Organs Of Laboratory Animals Research Articles

SELECTION OF METHODOLOGY FOR THIOPHAN M ISOLATION FROM ANIMAL ORGANS

Introduction. An important preparatory stage of collecting information for the registration of a new drug is the study of its pharmacokinetic parame-ters in accordance with the requirements of good laboratory practice. The preparatory stage of such a study consists in the selection of optimal condi-tions for sample preparation of biological objects to determine the test substance in them. The purpose of this study is to select optimal conditions for sample preparation, including the pH value of the extractant, and isolation of Thio-phane M from the organs of laboratory animals (rats) for its further voltammetric determination according to the previously developed method. Material and methods. The object of the study was the substance Thiophane M [dodecyl(3,5,-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide], which is a promis-ing biologically active compound with antioxidant properties, developed on the basis of the Department of Chemistry of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University together with the Research Institute of Antioxidant Chemistry. Experimental data were obtained using 5 male rats weighing from 350-380 g, which were injected with an intragastrically tested sample of Thiophane M at a dose of 500 mg/kg in the form of an oil solution in olive oil. Results. The total number of samples obtained and examined is 180. Based on the data obtained with their subsequent statistical processing by the indirect differences method according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition, it was established that the optimal condition for the extraction of Thiophane M is a single extraction with diethyl ether, which is confirmed by the results of voltammetric analysis. We have found that the greatest number Thiophane M localized in the brain, heart and lungs (364.08.20, 332.016.47 and 275.025.40 µcg/g, respectively), fewer Thiophane M detect-ed in kidney, spleen and liver (146.015.50, 81.08.66 56.014.53 µcg/g, respectively). Conclusions. Of all the methods of Thiophan M isolation from rat organs, the method using diethyl ether as an extractant was chosen, which gave stable results due to the maximum extraction of the substance.

Biodistribution of Fluorescent Albumin Nanoparticles among Organs of Laboratory Animals after Intranasal and Peroral Administration.

Natural, environmental and engineered nanoparticles (NP) penetrate into cells by endocytosis and induce innate immunity. The behaviour of the nanomaterials both in vitro and in vivo should be assessed. Our goal was to study protein NP stability in biological fluids and distribution in organs of animals after intranasal and oral administration. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was labelled with the fluorescent dye RhoB and NP were fabricated by nanoprecipitation. The fluorescent protein NPwere administered intranasally and orally in laboratory-outbred mice ICR and rabbits. RhoB-BSA NP distribution in organs was detected using spectrofluorometry and fluorescent microscopy. Innate immunity was evaluated using reverse transcription with random hexanucleotide primer and subsequent real-time PCR with specific fluorescent hydrolysis probes. The labelled BSA NP were shown to remain stable in blood sera and nasopharyngeal swabs for 5 days at +37 °C. In vivo the maximal accumulation was found in the brain in 2 days posttreatment without prevalent accumulation in olfactory bulbs. For the intestine, heart and liver, the BSA NP accumulation was similar in 1 and 2 days, whereas for kidney samples even decreased after 1 day. Both intranasal and peroral administration of RhoB-BSA NP did not induce innate immunity. Thus, after intranasal or oral instillation RhoB-BSA NP were found mainly in the brain and intestine without interferon gene expression.

Effect of azodicarbonamide on rats with a high-fat hypercaloric diet

Azodicarbonamide is an important chemical widely used in the industry as a blowing agent in the foam industry and in the food industry as a flour bleaching agent and a dough conditioner. The discussion about its biosafety is ongoing, in a number of countries, the use of azodicarbonamide is limited or even prohibited since a slightly carcinogenic effect of its by-products has been found. Despite this, many manufacturers continue to use it as a food additive. In a laboratory experiment, the effect of various doses of azodicarbonamide on the organism of laboratory animals under the background of a high-fat diet was determined by changes in their body weight, the state and mass indices of internal organs, blood parameters, the functional state of the nervous system, and changes in the intestinal microbiota. Four groups were formed from laboratory male rats, which for 21 days were consuming: a high-fat diet with the addition of 4%, 1%, 0.25%, 0% azodicarbonamide. It has been determined that azodicarbonamide did not cause a change in the organ mass index, but the addition of 4% and 1% of the substance to the diet significantly reduced the intensity of animals' body weight gain. Both excess fat in the diet and different doses of azodicarbonamide mainly caused functional disorders of the parenchymal organs, as evidenced by changes in the activity of blood enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, De Ritis ratio (AST/ALT), Alkaline phosphatase) and protein metabolism (Total protein, Globulins, Protein coefficient, Urea). Significant changes in the physical and orientation activity and emotional status of the animals were not observed. Low concentrations of azodicarbonamide (0.25% and 1% of the feed mass) caused a pronounced decrease in the number of normal enzymatic properties of Escherichia coli strains below the control group and the reference range, and a high concentration (4%) significantly reduced the number of Lactobacillus bacteria in comparison with the control one but did not exceed references.

