Organizational Redesign Research Articles

Organizational redesign for government of Jakarta administrative city

The Jakarta City Government organization as a service instrument in order to meet the needs of the organization is currently considered no longer in accordance with the demands of the growing and increasing needs of the community. The overlapping main tasks of several organizational units and the long span of control became the reason for conducting research so that an efficient organizational format of the Jakarta City Government was found in serving the needs of Jakarta citizens The research method used was qualitative descriptive with 16 informants taken by purposive sampling. Data was taken by interviews, observations, focus group discussions and documentation which was then analyzed using NVIVO software. The novelty of this research is the majority of previous research examining organizational redesign in business enterprises, although some studies have also discussed the redesign of government organizations but not specific to the problems of the City of Jakarta. From the results of research that has been carried out with reference to five organizational points including strategic apex, operating core, middle line, technostructure, support staff, it was found that several changes need to be made starting at the strategic apex stage, it is necessary to restructure through the abolition of positions at the City Level such as the position of Vice Mayor. The operating core stage found that there are still overlapping authorities, uneven workloads, lack of facilities, lack of human resources and the need for service acceleration. The middel line stage found that the lack of sub-district role was proposed to be removed and needed to strengthen the authority of the sub-district. The stage of staff support was found that the official tribe had inappropriate duties and functions so that it was more effective and efficient when it was under the coordination and responsibility of the mayor. Keywords: Redesign of Government Organization, Adaptation and Innovation, Sustainable City

Cognitive Reapportionment and the Art of Letting Go: A Theoretical Framework for the Allocation of Decision Rights

ABSTRACT We have entered an era where, in addition to us humans, systems can also think. It is imperative to decide how decision rights and authorities are allocated and distributed across interconnected co-cognitors: things that think. To address this question vital to the redesign of organizations, we reconceptualize cognitive reapportionment as the dynamic reallocation of decision rights and authorities across human and system co-cognitors capable of independent decision making. We articulate the Helix Model of Decision Journeys, wherein decision journeys, comprised of decision elements allocable to human or system co-cognitors, interweave and integrate business processes. The dynamic reapportionment of cognitive responsibilities across co-cognitors is dependent upon the type of scientific reasoning—deduction, induction, or abduction—at each decision element. We further propose two intertwined mechanisms for the art of letting go that facilitate the adoption of the Helix model. First, the nexus of omnipresent system co-cognitors collectively needs to evoke trust. Only when Technology Trust Thresholds are exceeded can decision making be reorganized and control relinquished to system co-cognitors. Second, the world of omnipresent cognitors will compel us to redesign, reprogram, and remix our workflow and business processes. Only through a purposeful effort to Redesign in the Remix Regime can the deduction-induction-abduction nature of decision tasks serve as the basis for their reapportionment.

E-government and administrative management at the Provincial Municipality of Huaura, Peru

By using digital technologies to streamline procedures and increase the productivity of public services, e-government modernizes administrative management and makes government more accessible and responsive to citizens' requests for assistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between e-government and administrative management in the Provincial Municipality of Huaura, Peru. Using a sample of 129 administrative workers and a population of 194 administrative workers, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational methodology was developed. Participants completed a survey-questionnaire. The results showed a substantial relationship between administrative management and e-government in the Provincial Municipality of Huaura, with a sig. of less than 5 % and a Rho value of 0,596. This allowed us to deduce that the planning, organization, management and control of the entity's public resources will improve to the extent that a more solid electronic infrastructure is implemented, political will and institutional architecture, governance through transformations and organizational redesign, and whether or not its citizens have the necessary tools or knowledge to access online information and services

Rehabilitation of occupational stress from the perspective of Health Education

Job stress is linked to mental, physiological and neurobiological alterations that contribute to the development of cognitive problems and the depletion of workers' health. This problem has led to an increase in prolonged periods of work inactivity, the emergence of chronic diseases, unfortunate occupational accidents and even, in the most serious cases, the loss of human lives. This tragic situation could be prevented to a large extent through solid Health Promotion and Education. The paper we present adopts a critical perspective with respect to Health Education, considering it not only as a preventive strategy that disseminates information and seeks to maintain optimal health in the economically active population, but also as an interdisciplinary task that involves the redesign of the work organization. Emphasizes the complexity of this alternative approach and its importance in addressing work-related stress more effectively.

