article presents an analysis of the problem of interaction between teachers and parents of adolescents: contradictions of the current situation of childhood development are revealed, the values-based orientations of modern teachers, parents, and adolescents are determined. Based on the synthesis of ideas of environmental and activity-based methodological approaches, strategies of cooperation between teachers and parents, the sequence of actions of a teacher to ensure positive socialization of a teenager are proposed: identification of difficulties of socialization, design of the educational environment, organization of activities for the development of psychological and pedagogical competence of parents.

Parental Challenges and the Performance of the Primary Pupils Under Modular Distance Learning Delivery: An Input to Proposed Parental Orientation Guide

The study focused on determining the challenges of the parents in modular distance learning in new normal education and developing a parental orientation guide to help the parents in addressing the difficulties they are encountering in the new normal. The sequential explanatory mixed method research was utilized as an approach. There are 388 respondents who were chosen to answer through an online survey questionnaire and selected 10 participants were chosen through purposive sampling by which the participants share common experiences. The findings revealed a significant relationship between parental challenges in terms of instructional, personal, and parental involvement and the performance of the learners. The personal challenges predict singly and in combination with learning in a virtual setting the performance of the learners. There are suggested recommendations based on the results of the study, such as they may be equally prepared to educate their children at home even they are busy with their different schedules, may strengthen the collaborative work between the school and families through parent-teacher meetings, close monitoring, and facilitation that could encourage children to read. The themes that emerged from the testimonies of the participants were clustered into superordinate themes: (1) Why Can’t I Focus on Flexitime, (2) Parental Time Constraints, (3) Driven to Teach, (5) Compelled to Learn, (6) A Unique Child: Mood Setting, (7) The Power of Patience.

Effect of Orientation Selection Scheme of Nucleus on Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization: Analysis with Multiscale Modeling Approach

Effect of crystallographic orientation of nucleus on discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) behavior in 304LN stainless steel is investigated using a multiscale model, namely a coupled crystal plasticity finite element method and DDRX-based cellular automata model. The three orientation selection schemes of nucleus are specially exploited in the simulation; i.e., (1) random orientation, (2) inheritance of orientation of parent deformed grain, and (3) generalized strain energy release maximization theory. The DDRX behaviors such as flow stress, DDRX volume fraction, grain size, and texture predicted by the three schemes are compared and the differences are explained through the simulated microstructure evolutions. This study suggests that it is reasonable to assign a random orientation to the nucleus through comparisons with experimental evidence.

“Like Walking Them to the Bus Stop, and Then They Still Miss the Bus”

This qualitative descriptive study explored elementary teachers’ virtual teaching experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from four participants through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. An inductive content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the interactions between teachers and students in the virtual environment were limited. The learning outcomes of virtual teaching in the elementary classroom fell short due to the students’ copy-and-paste culture, too much help from their parents, and an unconducive learning environment at home. This study suggests that elementary teachers need professional development in pedagogical and technological knowledge to effectively teach in a virtual setting. Further, parental orientation is essential to make the parents cooperative and aware of their children’s virtual learning.

Development of a survey measuring parental physical activity support in parents of children with disabilities

Purpose The purposes of the current study were to develop a questionnaire to measure parental physical activity (PA) support in parents of children with disabilities and to examine factors associated with parental PA support. Materials and Methods A questionnaire measuring parental PA support in parents of children with disabilities (PPSQ for PCD), consisting of three constructs (encouragement, co-PA, and logistic support) with 19 items, was initially developed and evaluated by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Three independent multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between the three constructs and parental PA orientation variables. Results With the item deletion approach, the final model with 12 items (four items in each construct) was developed, which revealed an excellent model fit ( [df = 51, p = .008], CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.94. RMSEA = 0.05). The multiple regression analyses revealed that parental orientation variables were differently associated with each construct of the PPSQ for PCD. Conclusions The PPSQ for PCD consists of three constructs, differently associated with parental orientation variables. This questionnaire can be used as an instrument to assess parental PA support. Implications for Rehabilitation The Parental Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) can be used to assess parental physical activity support in parents of children with disabilities. The PPAQ measures three constructs (i.e., types) of parental physical activity support including encouragement, co-physical activity, and logistic support. Parental physical activity orientations (e.g., importance, enjoyment, and behavior) are differently associated with each construct of parental physical activity support.

