Organs Of Albino Rats Research Articles

Effect of Blend of Metanil Yellow and Tartrazine on Different Organs of Albino Rat

Background: Tartrazine and metanil yellow are organic azo dyes widely used in food products, drugs, and cosmetics. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of these food colors on the liver, and kidneys of albino rats. The study also evaluates the protective effect of quercetin as an antioxidant against the toxic effect of these food colors. Methods: Eighty adult albino rats were divided into 8 groups. Control group, 3 groups were treated with a blend of tartrazine and metanil yellow in 3 doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg for 30 days by gavage, one positive control group was treated with quercetin 50 mg/kg for 30 days, and three groups were treated with the blend of tartrazine and metanil yellow plus 50 mg/kg of quercetin. At the end of the experiment, serum samples were collected to evaluate liver and kidney functions. Liver, kidney samples were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely prepared for paraffin sectioning and staining for histopathological examination. Results: The study showed a significant elevation of liver and kidney function after treatment with the food color blend. Also, a significant improvement in liver and kidney function was observed after treatment with quercetin. Histopathological examination showed mild to moderate changes in the liver and kidney which improved after quercetin treatment. Conclusion: The current sub-chronic study concluded that a blend of tartrazine and metanil yellow caused significant biochemical and histological changes in different organs of albino rats. Therefore, prolonged consumption of these substances leads to adverse effects on human health. Also, quercetin is vital in protecting the body against the toxic effects of food color blends.

MicroRNAs molecular biomarkers for determination of drowning death in relation to postmortem interval in different organs of albino rats

MicroRNAs molecular biomarkers for determination of drowning death in relation to postmortem interval in different organs of albino rats

Histopathological profiles of Albino rats induced with Viscum album leaf and stem aqueous extracts

Background: Viscum album is a hemiparasitic shrub that grows on various tree species and contains diverse active substances. Objectives: The histopathology of the toxic effects of Viscum album leaf and stem aqueous extracts from host plants Azadirachta indica (neem), Psidium guajava (guava), and Acacia albida on organs of albino rats was evaluated. Methodology: Thirty-five (35) albino rats divided into 7 groups (A-G) of 5 albino rats each was exposed to graded doses of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, and 6400mg/kg using the intraperitoneal route. The experimental rats were observed for 24 hours and subsequently sacrificed and their organs including liver, kidney, lungs, and heart were subjected to histopathology for any ultra-structural changes. Results: The histopathological findings indicate that the liver had vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and congestion of sinusoids for 800mg/kg of Viscum album (Azadirachta indica: neem) stem extract, and widespread vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes at 3200mg/kg for Viscum album (Acacia albida) stem extract. The kidneys had congestion, tubular necrosis with deposition of hyaline materials in the intratubular lumen and capsular space of the glomerulus, and glomerular atrophy at 400mg/kg of Viscum album (Psidium guajava: guava) leaf extract, but indicated marked congestion, and tubular necrosis with 3200mg/kg of Viscum album (Psidium guajava: guava) stem. The lungs had marked thickening of the interstitium by edema fluid, red blood, and mononuclear cell infiltration at 3200mg/kg of Viscum album (Acacia albida) leaf extract. The heart had multifocal areas of mild necrosis of the myocytes with 3200mg/kg Viscum album (Azadirachta indica: neem) leaf extract, and multifocal areas of moderate haemorrhages with 3200mg/kg Viscum album (Psidium guajava: guava) leaf extract. Conclusion: Aqueous extracts of Viscum album in this study had bioactive components that could be toxic.

BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AFTER THE CONSUMPTION OF SOME VEGETABLES GROWN ALONG RIVERS JAKARA AND GETSI IN ALBINO RATS

Cabbage and lettuce were collected from three locations each along the irrigation farms of Rivers Jakara and Getsi. Domestic and industrial waste are freely discharge into these rivers. Thirty Nine Albino Rats were divided into Thirteen (13) groups where Animals in groups 1-12 were fed with diet containing 10% cabbage or lettuce. The 13th group were fed with normal diet. After 90 days, the Animals were sacrificed, blood and organs were collected. Fe had the highest level in the blood and significantly different from the control in all the groups. The level of other essential heavy metals is in the following order of decreasing concentration, Fe> Zn > Cu > Cr > Mn > Co while Pb has the highest concentration and in the following order of decreasing concentration Pb > As > Cd > Ni > Hg. A significant decrease in weight of the heart, kidney and pancreas was observed and a significance difference in the organ/body weight coefficient was observed in the Liver (group 3, 4 and 11) Kidney (group 5, 6 and 7) and Pancreas (group 1, 3 and 9). The bioaccumulation index (BAI) shows that eight (8), Seven (7) and Six (6) of the elements analyzed accumulates in the Liver and the Pancreas, Kidney and Heart respectively. Liver accumulated more Cadmium, Lead and Nickel while Pancreas accumulated Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt. Consumption of these vegetables led to reduction in organ weight, increase blood levels and bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in vital organs of albino rats

Effects of dried cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple meal (DCAM) on the growth performance and internal organs of albino rats

An experiment was conducted to ascertain the nutrient composition of dried cashew apple meal (DCAM) and the effect of diets containing varying levels of the DCAM on the growth performance, economics of production and the internal organs of albino rats. Sixteen rats with a mean initial weight of 64.7 g were randomly allotted to four isoproteic and isocaloric diets in a Randomized Complete Block Design based on their weight and sex. The diets were: T0 (0% DCAM), T1 (5% DCAM), T2 (10% DCAM) and T3 (15% DCAM). Each treatment had four replicates. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Data collected were analysed using ANOVA of GenStat Discovery Edition 4. No differences occurred between diets for daily feed intake, daily weight gain and FCR. It cost $0.009, $0.016 and $0.002 more for rats on T1, T2 and T3 respectively to gain 100 g of weight. No differences occurred between treatments for internal organs except for the relative weight of the empty GIT where rats on T3 had higher weight (P < 0.05). It was deduced that the DCAM could be useful in monogastric livestock feeding and could be added to a rate up to 15% of the diet.

Effect of Bisphenol A on the Testis of Offspring of White Albino Rats during Pregnancy and Lactation: (Light and Electron Microscopic Study)

Introduction: The synthetic industrial and biomedical chemicals suspected to threat the health of the living organisms by disrupting their endocrine systems, referred to as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Objective: To study the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on the natal and postnatal testis by the light and electron microscope to make sure if it is harmful or not on the development of male reproductive organs in albino rats. Matrial and Methods: Chemical used: Bisphenol A. The daily single oral dose was (0.3 mg/kg BW./day). Experimental animals: Adult female rats in proestrus cycle were caged overnight with adult males of proven fertility (1 male / 2 females / cage) and produced neonatal male rats.The offspring rats were divided into five main groups: Group I (Control offspring group), Group II (Experimental low dose treated offspring group with Bisphenol A (0.3 mg/kg BW./day) for two weeks, Group III (Experimental high dose treated offspring group; 12 mg/kg b.w/day), Group IV (First recovery group ), Group V (Second recovery group), Results: Chronic Bisphenol A administration produced testicular toxicity leading to marked serious histological changes of the testis including the spermatogenic cells, spermatids, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. These testicular changes increased with the high dose intake of BPA indicating its cumulative toxic effects that caused hypospermatogenesis, leading to infertility. Conclusion: Bisphenol A administration causes testicular toxicity. So, these serious complications on testicular structure should be considered when buying any canned foods or drinks, because it is used nowadays on a large scale allover the world.

Ameliorative effect of ZnO-NPs against bioaggregation and systemic toxicity of lead oxide in some organs of albino rats.