An examination of large-scale electronic health records implementation in Primary Healthcare Centers in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study.

Digital transformation has become a buzzword in almost every industry in the twenti first century. Healthcare is not an exception. In the healthcare industry, digital transformation includes the utilization of electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, health information exchange, mobile health, and other interactive platforms. The importance of digital transformation in healthcare cannot be overemphasized as it has proven to be critical in improving patient outcomes, making healthcare delivery more efficient, and reducing costs. The positive impact of electronic health records was noticed almost immediately in the field of primary healthcare. It has been suggested that implementing electronic health records will enhance the accessibility and the process of distribution of health records between authorized users. As part of Saudi vision 2030, all healthcare organizations in Saudi Arabia are going to shift to digital transformation. This study follows a qualitative, semi-structure, face-to-face interview approach. The collected data were analyzed using NVivo V10 software. Inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the collected data from the interviews. Seventeen project team members, from different positions and backgrounds were purposively chosen to be interviewed. Three main themes and 38 codes were generated from the analysis of transcripts. The informants describe the implementation of electronic health records in the PHCs based on two different experiences. The participants reported that a previous attempt failed due to inappropriate infrastructure, lack of technical support, and low level of user acceptance. Therefore, the policymakers adopted several steps to increase the level of success and avoid failure causes. They initially established well-defined requests for proposals followed by continuous commendation among the project team and conducted a consultation on multiple levels (country level; organizational level and individual level). This study concluded that the main causes that lead to the failure of the large-scale project were lack of connectivity, lack of technical support, and staff changes, particularly those who occupied high-level positions in the Saudi ministry of Health. The success rate of EHRs implementation can be directly impacted by the size of the project. Large-scale projects are complicated and may be subject to numerous challenges compared with small projects. Significant factors such as training, support, legal issues, and organizational workflow and redesign were a concern of the project team during the pre-implementation phase. In addition, other factors related to technology and end-users were included in the EHRs implementation plan.

Modern Approaches to Providing Telematics Oral Health Services in Pediatric Dentistry: A Narrative Review

A structural and organizational redesign of the dental care system is necessary today due to current trends in the demographic process and the accompanying changes in the population’s healthcare needs. The purpose of this article is to review the literature, analyzing those trends that today represent useful tools for the oral health of pediatric patients, with particular reference to teledentistry and all the supports it uses to reach remote territories or patients who, for various reasons, cannot have access to dental care. An independent literature search was conducted in three electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the COCHRANE library. Thirty-one articles were considered. Reported findings highlight that teledentistry has been used in pediatrics to educate and promote oral health and to provide remote diagnosis and monitoring through mobile health applications, smartphone cameras and apps, intraoral cameras, websites and search engines, and telephonic communications. Specifically, teledentistry has been beneficial in providing dental care in remote locations with difficult access to pediatric dentists, conducting remote diagnostic and screening programs, monitoring patients between appointments, promoting children’s oral health through dental education, and providing behavioral counseling prior to office visits. Future research should further investigate the long-term use, additional applications, and cost-effectiveness of teledentistry in children.

Can home care work be organized to promote health among the workers while maintaining productivity? An investigation into stakeholders’ perspectives on organizational work redesign concepts based on the Goldilocks Work principles

BackgroundDue to the aging population, the need for home care services is increasing in most Western countries, including Norway. However, the highly physical nature of this job could contribute to make recruiting and retaining qualified home care workers (HCWs) challenging. This issue may be overcome by adopting the Goldilocks Work principles, aiming at promoting workers’ physical health by determining a “just right” balance between work demands and recovery periods while maintaining productivity. The aim of this study was to 1) gather suggestions from home care employees on suitable organizational (re)design concepts for promoting HCWs’ physical health and 2) have researchers and managers define actionable behavioral aims for the HCWs for each proposed (re)design concept and evaluate them in the context of the Goldilocks Work principles.MethodsHCWs, safety representatives, and operation coordinators (n = 14) from three Norwegian home care units participated in digital workshops led by a researcher. They suggested, ranked, and discussed redesign concepts aimed at promoting HCWs’ health. The redesign concepts were subsequently operationalized and evaluated by three researchers and three home care managers.ResultsWorkshop participants suggested five redesign concepts, namely "operation coordinators should distribute work lists with different occupational physical activity demands more evenly between HCWs", "operation coordinators should distribute transportation modes more evenly between HCWs", "Managers should facilitate correct use of ergonomic aids and techniques", "HCWs should use the stairs instead of the elevator", and "HCWs should participate in home-based exercise training with clients". Only the first two redesign concepts were considered to be aligned with the Goldilocks Work principles. A corresponding behavioral aim for a “just right” workload was defined: reduce inter-individual differences in occupational physical activity throughout a work week.ConclusionsOperation coordinators could have a key role in health-promoting organizational work redesign based on the Goldilocks Work principles in home care. By reducing the inter-individual differences in occupational physical activity throughout a work week, HCWs’ health may be improved, thus reducing absenteeism and increasing the sustainability of home care services. The two suggested redesign concepts should be considered areas for evaluation and adoption in practice by researchers and home care services in similar settings.