Interventive psychodiagnosis of children through online orientation of parents in a University Clinical Practice in Brazil: an alternative for underserved populations during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionA private university in Santos offers a free psychological service for assessing and intervening in chilhood psychological problems through a internship program which had to be delivered online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The interns were only allowed to attend their parents online, instead of their children.ObjectivesEvaluating this new online service is the aim of this work.Methods 24 parents of 34 children aged 4-10 years were attended by pairs or trios of 52 interns. The were modules made up of assessment, intervention and feedback, using different instruments such as interviews, screening questionnaires and the observation of 5-minute free play in domestic environment and of a family collage through a video recorded by parents. Feedback and intervention happened in various moments. The interns created a storybook using metaphoric narrative as a feedback tool in which a synthesis of the psychodiagnostic process and orientation was presented to the children.ResultsThere was progress and decrease or elimination of symptons in 19 of the 34 children. Among the children who did not improve, one of them did not present any difficulties; 7 of them had many absences and the other 7 were referred to further assessment for reasons related to the complexity of their difficulties or a probable unsuitability of the online orientation.ConclusionsThe orientation was helpful for 55,89% of the children, showing to be a valid alternative for families who do not have financial resources for attending private clinics or fail to access public health services or even during social distance measures.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

The Role of Parent Phase Topology in Double Young–Kurdjumow–Sachs Variant Selection during Phase Transformation in Low-Carbon Steels

The present paper investigates the role of parent phase topology on a crystallographic variant selection rule. This rule assumes that product phase nuclei appear at certain grain boundaries in the parent structure, such that a specific crystallographic orientation relationship is observed with both parent grains at either side of the grain boundary. The specific crystallographic orientation correspondence considered here is the Young–Kurdjumow–Sachs (YKS) orientation relationship <112>90° (which exhibits 24 symmetrical equivalents). The aforementioned relationship is characteristic of phase transformations in low-carbon steel grades. It is shown that, for different parent phase textures, ~20% of the grain boundaries comply with the double YKS condition allowing for a tolerance of 5°, ignoring the presence of topology in the parent phase microstructure. The presented model allows for connecting the presence of a specific parent phase topology with the condition of the double YKS variant selection rule in a number of practical cases: (i) for hot rolled Ti–Interstitial Free (IF) steel with and without Mn addition, (ii) for cold rolled IF steel exhibiting very strong texture memory after forward and reverse α ⇌ γ phase transformation and (iii) for a martensitic transformation in a Fe–8.5% Cr steel. It is shown that the double YKS variant selection criterion may explain several specific features of the observed transformation textures, while assuming a non-correlated arbitrary pair topology of the parent austenite structure (implying that for N parent orientations N/2 pairs are selected in an arbitrary manner).

A meta-analysis examining the relationship between parents’ sexual orientation and children's developmental outcomes

ABSTRACT Despite the Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Supreme Court decision allowing same-sex marriage, the current political climate has emboldened state legislatures in the United States to push for anti-LGBTQ adoption legislation, some citing that LGBTQ couples have a negative effect on children. This meta-analysis synthesized data from 32 studies on 6 developmental outcomes (child gender role behaviour, gender identity, sexual orientation, cognitive function, psychological adjustment, and quality of parent–child relationship). The overall effect size of having same-sex parents on the developmental outcomes of the children was positive and significantly different from that of heterosexual parents. Moderator analyses found that location, socioeconomic status, type of relationship, date of publication, and the child's sexual preference were significant. We provide implications for practitioners and policy, as well as recommendations for future research in this area.