Pathomorphological changes in the organs of laboratory animals with experimental liver cirrhosis

Objective. Develop an experimental model of liver cirrhosis and describe pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues of laboratory animals.Materials and methods. Liver cirrhosis was simulated on 11 sexually mature Wistar male white rats. The control group consisted of 12 healthy laboratory animals. Acute toxic liver injury resulting in cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50% tetrachloromethane (CCl4) solution on olive oil on the first day of the experiment in the dosage of 0.1 ml CCl4 + 0.4 ml olive oil per 100 g of the animal body weight, on the second day of the experiment 0.3 ml CCl4 + 0.2 ml olive oil per 100 g of the animal body weight. To synergize and potentiate the hepatotoxic effect of CCl4, animals had 10% ethanol solution freely available daily. The duration of the experiment was 65 days. Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated, histological evaluation of the preparations was performed. The obtained data were compared with the control group of animals.Results. Reproducibility of the model was 82% (9 animals). The indicator of lymphocyte blabbing index showed the development of liver cirrhosis in animals of the experimental group. Comprehensive morphological confirmation of the developed liver cirrhosis was obtained.Conclusion. The proposed methodology of liver cirrhosis formation correlates with pathomorphological changes in lymphocyte cell wall, changes in liver tissue and internal organs in human liver cirrhosis.

Experimental Substantiation of Autoplasma Application as a Haemostatic Agent in Endoscopic Operations in the Digestive Tract

Abstract In endosurgery of the digestive tract, ‘cellular technologies’ are gaining popularity, including the use of blood components or blood cells with a haemostatic purpose. In this regard, the objective of the study is evaluation of the effectiveness of bleeding control and safety of resection of the hollow organs of the digestive tract in the experimental trauma models of the abdominal organs in laboratory animals. The study was conducted in 20 mature male Chinchilla rabbits with the mean body mass of 2450 ± 210 g. All animals were divided into four experimental groups: the control group (without bleeding control); the group that received the infiltration of the wall of a hollow organ with saline; the group in which bleeding was controlled by argon plasma coagulation (APC), and the group wherein animals underwent haemostasis with autoplasma. In the control group and the physiological saline group, no statistical difference was observed in the time of bleeding control. Autoplasma, due to preventive local administration, is more effective than APC and has a high haemostatic potential. Autoplasma has been found to be highly effective and safe for bleeding control in the gastrointestinal tract in the experimental model, which has paved the way for new possibilities for operations of various scales, including endoscopic operations.

The effect of polystyrene foam in different doses on the blood parameters and relative mass of internal organs of white mice

Due to their durability, versatility and economy, plastic products are widely used in all spheres of human life. Despite the inertness of polymers, recent studies show the ability of microplastic to overcome natural tissue barriers, accumulate in the animal’s body, affect metabolism and change the intestinal microbiota, negatively affecting it. In a 42-day experiment, changes in the internal organs’ relative mass, blood biochemical and morphological parameters of white mice were established under the influence of different doses of polystyrene foam in their diet. Four groups of white mice consumed crushed polystyrene foam particles (10%, 1% and 0.1% by weight of the feed, control group without the addition of polystyrene foam). At the end of the experiment, the morphofunctional state of the internal organs was determined by the organ mass index and blood biochemical parameters. Adding crushed polystyrene foam to the feed in an amount of 1% causes a significant decrease in the mass index of the heart and stomach, 10% – only the heart, and 0.1% – does not affect this indicator. Polystyrene foam had a significant effect on blood biochemical parameters, regardless of the dose, causing an increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase against the background of a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The content of total bilirubin, urea, urea nitrogen and cholesterol decreased, and the concentration of creatinine and total protein increased (due to the albumin fraction). The use of crushed polystyrene foam in mice did not cause significant changes in the blood morphological composition, except for a dose-dependent increase in the number of monocytes. In the future, it is planned to determine histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical changes in the organs of laboratory animals under the influence of plastic in a laboratory experiment.

