Effect Of Orientation Research Articles

Enhanced Thermal Conductivity in Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomer Vitrimer Composite Foams via Cell Growth-Induced Orientation and Lap of Hybrid Fillers

Lightweight thermal conductive polymer foams own a great potential application in some weight sensitive fields such as aerospace and encapsulation. Herein, the enhancement of thermal conductivity of thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE) vitrimer composites foams caused by cell growth inducing fillers orientation and lap was investigated with hybrid fillers of fixed 15 vol.% h-BN and various SiC nanowires. First, the hybrid fillers orientation in TPEE vitrimer composites (TVC) characterized by SEM and XRD patterns showed that the hybrid fillers were induced to be through-plane orientation and no interfacial defects were observed owing to the increasing contact area among fillers caused by large specific area and length of SiC nanowires. Based on that, cells were generated into TVC through scCO2 foaming. The effect of through-plane orientation and lap of hybrid fillers caused by cell growth of different cell structures on the thermal conductivity of TVC foams was investigated using extended Hashin-Shtrikman model and Maxwell-Eucken I model. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of TVC foams could greatly be enhanced to be higher than that of TVC by cell growth of continuous cell structures as it contributed to the through-plane orientation and lap of hybrid fillers to increase the contact and lap ratio among fillers. Thereby, the thermal conductive networks favorable to heat transfer were constructed in TVC foams to enhance the thermal conductivity as well as merit of lightweight.

The effect of crystallographic orientation on globularization and texture evolution during the annealing of a near α titanium alloy tube

In order to weaken the rolling texture of the cold-rolled tube and improve its secondary forming ability, this paper studies the influence mechanism of different annealing times on the microstructure and texture evolution of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo tube after intermediate-temperature annealing. The results show that as the annealing time increases from 30minutes to 120minutes, the degree of globularization of α/β phases significantly increases. The globularized structure mainly consists of equiaxed α particles, which are surrounded by necklace-like globularized β phases. The original rolling texture component did not change after 30-minute annealing. The intensity of the rolling texture was weakened, and two new components appear after 120minutes of annealing. The appearance of these two components was caused by the growing up of globularized α phases close to the Burgers orientation relationship (BOR) with surrounding β phases during a long annealing process. Moreover, it was observed that globularization to some extent broke the BOR between α phase and the adjacent β phase.

Effect of printing parameters on impact energy absorption of additively manufactured hierarchical structures

Purpose This study aims to examine how the thickness of layers and printing speed impact the energy absorption capacity of honeycomb structures through drop-weight experiments. In addition, the effect of printing orientation on the resulting microstructure and mechanical performance was targeted to be examined. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, after manufacturing test specimens using fused deposition modeling technique with three distinct layer thicknesses (0.16 mm, 0.20 mm and 0.28 mm) and printing speeds (40 mm/min, 50 mm/min and 70 mm/min), drop weight tests were carried out. Then to see the effect of printing orientation on mechanical performance, three-point-bending tests were performed and damage mechanisms were comparatively examined through scanning electron microscopy. Findings An increase in layer thickness from 0.16 mm to 0.28 mm resulted in a notable 37% decrease in the impact resistance of the printed part. In addition, increasing the printing speed from 50 to 70 mm/min reduced the energy absorption capacity of the printed part by approximately 36.5%. Moreover, in terms of printing direction, transversely printed specimens showed 10% lower flexural strength than longitudinally printed specimens. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that internal defects were more prominent in transversely printed specimens, resulting in premature failure. Furthermore, delamination was also detected in transversely printed specimens as another damage mechanism accelerating material failure. Originality/value It is seen that the effect of printing parameters on the fundamental mechanical properties including tensile strength, strain at break, ductility and elastic modulus were studied by various researchers. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, the effect of printing speed and layer thickness on the energy absorption of polylactic acid based hexagonal honeycomb was not encountered. In addition, in-depth SEM analysis to discover the influence of printing direction significantly contributes to the literature.