Agency, linked lives and historical time: evidence from the longitudinal three-generation Youth Development Study.

Whereas Glen Elder and associates' principles of the life course are usually articulated and investigated individually, they reference analytic distinctions that simplify their empirical coexistence and mutual interrelation. This article illustrates this complexity by focusing on the principle of agency and its intersections with 'linked lives' and 'time and place'. Data are drawn from the Youth Development Study (YDS), which has followed a Minnesota cohort (G2, born 1973-74) from mid-adolescence (ages 14-15) to midlife (ages 45-46). The YDS also includes G1 parents and G3 children, the latter surveyed at about the same age as their parents were when the research began. The findings indicate that multiple agentic orientations, observed in adolescence, affect adult attainments; they are shaped by the 'linked lives' of grandparents, parents and children over longer periods of time than previously recognised; and their associations with educational achievement are historically specific. Whereas the 'linked lives' of parents and adolescents are generally studied contemporaneously, the agentic orientations of parents, measured as teenagers, were found to predict the same psychological resources in their adolescent children (self-concept of ability, optimism and economic efficacy) decades later. We also found evidence that parents' occupational values continue to influence the values of their children as the children's biographies unfold. Suggesting a historic shift in the very meaning and behavioural consequences of agentic orientations, optimism and efficacy replaced educational ambition as significant predictors of academic achievement.

The variant graph approach to improved parent grain reconstruction

The variant graph is a new, hybrid algorithm that combines the strengths of established global grain graph and local neighbor level voting approaches, while alleviating their shortcomings, to reconstruct parent grains from orientation maps of partially or fully phase-transformed microstructures. The variant graph algorithm is versatile and is capable of reconstructing transformation microstructures from any parent-child combination by clustering together child grains based on a common parent orientation variant. The main advantage of the variant graph over the grain graph is its inherent ability to more accurately detect prior austenite grain boundaries.A critical examination of Markovian clustering and neighbor level voting as methods to reconstruct prior austenite orientations is first conducted. Following this, the performance of the variant graph algorithm is showcased by reconstructing the prior austenite grains and boundaries from an example low-carbon lath martensite steel microstructure. Programmatic extensions to the variant graph algorithm for specific morphological conditions and the merging of variants with small mutual disorientation angles are also proposed. The accuracy of the reconstruction and the computational performance of the variant graph algorithm is either on-par or outperforms alternate methods for parent grain reconstruction.The variant graph algorithm is implemented as a new addition to the functionalities for phase transformation analysis in MTEX 5.8 and is freely available for download by the community.

Domain structure of pseudosymmetric η″-ordered Cu6Sn5 by EBSD analysis

Cu6Sn5 is the most prominent intermetallic developing e.g. in solder joints between a Cu-based conductor material and a Sn-based solder. Mechanical reliability issues connected with the intermetallic are a strong driving force to better understand phase-transformation processes involving the intermetallic. In the present work, it is shown for the first time that upon ordering of the Cu-rich Cu6Sn5 intermetallic, the disordered η phase transforms into the monoclinic η′′ phase with a characteristic twin-domain microstructure consisting of up to 6 different domain orientations per η parent orientation. It is demonstrated how a detailed Kikuchi diffraction pattern analysis in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) can be used to investigate the domain microstructure. While the conventional EBSD analysis based on the Hough-transform failed to adequately identify the correct domain orientations, a simulation-based Kikuchi diffraction pattern matching approach is shown to be sensitive to the characteristic positions of those Kikuchi bands which change due to the different monoclinic ordering of the domains. The pattern matching approach explicitly makes use of the subtle intensity contributions from the Kikuchi bands from ordering and that the barely detectable amount of lattice distortion does not have to be the decisive discriminator. Since the ordering can be expected to reduce the ductility of the relatively brittle Cu6Sn5 intermetallic, the current results provide a basis to reveal more details of possible damage mechanisms of the monoclinic η′′ domain microstructure in comparison with the disordered state.