Characterization of the vasodilator effect of eugenol in isolated human umbilical cord arteries

Eugenol (EUG) is a phenylpropanoid widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. It is commonly referred to in the literature by its biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and relaxing in organs of laboratory animals, especially in rodent vessels. However, its vasorelaxant potential in human tissue, has not been investigated. Thus, this study characterizes the vasodilatory effect of EUG in the human umbilical artery (HUA). HUAs were isolated, cleaned, sectioned (3–4 mm) and placed in an organ bath (10 mL Krebs Henseleit, 37 °C; and carbogenic mixture). EUG (100–1400 μM), obtained total relaxation of electromechanical contractions induced by KCl (60 mM), and pharmacomechanical contractions (30–1200 μM), induced by serotonin (10 μM) and by histamine (10 μM), showing statistically significant concentrations: 600 μM, 400 μM and 200 μM, and EC50 values: 759.8 ± 6.5 μM, 229.9 ± 7.9 and 279.0 ± 3.4 μM, respectively. EUG (1200 and 1400 μM) prevented the contraction promoted by BaCl2 (0.1–30 mM), similar to the effects of nifedipine (10 μM), sugesting the involvement of EUG in blocking VOCCs. In the presence of tetraethylammonium (10 μM), EUG (30–1200 μM) did not produce a total relaxation (88.6%), suggesting that an alternative pathway where potassium channels, may partially mediate EUG effect. In the presence of 4-aminopyridine (1 mM), glibenclamide (10 μM), and tetraethylammonium (1 mM), EUG relaxed HUAs 100%, although the pharmacological potency was statistically altered, demonstrating the participation of K+ channels (Kv, KATP, BKCa). Our data indicates that EUG has a vasorelaxant effect on HUAs, had a greater pharmacological potency in the serotoninergic pathway, showing effective participation of VOCCs and a partial modulation of K+ channels. These data suggest new possibilities for the use of EUG in human vascular dysfunctions, such as preeclampsia. More studies are necessary to confirm the safety and effectivity in future treatments.

Effect of food additive E415 on the microstructure of rat liver

One of the forms of activity of a veterinary specialist can be his work in a laboratory. Currently, there is an increasing need for laboratory studies of organs for their detailed study, as well as identification of pathologies. In this connection, there is a need for a more detailed study of the internal organs. The presented materials set out the results of a study of the effect of the food additive E415 on the morphology of the liver of rats. The work proved that the studied food additive does not have a negative effect on the organism of laboratory animals.

MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF WHITE MICE DURING EXPERIMENTAL IRON (IV) CLATHROCHELATE TOXICOSIS

Iron (IV) clathrochelate based on a macrobicyclic ligand of the hexahydrazide type is a unique compound that contains iron in a rare high valence IV. Preclinical and clinical studies of this complex, which were started for the first time in Ukraine, have an important theoretical and practical consequence as this complex can be recommended as an active substance in iron-containing drugs with antianemic action. In conducting preclinical studies of new drugs, pathomorphological studies are important because they are a necessary step in studying the biological response of animals to the action of test substances. It was found that some pathological changes develop in the body of white mice under conditions of experimental acute and chronic iron (IV) clathrochelate intoxication. They correlated with the dose of the test compound. During chronic intoxication, the microscopic changes in the liver and kidney of white mice treated with iron (IV) clathrochelate at a dose of 1/10 DL50 were similar to the microscopic changes in the liver and kidney of mice treated with the experimental drug at a dose of 1/5 DL50. However, the severity of these changes was lower, reflecting a lower degree of organ damage. In the myocardium of mice treated with iron (IV) clathrochelate at a dose of 1/5 DL50 on the 10th day, as in acute iron (IV) clathrochelate poisoning, only edema was recorded. The prospects for further research are the study of microscopic changes in the organs of laboratory animals of other species during experimental iron (IV) clathrochelate toxicosis.

Determination of the biological safety of the use of biodegradable film coatings on the organism of laboratory animals

The work studied the biological safety of the use of biodegradable film coatings for the organism of laboratory animals. For different application methods a different composition of polysaccharides (PS) (%) was developed — xanthan and carboxymethyl- cellulose (CMC): spraying (0.60:2.73); by brush (0.90:2.05); wrapping (1.61:1.38) respectively. Different film coating methods were selected for different foodstuffs. This film coating does not have a negative effect on the organism of laboratory animals.