Effect of nozzle configurations and jet orientations on thermal performance of jet impingement on convex surface

The present study analyze the thermal behaviour of multiple jets impinging on a convex heated surface for two different nozzle geometries (circular and elliptical) and its orientations. Tests are performed with 5 different nozzles at different values of non-dimensional nozzle to surface distance (z/d = 2–10) and Reynolds number (5000–28000). At smaller value of non-dimensional nozzle to plate distance, a distinct pattern of temperature variation is observed that depend on the nozzle shape and orientation, and this pattern diminishes as surface to nozzle distance increases. In the farthest region, elliptical nozzle is found to improve the uniformity (up to 60 %) in Nu variation compared to the circular jets even at the largest surface to nozzle distance. The overall heat transfer is found to increase up to 18 % and the uniformity is found to enhance up to 60 %) for N-2 and N-3 nozzles. An improvement in the thermal performance is observed in the elliptical nozzle in the fountain and impingement zones. The non-uniformity in the Nu behaviour is found to increase with the increase in Reynolds number.

GROWING AN INFORMAL DIGITAL MICRO-ENTERPRISE: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND SOCIAL CAPITAL

This research examines the effects of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) on informal sector digital micro-enterprise growth in developing countries and the moderating role of networking social capital. The majority of EO research on company growth has focused on registered traditional SMEs and larger enterprises in higher-income markets. A total of 248 informal online micro-enterprises from Senegal were studied. The findings show that IEO has distinct effects on informal digital microbusiness development. Individual risk-taking boosts digital micro-enterprise growth, whereas inventive behaviour hinders it. Proactiveness does not seem to increase growth. Different social capital’s moderating effects on IEO dimensions and online micro-enterprise growth are also found. This study is one of the first to examine individual entrepreneurial behaviour that may lead to the growth of informal digital micro-businesses and the differentiated role of SC. It has also expanded business contextualisation to better comprehend IEO in informal online micro-enterprises outside developed countries.

Effects of User Interface Orientation on Sense of Immersion in Augmented Reality

The sense of immersion provided by overlying computer-generated graphics over actual items is one of augmented reality’s distinguishing features. It is affected by multiple factors such as the user interface orientation in the virtual physical hybrid space. There have been many studies on realistic graphic rendering and multimodal interaction in augmented reality. Few studies, however, have systematically investigated the influence of the user interface orientations, more specifically the user-based orientation (UO) and object-based orientation (OO), on various aspects of immersion. We developed the UO and OO user interface prototypes and evaluated the sense of immersion in terms of engagement, engrossment, and overall immersion. The results showed that the user interface orientations in augmented reality had a significant influence on users’ perceived engagement and engrossment, whereas there was no significant difference in overall immersion. Particularly, compared to the OO user interfaces, the UO user interfaces exhibited higher perceived usability and slower focus of attention switching. Generalising implications for alternative augmented reality are provided.

Mediating effects of achievement goal orientation on the relationship between growth mindset and learning engagement in medical students: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Learning engagement is an important factor to improve the quality of medical education. Exploring the level of medical students' learning engagement and its internal mechanism is of practical significance to improve their academic achievement. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between achievement goal orientation, growth mindset and learning engagement of medical students, and explore the mediating effect of achievement goal orientation on growth mindset and learning engagement. A correlational cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted from February to March 2024 among 279 medical college students. General information questionnaire, the Mindsets Scale, Achievement Goal Orientation Scale and Learning Engagement Scale were used for investigation. Calculations were performed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences 27.0 and Mplus 7.0. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and mediation effect analyses were used to analyze the data. A total of 279 valid questionnaires were finally recovered. The learning engagement score of medical students was (56.17 ± 13.01), growth mindset score was (11.26 ± 3.37). The approach goal orientation played a partial mediating role between growth mindset and learning engagement in medical college students. Growth mindset can influence learning engagement through achievement goal orientation. Medical college educators should pay attention to the cultivation of students' growth mindset and enhance their learning engagement. The verification of the mediating effect of approach goal provides data support for formulating relevant intervention measures.