Lead is one of the major environmental pollutions worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Though, various occupational and public health measures have been undertaken to control lead exposure. The present study is designed to investigate the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) to reduce the bioaggregation of lead in the brain, liver, and kidneys and prevent these organ oxidative damage and apoptosis. Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped into 4 gatherings and exposed to the following materials daily on the skin for 2 weeks: 1-normal saline, 2-ZnO-NPs, 3-PbO, and 4-ZnO-NPs+ PbO. Topical application of PbO to rats increased lead contents in blood and different organs causing remarkable oxidative stress damage, apoptosis, and histopathological alterations in these organs. Moreover, PbO-receiving group showed strong positive caspase-3 protein expression with up-regulation of mRNA levels of BAX and COX-2. Co-treatment of ZnO-NPs with PbO could diminish the toxicologic parameters and the above-mentioned immune marker and gene expression levels. Our data suggest the role of ZnO-NPs cream to reduce the risk of lead dermal exposure via preventing absorption and accumulation of it in the internal organs so that it protects these organs from further damage.

Estimation of the Prophylactic Effect of the Egyptian Propolis Extract against Aluminum Silicate Toxicity on Some Organs of Albino Rats: Growth Performance and Histochemical Studies

Estimation of the Prophylactic Effect of the Egyptian Propolis Extract against Aluminum Silicate Toxicity on Some Organs of Albino Rats: Growth Performance and Histochemical Studies

Estimation of the Prophylactic Effect of the Egyptian Propolis Extract against Aluminum Silicate Toxicity on Some Organs of Albino Rats: Growth Performance and Histochemical Studies

Background: the liver is a critical organ because it contains most of the accumulated metals where toxic effects can expected. Also, the lung is directly affected by receiving aluminum as aluminum silicate. Exposure of aluminum leads to production of free radicals that damage living organs and tissues. Aim of the work: this study aimed to evaluate the nucleic acid content in liver, lung and cerebellum tissues intoxicated by aluminum silicate (AlS) and the possible ameliorative effect of propolis extract (PP). Material and methods: Forty male albino rats (weighting 100-120 grams) were categorized randomly into four groups, ten rats on each group (n=10). The 1st group considered as the healthy control group. The 2nd group received 200 ml PP/kg b.wt., day after day by stomach gavage. The 3 rd group was injected intraperitoneally by 20 mg AlS/kg b.wt., twice weekly. The 4th group was treated with AlS in addition to PP as the same doses as in the 2nd and 3rd groups. After two months for each group. Liver, lung and cerebellum organs were harvested. Results: decreased body weight gain of rats was realized with weakly stained nucleic acids contents in liver, lung and cerebellum tissues that intoxicated by AlS. While, using the supplemented treatment (PP) at the same time with the induction of AlS compound showed an ameliorative effect on the nucleic acid contents. Conclusion: propolis has anti-oxidant by inhibiting AlS toxicity on nucleic acids in the different experimental organs of rats.

The Protective Effect of Saffron (Crocus sativus l.) against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Toxicity in Some Organs of Albino Rats

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been extensively exploited in folk medicine for the treatment of a number of ailments. Free radicals propagation has been implicated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity, which is involved in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of saffron on CCl4-induced injuries in some organs of rats. Thirty male albino rats were used in the current study and divided into three groups; control, CCl4 group (0.5 ml/kg body wt.) and CCl4 + saffron (20 mg/kg body wt.). Specimens from livers, kidneys and lungs were taken for biochemical and histopathological studies. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in addition to the concentration of glutathione (GSH) were decreased while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased after CCl4 administration. Also, different morphological changes and marked expression of Bax protein were detected. Treatment with saffron extract was effectively alleviated the alterations in the biochemical markers and morphological structure of liver, kidney and lung. The present study confirms the restoration of normalcy and accredits the ameliorative role of saffron against CCl4-induced toxicity.