До проблем тестування токсичності нанорозмірних об'єктів (oгляд літератури)

Aim of the Research. To present and summarize data on the problems of assessing the toxicity and hazards of nanosized particles due to the peculiarities of their activity and variability, which prove the need to develop a vector of research in vitro. Materials and Methods. Targeted testing can provide broad coverage of nanoproducts, reduce the cost and time of research, as well as the number of animals used in experiments. Various model test systems are proposed for use, the use of which is possible to detect harmful effects of man-made nanomaterials, and also for other chemicals: cellular and subcellular elements (mitochondria, microsomes, DNA, chorioallantoic membrane vessels), organs of laboratory animals, the simplest (unicellular) organisms, microorganisms, various aquatic organisms, plants, insects, sperm of cattle. Biotesting is one of the methods of research in the field of toxicology, used to determine the degree of toxic effects of chemical, physical and biologically unfavorable factors that are potentially dangerous to humans and components of ecosystems. An analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using the abstract databases of scientific libraries Pub Med, Medline and text databases of scientific publishing houses Elsevier, Pub Med, Central, BMJ group as well as other VIP databases. Results and Conclusions. Recently, publications emphasize that the manifestations of biological effects depend on changes in the characteristics and properties of nanomaterials. These facts cannot be taken into account in standard toxicological studies. One of the ways to intensify tests and reduce their cost may be the use of accelerated toxicological studies on simple biological systems (models). In this regard, the development and implementation of alternative methods in vitro has become one of the leading areas of toxicological research of nanomaterials. Key Words: nanoparticles, toxicity, testing.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ТОКСИЧЕСКОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ОРГАНИЗМ БЕЛЫХ КРЫС И КРОЛИ-КОВ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ЛЕЧЕБНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

The article presents materials on the study of the toxicity of a complex of therapeutic and prophylactic agents, including choline chloride, succinic acid, xymedon, sorbitol, a suspension of lactic and propionic acid microorganisms, on the organism of laboratory animals in the experiment on white rats and rabbits. Based on the results of primary screening, the agent is recommended for eliminating the consequences of animal toxicosis, hepatoprotection and metabolic correction. Ac-cording to the results of the studies, it was found that this composition, in accordance with the ex-isting classification, is low-toxic, does not have a local irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes and skin, does not possess cumulative properties, therefore, has prospects for further re-search.

Study of the Biological Properties of New Smart Packaging Materials for Use in Agricultural Industries

The paper studies the biological properties of film coatings created on the basis of polysaccharides (xanthan and carboxymethylcellulose) for use in various branches of the agro-industrial complex. It was found that samples of these film coatings completely decomposed in the soil in 7 days, and did in the aquatic environment in an average of 3.5 h. The effect of these film coatings on the organism of laboratory animals (rats) was studied by adding them to animal feed (experimental group). During the experiment, no deviations in behavior were noted in the experimental group of rats; no death in both the control and experimental groups of animals occurred. The studied film coating had no negative effect on the large intestine microbiocenosis and the animals’ weight. It was shown that the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the experimental group was 3 times less than in the control one, and the number of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus was 3.3 times higher than in the control group. The results obtained indicate the biological safety of the use of the studied film coatings.

Influence of the “Active Mix” supplement with separate administration of antagonistic components on the structure of the mice internal organs

The question of the need for separate administration of feed additives’ components that are antagonistic from the point of view of their chemical properties and physiological effects has long been debated among researchers. The authors have proposed a new supplement based on chelate compounds, which components’ effect on the organism of laboratory animals has been partially considered earlier. However, the assessment of the components’ effects on the morphology of the excretory and reproductive systems’ organs has not been studied. In this regard, the work considered the effect of feed additive components with separate introduction of chemically and physiologically antagonistic components on the pathoanatomical picture, as well as the microstructure of the kidneys and testes of laboratory mice to assess potentially negative effects on the excretory and reproductive systems. The supplement was administered orally at various dosages. The organ structure was assessed after 1, 2 weeks and 1 month. The microstructure of the kidneys and testes was histologically studied in the experiment and control. The negative influence absence of the supplement components in the entire range of applied dosages is shown. The absence of visible deviations of the pathoanatomical picture during autopsy of experimental animals was noted.