Family communication patterns, self-efficacy, and adolescent online prosocial behavior: a moderated mediation model

As technology has been developing by leaps and bounds, concerns regarding adolescent online behavioral patterns have garnered significant attention. Nevertheless, current research exhibits limitations in both perspective and depth. Consequently, this study introduces a moderated mediation model to investigate whether the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of emotional regulation strategies are valid in the relationship between family communication patterns and adolescent online prosocial behavior. A questionnaire survey encompassing 1183 adolescents across 12 schools in three cities of mainland China was conducted. The findings reveal that conversation orientation contributes to the augmentation of adolescents’ self-efficacy and online prosocial behavior, whereas conformity orientation follows a reversed trend. Furthermore, self-efficacy serves as a mediator in the relationship between conversation orientation and conformity orientation, influencing adolescent online prosocial behavior in both positive and negative manners. Additionally, this study underscores the significance of emotion regulation strategies; cognitive reappraisal not only reinforces the positive effects of conversation orientation, but also mitigates the adverse effects of conformity orientation, while expressive suppression demonstrates the inverse effect. This research yields a comprehensive and insightful understanding of adolescent online prosocial behavior, furnishing a valuable theoretical foundation for future research and practice in family education.

Effect of Primer and Fibre Orientation on Softwood–Hardwood Bonding

Softwood is widely employed in construction and faces high demand. Australia is grappling with substantial timber scarcity, specifically related to radiata pine, which is the dominant structural timber in the construction sector. However, Australia has a significant hardwood population, which can be utilized to reduce the high demand for radiata pine. This paper aims to investigate the bond properties of both Australian softwood (radiata pine) and hardwood (shining gum). It also discusses the potential to combine softwood and hardwood in glue or cross-laminated timber by evaluating the bond properties of the radiata pine–shining gum interface. For hardwood, the effect of primer is also investigated to determine its efficacy in improving failure mode, bond strength, and stiffness. Lastly, both glulam and cross-laminated timber bonding scenarios are simulated for bond testing by examining the effect of relative fibre orientation on the bond properties of the aforementioned species individually and in combination. Instead of conventional block shear testing, which is predominantly used for same-species bond testing, push-out testing is adopted in this study. However, a comparison with block shear testing is also made in this article. The results indicated that the use of primer on hardwood reduced the inconsistencies in the bond properties and improved wood-side failure rates. It was also concluded that the effect of fibre orientation in a CLT scenario with combined hardwood and softwood failure modes can vary significantly, which leads to a higher standard deviation in the results. Nevertheless, this study outlines the challenges and opportunities for producing hardwood–softwood hybrid glue or cross-laminated timber.

Board Gender Diversity and CSR Performance: Do Societal Harmony/Mastery Orientation and Cultural Tightness‐Looseness Matter?

AbstractThe purpose of this study is two‐fold: (1) to investigate the moderating effect of the cultural value orientation of harmony/mastery on the relationship between board gender diversity (BGD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance; and (2) to examine further whether cultural tightness amplifies the moderating effect of harmony/mastery orientation. Using a sample of 5135 firms across 25 countries during the period 2002–2021, our interaction model run with panel regression showed that the association between BGD and CSR performance is positively (negatively) moderated by harmony (mastery) orientation. Moreover, our test of a three‐way interaction among BGD, harmony (mastery), and cultural tightness–looseness on CSR performance revealed that the moderating effect of harmony (mastery) orientation is amplified when cultural tightness increases. The findings suggest that harmony/mastery orientation matters more for the effects of BGD on firm CSR performance under tight cultural conditions. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the study.

Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Iran: The Institutional Support System As A Mediator

Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Iran: The Institutional Support System As A Mediator

Influence of Innovation and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Competitive Through Marketing Performance as Moderating

This study aims to determine the direct influence of innovation and entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage with marketing performance as a moderating variable on handicraft MSME entrepreneurs in East Jakarta and the indirect effect of innovation on competitive advantage through marketing performance, the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage through marketing performance. The research strategy used is quantitative. The population in this study are SMEs registered with the Mayor of East Jakarta. The sampling technique used was purpose sampling with data collection instruments consisting of questionnaires. The data taken is primary data. This study uses Path Analysis. The results of the study concluded that innovation and entrepreneurial orientation have a direct effect on competitive advantage through marketing performance. For the mediating effect, marketing performance is not a variable that moderates innovation towards competitiveness excellence. Nevertheless, marketing performance fully moderates entrepreneurial orientation towards competitiveness excellence. The managerial implication of these findings is that MSMEs need to pay attention not only to aspects of innovation and entrepreneurial orientation in their strategy but also to the importance of marketing performance management.

The Role of Financial Literacy and Entrepreneurial Orientation on MSME Sustainability: The Mediating Effect of E-Commerce

MSMEs play an important role, but there are still many problems to improve their performance. The effect of financial literacy and entrepreneurial orientation on general performance is the purpose of this study. This research was conducted at MSMEs in Pontianak City and Singkawang City. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Quantitative research is an attempt by a researcher to gain knowledge by providing data in the form of numbers which will then be used to analyze information. The data used in this research is primary data. The soil test results show that the significance value of the two-tailed test is 0.00 <0.05, so e-commerce can mediate the effect of financial literacy on MSME performance. The Sobel test results also show that the significance value of the two-tailed test is 0.00 <0.05, so e-commerce can mediate the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on MSME performance. Understanding financial literacy and the use of e-commerce will help MSMEs manage their finances and leverage business opportunities more effectively, as well as make it easier to access financial resources needed for business sustainability.

Effect of crystal orientation on the scratching behavior of γ-TiAl alloy nanowires by molecular dynamics simulation

In micro-and-nanomachining, crystal orientation effects significantly influence the plastic deformation, mechanical response, and temperature profile of nanowire materials. This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the process of surface scratching on γ-TiAl alloy nanowires under six different crystal orientations. The results reveal that the evolution of internal microscopic defects during the surface scratching process is heavily affected by crystal orientation, resulting in distinct dislocation motion-induced shear deformation and extrusion removal by the tool. These factors determine variations in both the shape of the nanowire's surface pile-up and the overall degree of workpiece deformation. Among all cases examined, crystal orientation exhibits easier removal of atoms with minimal internal defects, while crystal orientation shows maximum atom removal without significant overall deformation, both cases demonstrate superior surface morphology and subsurface quality. Furthermore, stress and temperature profiles within abraded atoms and inside the workpiece depend on crystal orientation. These findings provide valuable insights for characterizing surface damage in γ-TiAl alloy nanowires as well as facilitating the preparation of surface nano-channels.

Orientation-dependent tunneling electroresistance in Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Nb:SrTiO3 ferroelectric tunnel junctions

Orientation anisotropy is a well-known essential character for polarization characteristics of ferroelectric materials, which has been widely investigated in conventional ferroelectric random access memories. In this work, we study the effects of orientation on the tunneling electroresistance (TER) of ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs). Rhombohedral Pb(Zr[Formula: see text],Ti[Formula: see text])O3 (PZT) that has the polar axis along the [Formula: see text] orientation is adopted as potential barriers and two kinds of FTJs that are composed of (001)- and (111)-oriented PZT barriers and Nb:SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) electrodes, respectively, are fabricated. The (111)-oriented Pt/PZT/Nb:STO FTJ exhibits a giant ON/OFF ratio of [Formula: see text], about 30 times that of the (001)-oriented device, due to the lowered PZT barrier in the ON state and the widen Schottky barrier in the OFF state based on current and capacitance analyses. In addition, compared to the (001)-oriented device, the (111)-oriented FTJ shows a sharper and faster switching between the ON and OFF states according to the nucleation-limited-switching dynamics model, giving rise to good linearity in memristive behaviors for synaptic plasticity and reliable retention and endurance properties for the resistance switching. The improved TER properties are ascribed to larger effective polarizations and 180∘ switching in the (111)-oriented PZT barrier. These results facilitate the design and fabrication of high-performance FTJ devices with the optimization of crystallographic orientation and polarization switching characteristics.