Modern foreign language learning: exploring the possible impact of parental experiences on student motivation

ABSTRACT Purpose This present paper draws on a doctoral study which provides an innovative insight into the extent to which parents influence their child’s motivation to learn a foreign language. Methodology An exploratory methodology was adopted to approach this study from multiple angles, using a sequential mixed-methods research design. A questionnaire, co-created by a professional community of practice, was administered to parents (n = 107) and children (n = 495) in four secondary schools in the wider West Midlands conurbation. This was followed by semi-structured dyadic interviews with six sets of parents and their children (n = 12). This gave a rounded view of parental orientations towards language learning and how this could impact their child’s motivation. Findings Quantitative analysis shows that there are strong, positive correlations between parent and child data for five of the six motivation constructs. Linear regression shows that parental level of general education has a statistically significant impact on four student motivation constructs. Results from the qualitative analysis show that parents were largely indifferent, with mixed experiences of language learning. Parents were also cognisant of issues surrounding the availability of different language options and possible timetabling constraints which impact the flexibility for children to choose a language. Originality The present study is innovative through its inclusion of parental views towards learning a foreign language. Its research design paves the way for a widening of methodologies through the use of mixed methods to explore these orientations in greater detail as well as drawing on a professional community of practice as a partner in the research process.

Segregation-driven exceptional twin-boundary strengthening in lean Mg–Zn–Ca alloys

Twinning-mediated plasticity in hexagonal close-packed crystal structures offers great potential for achieving lean Mg-based alloys with high strength and extended ductility. Micropillars from a lean MgZn1 Ca0.3 (ZX10, in wt%) alloy and pure Mg, each comprising one or more pre-existing {101¯2}<1¯011> extension twin boundaries and a parent orientation with its c-axis perpendicular to the loading direction, were subjected to in situ micropillar compression. By means of correlative characterization using transmission electron backscattered diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, we assesed the effects of Zn and Ca solutes on micropillar deformation and on the response of pre-existing twin-boundaries to applied stress. In ZX10, both Zn and Ca solutes periodically segregate at the pre-existing extension twin boundaries, giving rise to a strengthening increment by about 300% compared to pure Mg, along with ductility enhancement. Due to segregation, the twin boundaries remain immobile throughout the deformation process, playing a critical role both in non-basal slip and twin-nucleation events. The former is facilitated by the formation of stable I1 stacking faults, while the latter is stimulated by active <c+a> slip across the pinned twin interface. In contrast, the pure Mg micropillars respond by massive twin growth followed by higher-order twinning events and profuse basal slip. In the absence of non-basal slip, pure Mg exhibits an earlier onset to failure due to shear incompatibility at the twin interface. The findings provide new insights into the role of solute Zn and Ca in stabilizing twinned microstructures for achieving synergistic strength-ductility enhancement in lean Mg alloys.

Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review

Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families; however, parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats, such as the distance treatment. This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions. Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO, using the key words: sleep problems, insomnia, nighttime fears, behavioral intervention, behavioral treatment, treatment, intervention, sleep, behavior, child, children, infant, mobile phones, smartphone, app, telephone, online, internet, bibliotherapy. We included 14 studies. The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks, the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines, and semipresential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent. Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions. Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep, and secondary results (parental sleep and/or mental health) were also reported among studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising, but future research is still needed

Položaj i prava deteta u istopolnoj zajednici - evropsko pravo i praksa

Parental rights are obviously the most controversial issue in the legal regulation of same-sex unions. This is one of the challenges facing the Republic of Serbia at this moment and which needs to be comprehensively considered in order to meet the announced legal regulation of same-sex unions, and this work is directed towards that goal. The focus of the paper is not the discussion about how the sexual orientation of parents affects the quality of parenting and the well-being of children and whether the sexual identity of parents is an important factor in effective parenting. This work is the result of research on how in the European legal area, in the member states of the Council of Europe and the European Union, which have legally regulated same-sex unions, the principles of equality, the rule of law, and the best interests of the child are reflected on the legal position of children and the enjoyment of rights arising from family life. In addition to the various points of view presented in the legal literature, the paper presents key positions and the latest decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice, which have specific implications for the need to harmonize internal regulations and legal practice in the member states, and a critical review of jurisprudence is given of certain foreign courts of the highest rank in cases whose outcomes can significantly influence the change of doctrines in the judicial practice of those countries, but also as an inspiration to other legal systems.