Effects of Four Solanum melongena L. Varieties on some Haematological Indices and Weight of Organs in Albino Rats

Effects of Four Solanum melongena L. Varieties on some Haematological Indices and Weight of Organs in Albino Rats

Comparative Toxicity Study of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on Adult Albino Rats

Expanded use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine drugs for non-malarial disease entities has resulted in prolonged duration of therapy and higher daily dosages leading to cumulative doses greater than those used in antimalarial therapy. The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the toxic effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on different organs of albino rats. The study was conducted on 60 normal albino rats divided into 3 groups, the 1st group is the control group that received only distilled water, the 2nd and the 3rd group were given a single daily oral doses equivalent to 1/10th of LD50 chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine respectively. Assessment of liver and kidney functions, and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, and heart in different groups was done.The chloroquine treated group showed significant elevation of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), serum creatinine-urea (Cr-U), Creatine Kinase-MB, C-reactive protein and Malonicdialdehyde levels as compared to control and hydroxychloroquine treated group.The histopathological evaluation showed marked hydropic degeneragtion, vascular congestion, interstitial hemorrhage, and necrosis in the liver, kidney and heart of chloroquine treated group, while hydroxychloroquine treated group showed mild congestion and slight cellular degeneration.Thus,hydroxychloroquine is less toxic and physicians should prescribe it better than chloroquine. Chloroquine if prescribed for therapeutic uses should be taken for short periods.

Influences of Torture by Immobilization andStarvation on Oxidative Stress Markers , DNA Damage and Cellular Changes in Differnt Organs of Albino Rats

Influences of Torture by Immobilization andStarvation on Oxidative Stress Markers , DNA Damage and Cellular Changes in Differnt Organs of Albino Rats

Histological alterations induced by heat stress and antihypertensive drug captopril in some organs of Albino rats

Histological alterations induced by heat stress and antihypertensive drug captopril in some organs of Albino rats

Dicofol formulation induced toxicity on testes and accessory reproductive organs in albino rats.

Dicofol formulation induced toxicity on testes and accessory reproductive organs in albino rats.

Effect of gamma-radiation on some elements in certain organs of albino rats.

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used to determine the concentrations of Ca, Cl, Fe, Ni, P, K, Se, S, and Zn in heart, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney of adult albino rats 2 mo after they were subject to a single gamma gamma-radiation dose from 60Co at 5 gy. In female rats, K levels were significantly higher and the Ca levels significantly lower for the irradiated animals when compared to age-matched nonirradiated controls. Significant differences between irradiated and nonirradiated tissues were observed for other elements, although no sex-related differences could be found. Tissue damage and disturbances of biological functions were observed as a result of gamma-irradiation.

Effect of Toxic Doses of Arsenic on Redox Processes in Different Organs of Albino Rats

Effect of Toxic Doses of Arsenic on Redox Processes in Different Organs of Albino Rats

Cyclic AMP in the organs and tissues during adaptation to extremal factors

Extremal factors of different nature (hypoxic hypoxia, carbon monoxide poisoning, exposure to chemicals and to noise, hypokinesia) caused similar changes in the cyclic AMP level in the organs of albino rats (liver, cerebral hemispheres, heart). A considerable increase in the cyclic AMP concentration was found in the first stages, followed by a progressive fall during subsequent exposure, especially if the intensity of the factor was high. It is suggested that the universality of this response reflects one of the central adaptive mechanisms of the cell and of the organism as a whole.

Distribution of the adrenoblocking drug pyrroxan in albino rats

The distribution of the adrenoblocking drug pyrroxan in the blood plasma and organs of albino rats was investigated. Pyrroxan was shown to appear rapidly in the brain, liver, kidneys, and other organs and to accumulate selectively in the hypothalamus. The use of a spectrofluorometric method showed that unchanged pyrroxan molecules disappear from the plasma and organs in the course of 2 h. In studies with pyrroxan-14C, radioactivity was detected in the organs for 24 h, but in the plasma for several days, indicating the formation of metabolites of pyrroxan or its complexes with plasma proteins and with structural elements of the organs. The high effectiveness of pyrroxan in different forms of hypothalamic disturbances accompanied by symptoms of overexcitation of the sympathetic nervous system can be explained by its selective accumulation in the hypothalamus.

Effect of ultrasound waves on nucleic acid content in the organs of albino rats

Effect of ultrasound waves on nucleic acid content in the organs of albino rats