Crystal plasticity modeling of grain boundary softening and fatigue in U75V pearlite steel under low strain conditions: A study of cyclic rolling contact fatigue

Grain boundaries (GBs) exhibit fatigue-induced softening under low strain conditions, making them the weakest and most vulnerable regions within the material. This phenomenon significantly influences plastic deformation, plastic strengthening, and the initiation and propagation of microcracks, leading to material fatigue failure. This investigation presents a comprehensive model for the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage mechanism of U75V railway steel. Leveraging data from Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and employing the Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM), intragranular mechanical responses are elucidated. A modified bilinear Traction Separation Law (TSL) Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) is developed to capture the impact of GBs fatigue. Integrating this CZM with CPFEM, mechanical properties, scalar stiffness degradation (SDEG), fatigue damage factors, and crack evolution patterns are analyzed to explore the effects of grain morphology, orientation, GB angle, and area on GB fatigue damage and crack initiation. Results indicate a significant increase in GBs damage with increasing GBs angle or decreasing GBs area, highlighting the potential for reducing RCF damage through deliberate grain morphology design. Additionally, GBs are found to impede crack propagation, suggesting that grain refinement can mitigate crack propagation rates. This study enhances our understanding of intergranular fracture, mechanical responses, and microstructure evolution in U75V rail steel under cyclic rolling contact loading, offering novel methodologies for investigating metallic materials' deformation behavior concerning GB fatigue.

Three-way interaction effect of entrepreneurial orientation, CEO power, and organizational slack on Indonesian firms’ performance

This study aims to explore the complex interplay between entrepreneurial orientation, CEO power, and organizational slack, and their collective impact on firm performance within Indonesia’s manufacturing sector, providing actionable insights to optimize operations in a dynamic, resource-constrained environment. The paper employs a longitudinal approach, utilizing dynamic panel data from 127 publicly-traded manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2022, focusing on this sector due to its significant role in Indonesia’s economy and the unique challenges these firms face in adapting to market changes and competitive pressures. The study initially found that entrepreneurial orientation did not significantly influence firm performance. However, when CEO power was introduced into the analysis, it significantly, albeit negatively, moderated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, suggesting that higher CEO power may actually diminish beneficial impacts of entrepreneurial orientation on performance (β = –48.041, p < 0.05). Importantly, the analysis revealed that organizational slack can positively interact with both entrepreneurial orientation and CEO power, mitigating this negative influence and enhancing firm performance (β = 15.261, p < 0.05). These findings illuminate the complex interdependencies within strategic management, underscoring the necessity of aligning upper echelon power dynamics with organizational resources. This alignment is crucial for leveraging the full potential of entrepreneurial orientation to enhance firm performance. AcknowledgmentsThis study received sponsorship from Beasiswa Pendidikan Indonesia and Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education). The support from these organizations has been invaluable in the completion of this work, enabling comprehensive data collection and analysis crucial to complete the study.