A Study on Improving the Competency of Disaster Management in Nonprofit Sector

The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for strengthening the competency of the non-profit sector, which plays an increasingly important role in the disaster management process. First of all, problems in the current public-private partnership were reviewed, and the direction of cooperative governance centered on the non-profit sector was presented. In addition, the study emphasized alternatives to strengthen the capabilities of volunteer organizations, which are representative non-profit organizations at disaster sites. Above all, disaster volunteer organizations need to secure a professional and differentiated status as a key decision-making stakeholder at disaster sites. As a result, the directions of change to strengthen the competency of the non-profit sector are organizational redesign through overall job analysis of the organization, securing expertise in disaster types occurring in the region, establishing one direction based on strategic planning. In addition, activation of communication to build trust with local residents and sophisticated decision-making and analysis skills will be required.

Changing the Underlying Conditions Relevant to Workplace Bullying through Organisational Redesign.

In view of the discrepancy between anti-bullying strategies used in organisations and knowledge of bullying that is grounded in the international scholarly literature, the aim of this study is to implement and evaluate an intervention program specifically targeting the root causes of workplace bullying by identifying, assessing, and changing the contexts of people management in which bullying arises. The present research describes the development, procedures, and co-design principles underpinning a primary intervention that is focused on improving organisational risk conditions linked to workplace bullying. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of this intervention using deductive and abductive approaches and multi-source data. Specifically, our quantitative analysis examines changes in job demands and resources as a central mechanism underlying how the intervention takes effect and provides support for job demands as a mediator. Our qualitative analysis expands the inquiry by identifying additional mechanisms that form the foundations of effective change and those that drive change execution. The results of the intervention study highlight the opportunity to prevent workplace bullying through organisational-level interventions and reveal success factors, underlying mechanisms, and key principles.

Adoption of novel biomarker test parameters with machine learning-based algorithms for the early detection of sepsis in hospital practice.

We aim (i) to redesign sepsis's clinical pathway and fit the organizational requirements of a novel machine-learning algorithm incorporating a novel biomarker test and (ii) to assess adoption drivers of the new combined technology. There is an urgent need to achieve sepsis' early detection and diagnostic excellence. A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews conducted at the target site and across other Italian hospitals. A content analysis was undertaken, emergent themes were selected and categorized, and interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Sixteen nurses (10 at the target site and six across other hospitals) and nine non-nursing professionals (seven at the target site and two across other hospitals) were interviewed. An organizational redesign was identified as the primary adoption driver. Even though nurses perceived workload increase related to the machine-learning component, technology acceptability was relatively high, as the standardization of tasks was perceived as crucial to improving professional satisfaction. A novel business-oriented solution based on machine learning requires interprofessional integration, new professional roles, infrastructure improvement, and data integration to be effectively implemented. Lessons learned from this study suggest the need to involve nurses in the early stages of the design of new machine-learning technologies and the importance of training nurses on sepsis management through the support of disruptive technological innovation.

Excellence, equity and efficiency in educational psychology service delivery: a journey

ABSTRACT Excellence, equity and efficiency are key drivers for improvement in Scotland’s education sector, including educational psychology. This paper discusses and evaluates the decisions taken by one Scottish Educational Psychology Service towards achieving the key outcomes of excellence, equity and efficiency through a redesign of their service delivery model. Evidence is presented regarding the impact of this journey towards achieving these key outcomes, and reflections made about the mechanisms which facilitated this process of organisational change and service redesign.