ОЦЕНКА ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ЛЕЧЕБНЫХ СРЕДСТВ ДЛЯ УСТРАНЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ТОКСИКОЗОВ

The article presents the results of studying the chronic toxicity of a complex of therapeutic agents for eliminating the consequences of animal toxicosis, hepatoprotection and metabolic correc-tion, including choline chloride, succinic acid, xymedon, sorbitol, a suspension of lactic and propion-ic acid microorganisms. The drug was administered to white rats with food at doses of 1/50 and 1/20 of the maximum input (0.04 and 0.1 g / kg of live weight) for 60 days. Clinical, growth-weight, hematological, biochemical and pathomorphological parameters were assessed. It was found that the study drug with prolonged administration does not cause signs of toxicosis, does not have a nega-tive effect on the organism of laboratory animals. The absolute gain in live weight over the experi-ence in the experimental groups was 21.8 and 22.2 % more than the control, respectively, the drug had some growth-stimulating effect. A blood test showed that the values of the studied parameters were slightly higher than the control values, and indicated the presence of a favorable effect of the drug on hematopoiesis and metabolic processes. Macroscopic examination of internal organs showed no pathological changes.

Synthesis, Properties, and in vivo Testing of Biogenic Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles

A sol containing biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles is obtained by cultivating Klebsiella oxytoca microorganisms. Data on the physical properties of the biogenic ferrihydrite and its effect on the organism of laboratory animals are obtained using a model of experimental hemolytic anemia, according to indicators of the functional activity of erythrocytes and morphological descriptions of organs.

Toxicokinetics of aluminum in rats

Introduction. Aluminum is one of the most common elements in nature that is potentially toxic to humans. Aluminum compounds are widely used in the aviation and food industries, metallurgy, electrical engineering, and medicine. Aluminum is capable of accumulating in the human body, which creates a risk for the development of severe diseases. Material and methods. Acute intoxication of aluminum hydroxide was simulated on white outbred rats weighing 170-220 g, divided into 8 groups (intact and 7 experimental). By the atomic absorption method, the concentrations of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and iron in the organs of laboratory animals (kidneys, liver, blood, and brain) were determined 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after intoxication. Results. The accumulation of aluminum was observed to a greater extent in the liver, kidneys, blood, to a lesser extent in the brain. Aluminum affects the homeostasis of essential elements, for example, in the experiment, a decrease in the content of calcium and magnesium in the organs of laboratory animals is observed. The seed level does not have a strong effect on the level of iron. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of aluminum in the liver, blood, and brain of rats remains higher than in the control group. Conclusion. Aluminum is capable of accumulating in vital organs and affecting the homeostasis of the essential elements of the body. The circulation of aluminum in the biological media of a living organism, like many processes, is undulating, and it can accumulate and diffuse for a long time in various organs of experimental animals.

Experimental Substantiation of Autoplasma Application as a Haemostatic Agent in Endoscopic Operations in the Digestive Tract

Abstract Introduction. In endosurgery of the digestive tract, ‘cellular technologies’ are gaining popularity, including the use of blood components or blood cells with a haemostatic purpose. In this regard, the objective of the study is evaluation of the effectiveness of bleeding control and safety of resection of the hollow organs of the digestive tract in the experimental trauma models of the abdominal organs in laboratory animals. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 20 mature male Chinchilla rabbits with the mean body mass of 2450 ± 210 g. All animals were divided into four experimental groups: the control group (without bleeding control); the group that received the infiltration of the wall of a hollow organ with saline; the group in which bleeding was controlled by argon plasma coagulation (APC), and the group wherein animals underwent haemostasis with autoplasma. Results. In the control group and the physiological saline group, no statistical difference was observed in the time of bleeding control. Autoplasma, due to preventive local administration, is more effective than APC and has a high haemostatic potential. Conclusion. Autoplasma has been found to be highly effective and safe for bleeding control in the gastrointestinal tract in the experimental model, which has paved the way for new possibilities for operations of various scales, including endoscopic operations.

Non-Contact Analysis of Magnetic Fields of Biological Objects: Algorithms for Data Recording and Processing

Based on low-temperature SQUID sensors, an ultra-sensitive magnetometric system has been created for the analysis of nanoparticles in biological objects. The main features of the SQUID magnetometric system and information technology during registration and analysis of magnetic signals from organs of laboratory animals are considered. Experimental data on the operation of the magnetometric system and algorithms of data recording and processing in the study of physical models (small animals) with nanoparticles are presented.

TOXICOLOGICAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF A NEW COMPLEX ORGANOMINERAL MICROFERTILIZER

The article is devoted to the study of the nature of the toxic effects of a new complex organic mineral fertilizer on the organism of laboratory animals. The assessment of its toxicity and hazard has been performed with the definition of acute and subacute toxicity parameters, as well as irritant effect on skin and mucous membranes, sensitizing and cumulative effects.