Trends in Integrated Islamic Schools in Rural Areas: Background and Parent's Orientation in Choosing SDIT as an Alternative to Elementary Schools in Boyolali

&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study aimed to explain the trend shifting of elementary schools in the Boyolali District. Some of the questions that would be answered through this research were: 1) Why did SDIT become a trend in rural areas? 2) What were the motives and orientations of parents in choosing SDIT as an alternative primary school for their children? The study of this theme was conducted using a qualitative research approach. Data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The data obtained were then processed and analyzed in six stages: transcribing the interview data, labeling all the data obtained, categorizing the data into cognate themes, narrating the data by comparing and contrasting, interpreting the data, and finally drawing conclusions. The results of this study found two main conclusions: 1) The development of SDIT trends in Boyolali was directly proportional to the increasing of the religious awareness of the community, which was driven by the massive development of socio-religious foundations representing various theological concepts, where the foundations felt that they needed to establish Islamic schools as media to regenerate and maintain the continuity of their respective theological concepts. 2) Beside that, not only the theological and academic factors (quality of education), but also the economic and the children's independence factors were the motives and orientations of parents in determining the choice of primary school for their children.&lt;/p&gt;

For Modern Children

For Modern Children

Forms of Parental Participation in Education in Different Types of Schools

This study focuses on parental strategies and practices in different types of schools. Special attention is paid to schools operating in adverse socio-economic conditions, which are capable of performing well. The data source is a survey of 3,887 parents whose children attend general educational institutions. The analysis of the school’s socio-economic conditions level was based on a survey of 1,236 principals. The authors applied a latent class analysis to the classification of parents by their involvement in the school life and education process of their children. There are three parental involvement types, namely “Guardians”, “Supervisors”, and “Invisibles”. The defined types of parental involvement in education and specific types of parental activities were juxtaposed with four groups of schools, such as unsuccessful, resilient, failing, and effective schools. The ratio of each category depends on the stage of the educational process, i.e. the age of a child, and at the same time is related to parents’ level of education. The “Guardians” category predominates in schools operating in challenging educational environments. A extra analysis of specific parental actions in different types of schools showed that those parents, whose children attend resilient schools, are characterized by a strategic orientation, manifesting in a utmost focus on the educational achievements of their children. Strategic orientation of parents, interested in their children’s education and their educational results, is one of the most important factors determining the success of schools operating in challenging educational environments. The school’s educational policy influences the choice of parental strategy. At the same time, parental participation contributes to improving the school climate and establishing communication between the family and school. These results are useful for schools and educational administrators because focusing on academic achievements helps parents support their children in this situation.

Failure Mechanisms of GFRP Scarf Joints under Tensile Load.

A potential repair alternative to restoring the mechanical properties of lightweight fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) structures is to locally patch these areas with scarf joints. The effects of such repair methods on the structural integrity, however, are still largely unknown. In this paper, the mechanical property restoration, failure mechanism, and influence of fiber orientation mismatch between parent and repair materials of 1:50 scarf joints are studied on monolithic glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) specimens under tensile load. Two different parent orientations of [−45/+45]2S and [0/90]2S are exemplarily examined, and control specimens are taken as a baseline for the tensile strength and stiffness property recovery assessment. Using a layer-wise stress analysis with finite element simulations conducted with ANSYS Composite PrepPost to support the experimental investigation, the fiber orientation with respect to load direction is shown to affect the critical regions and thereby failure mechanism of the scarf joint specimens.