Educational Leadership as Accompaniment: From Managing to Cultivating Youth Activism

Background/Context: Youth activism, the broad-based leadership among young people who seek to challenge and build alternatives to oppressive social systems, has spread across the nation and globe. Yet youth activism is often hemmed in at school gates, particularly by school leaders charged with maintaining efficient school environments. Focus of Study: This article explores the roles and responsibilities of educational leaders committed to justice and asks: What does it mean to lead schools in times of (re)surgent youth activism? Research Design: To address this urgent question, we conducted an interdisciplinary review of youth participation in social movements that spans the fields of civic engagement, learning sciences, and social movement studies. Findings: We argue that youth activism offers profound sites of consequential learning, generative insights for organizational redesign, and imaginative visions for school and societal transformation. Based on these contributions, we offer the notion of educational leadership as accompaniment: a participatory praxis of leadership reflection and action that foregrounds an ethic of listening, attends to dominant forms of exclusion, and stands in solidarity with youth and their struggles for a more dignified and just world. Conclusions/Recommendations: Leadership as accompaniment challenges the deeply rooted managerial imperative in school administration scholarship and deepens opportunities for realizing existing leadership principles, such as those evident in the Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (PSEL). We conclude by discussing the social and material risks impacting those who exercise leadership as accompaniment, and consider what responsibilities such risks demand of education researchers.

TECHNOLOGICAL REENGINEERING OF PRODUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND MODERN INVESTMENT POLICY IN UKRAINE

The article outlines the conceptual issues of technological reengineering of problematic machine-building enterprises. Special attention is paid to production reengineering as the most attractive mechanism of innovative transformations. The essence and types of reengineering components are considered. Technological reengineering is offered as the basic tool of restoration of the domestic machine-building enterprises which have suffered during a pandemic and the military conflict in Ukraine. Investment policy is seen as the basis for transformation. It is noted that the main problems in the economy of Ukraine and, in particular, in machine-building enterprises are not limited to business processes, but rather lie in the plane of the principles of formation and functioning of modern technological processes. The solution to the problem of accelerating the development of new industries should be sought in the integrated use of innovation methodology. Accordingly, technological reengineering is considered as an effective mechanism for rehabilitation of problem enterprises based on a radical change in the technologies used. It should be carried out in combination with innovative engineering, organizational redesign of production relations and management system, social reengineering, business process reengineering and logistics reengineering. In fact, we are talking about purposeful innovative transformations in the production and technological sphere of competitively problematic enterprises.

A workplace organisational intervention to improve hospital nurses’ and physicians’ mental health: study protocol for the Magnet4Europe wait list cluster randomised controlled trial

IntroductionThe increasing burden of mental distress reported by healthcare professionals is a matter of serious concern and there is a growing recognition of the role of the workplace in creating...

Assessing Japan’s cybersecurity policy: change and continuity from 2017 to 2020

ABSTRACT Through close observation of Japanese cybersecurity policy between 2017 and 2020, I demonstrate that changes made to the policy during the period were kept to a modest level largely by the resilience of existing constraints on the use of force. Investigating a set of key Japanese government documents such as the Cybersecurity Strategy, National Defence Programme Guidelines and Midterm Defence Programme, I show that, while Japan did much to reduce its vulnerability to hostile cyber operations and enhance long-term security through organisational overhaul and operational redesign, the developments turned out to be more cumulative than revolutionary in nature. That is, Japan’s traditionally defensive defence posture continued to retain the restrained core of its cyber strategy, observable in the status-quo orientation of the legal system and compliance with the way the international community expects countries to behave in cyberspace. As such, I contend that structural impact will only emerge across government-led performance in the long run. The modest changes reflect Tokyo’s established preference to adopt a patchwork approach to enduring problems in cyberspace.

On the macroeconomic effects of news about innovations of information technology

Existing literature shows a strong relationship between innovations of information technology (IT) and their falling prices, which result in increased use of computer and information processing equipment, and related demand for investment and labor at the firm level. This paper investigates the macroeconomic effects of news about future IT innovations. Utilizing the maximum forecast error variance approach, we identify IT news shock from the real investment price on computers and related information processing equipment. We provide robust evidence that IT news shocks induce a co-movement in key macroeconomic variables, including output, labor hours, consumption, and investment in IT and non-IT sectors. The forecast error variance and historical decomposition analysis show that news shocks about future IT significantly contribute to business cycle fluctuations. Strong connections between news about future IT innovations and the macroeconomy suggest that news could affect firms’ investment and labor demand decisions when they undergo an organizational redesign to adopt new technology.