Effect of nozzle diameter and raster orientation on tensile and fracture behavior of FDM‐PLA specimens under mixed‐mode I/II loading

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) is a material extrusion technique that works by extruding molten filament on a heated platform. In this method, several manufacturing parameters are engaged which affect the mechanical performance of printed parts. In this study, the effects of nozzle diameter on tensile (under two loading rates) and mixed‐mode I/II fracture behavior of printed specimens were examined. The obtained results revealed that testing speed had a minor effect on basic mechanical properties. For instance, ultimate tensile strengths of tensile specimens printed with 1 mm nozzle diameter were 32.56 and 39.71 MPa for test speeds of 1 and 5 mm/min, respectively. Higher nozzle diameters resulted in higher mechanical properties and fracture resistance (e.g., specimens printed with 45/−45° raster angle with 0.4 and 1 mm nozzle diameters indicated fracture loads of 4520 and 5071 N, respectively). Besides, fracture loads were predicted through the equivalent material concept coupled with J‐integral method.

Strategic-hybrid orientations and perceived business performance in medium/high-tech SMEs

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the direct and combined impacts of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and conservative orientation (CO) on perceived business performance (PBP) of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) under strategic-hybrid orientation (SHO) theory. Design/methodology/approach The data collected from the SABI NEO international database has 90 companies in 13 medium-to-high and high-tech activity sectors. The authors used partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the research model. Findings Business strategies match a SHO that includes both orientations, i.e. EO and CO. Moreover, as expected, the authors found evidence that each orientation produces performance-related sign-opposite significant impacts. Finally, the hypothesis regarding the positive synergistic effect of both orientations (EO and CO) on PBP was also supported. Research limitations/implications One stems from the study’s cross-sectional nature, requiring a longitudinal approach. Another one resides in the absence of further examinations concerning multigroup analysis. Another restraint is the limitedness of data, focused on firms with med/high-tech intensity. For last, while the use of results in the initial stages of theory development can be beneficial, it is important to note that such results cannot be simply extrapolated or generalized to other industrial sectors without careful consideration of the contextual factors at play. Social implications This study humbly endeavours to contribute to the finality of SMEs’ more steady and prosperous existence concerning the consciousness of the need to improve labour stability and wage fairness, conditions such as requiring a continuous commitment. Originality/value In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the impact of SHO on SMEs’ PBP. To this end, the authors simultaneously used two different strategic orientations (SOs): EO, which is widely studied in the literature, and CO, which has been less researched. The authors also examined their synergistic effects on PBP. The authors’ approach is based on Venkatraman’s strategic orientation of business enterprises model and the comparative paradigm of SOs.

Effects of HiPIMS Duty Cycle on Plasma Discharge and the Properties of Cu Film.

In this paper, Cu thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates by the high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiIPMS) technique, and the effects of different duty cycles (from 2.25% to 5.25%) on the plasma discharge characteristics, microstructure, and electrical properties of Cu thin films were investigated. The results of the target current test show that the peak target current remains stable under 2.25% and 3% duty cycle conditions. Under the conditions of a 4.5% and 5.25% duty cycle, the target peak current shows a decreasing trend. The average power of the target shows a rising trend with the increase in the duty cycle, while the peak power of the target shows a decreasing trend with the increase in the duty cycle. The results of OES show that with the increase in the duty cycle, the total peak intensity of copper and argon emissions shows an overall increasing trend. The duty cycle from 3% to 4.5% change in copper and argon emission peak total intensity change is not obvious. The deposition rate and surface morphology of the copper film were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the deposition rate of the copper film increased with the increase in the duty cycle, which was mainly due to the increase in the average power. The surface roughness of the copper film was evaluated by atomic force microscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the grain size and texture of the Cu film, and the results showed that the average grain size of the Cu film increased from 38 nm to 59 nm on the (111) and (200) crystal planes. Four-probe square resistance test copper film resistivity in 2.25%, 3% low duty cycle conditions of the copper film resistivity is generally higher than 4.5%, 5.25% high duty cycle conditions, the copper film resistivity shows the trend of change is mainly affected by the copper film grain size and the (111) face of the double effect of the optimal orientation. The lowest resistivity of the copper film measured under the 4.5% duty cycle condition is 1.7005 μΩ·cm, which is close to the intrinsic resistivity of the copper film of 1.67 μΩ·cm.