Effect of Organization Redesign Strategy on Performance of Commercial Banks in Nairobi County, Kenya

The capping of interest rates by the Central Bank of Kenya in September 2016, led to massive downsizing by commercial banks in Kenya to reduce costs, survive and generate profits. However, by the end of the financial year 2017 when banks that downsized were releasing their financial reports some banks had made a profit like Kenya Commercial Bank, Cooperative bank, while others including Family bank, Barclays among others had made losses. Therefore, it is not clear whether downsizing has a positive or a negative impact on banks’ profitability. The survey looked at the impact of organization redesign strategy on commercial bank financial performance. A descriptive research design was used. The research targeted 12 commercial banks in Kenya. The research targeted three managers from each bank in the following categories: senior, middle and supervisory level. Therefore, the target respondents were 36 managers. A census approach was adopted since the population size is not large. Data was gathered using structured questionnaires issued to bank managers. The data collected was quantitative and was sorted to ensure completeness. Findings revealed that organization redesign strategy had a positive and significant effect on commercial bank financial performance in Nairobi County. The study recommends that banks should diversify to increase their income levels. Banks also need to invest more in innovation, agency, and digital banking as the main drivers of bank diversification and distribution channels for banking products. Banks are also encouraged to unite to work together and survive in the market.

Hospital reorganization and its effects on physicians’ network churn: The role of past ties

Hospital reorganizations are difficult and often fail to produce their intended benefits. Prior research has investigated how and under which contingencies changes in organizational structure affect the modification of clinician behaviors, yet we know little about how organizational redesign interventions affect physicians' collaborative networks. This paper explores how hospital reorganizations affect physicians' network churn. We developed hypotheses on the relationship between structural characteristics of networks before reorganization and the formation of cross-unit network ties after reorganization. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 175 physicians in a large teaching hospital. The hospital had recently adopted a new organizational model aimed at enhancing a process-based approach to care delivery. Our findings revealed that the physicians' propensity to form cross-unit ties after the change was related to the structure of their collaborative networks before the change. In particular, the formation of cross-unit relations was negatively related to the size of advice networks before the reorganization. Furthermore, we found that the diversity of network ties along with the presence of structural holes in the physicians’ networks before the change moderated this relationship. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. In particular, our results may inform organizational redesign interventions within hospitals.

Organizational Redesign Through Digital Transformation: A Case Study in the Life Science Industry

AbstractIn the process of developing novel drugs to treat diseases, including COVID‐19, companies consistently face challenges of budget and schedule overruns. Most R&D contractors involved have their own execution model in handling systems complexity, however a traditional way of executing the projects may not be sustainable for the growth and competitiveness. The case study discussed is a life‐science company performing structure‐based drug design research services. The shift of organizational execution model is enabled by the digital assistance and associated with the recent organizational structure change from hierarchy‐based to matrix‐based. We focus on the redesign of working process in organizational execution, which is the key determinant for project productivity and quality. However, there is no official international standard regarding organizational interface management. Using human‐centered design and systems engineering methodology as well as the best practices from the case study, this study presents an approach to enable a digital transformation of such an organizational redesign with improved performance.

Redesigning the Games? The 2020 Olympic Games, Playbooks and new sports event risk management tools

ABSTRACT Rationale/Purpose More than a year into the pandemic, scholars and practitioners have highlighted several of the organizational implications of coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) on worldwide cultural festivals and sporting events. Following COVID-19, numerous major sporting events, including the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics, were postponed in February and March 2020. As the new dates of many rescheduled sporting events approach in time, the article discusses pressing questions related to sporting event risk, safety and security. Design/Methodology/Approach The paper is conceptual and employs insights and frames from the risk management literature for its examination of sporting events staged in the mid- and late 2020 and early 2021. Findings We analyse risk management strategies and safety practices at recent sporting events that have been staged throughout the pandemic. Our argument is that the rescheduled sporting events – exemplified by the 2020 Olympics – have been subject to organizational, social and spatial redesign processes. Practical Implications The paper can provide emerging lessons and considerations for sporting event stakeholders in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research Contributions The paper adds to our understanding of emerging risk management strategies and safety practices that event stakeholders have adopted in the context of COVID-19. This is supplemented by an emerging and multidisciplinary research agenda.