Organizational Redesign Research Articles

An Empirical Study: the Effects of Leadership, Organizational Structure, Organizational Culture on the Organizational Effectivenes

Sustainable growth of the organization under severe competitiveness needs to understand its organizational culture since, for the improvement of organizational effectiveness, it not only explains its members’ attitudes and behaviors but also affect organizational change including organizational redesign and innovation in the long run. The research tried to figure out the factors that affect organizational culture and organizational effectiveness using Structural Equation Modeling in the government company. The results are as follows. First, there were close relationships among leadership factor and culture factors. Second, leadership affected organizational culture and organizational effectiveness. Third, organizational structure was not statistically significant to the organizational culture and negatively affected organizational effectiveness. From these results, the research revealed that organizational culture and effectiveness would be more improved if leaders show their leadership more effectively. Received (September 23, 2015), Review Result(October 14, 2015) Accepted(October 20, 2015), Published(December 31, 2015) 305-730. Research Center for Water Policy and Economics, K-Water. Jeonmin-dong, Yusung-gu, Daejon, Korea. email: bclee@kwater.or.kr An empirical study: the effects of leadership, organizational structure, organizational culture on the organizational effectiveness Copyright c 2015 HSST 486 Keyword : leadership, organizational structure, organizational culture, organizational effectiveness,

Redesigning Poverty Alleviation Organization in Kendari

Poverty is a classical problem which needs organizational redesign in order to refresh, and renew the organization. This can be done by optimizing resources unification in each organization through innovation of organizational management and functions and renewal of the values shaping bureaucrats (referred to by Jokowi as Mental Revolution). This research aims at describing institutional model application and applying new institutional model (redesign) for the sustainability of poverty alleviation policy in Kendari. This is a qualitative research with experimental approach using developmental research pattern. The research describes that the application of institutional model in poverty alleviation in Kendari which is integrated in TKPKD is merely formal institutional setting and is assumed to have conventional framework. The attempt of applying organizational new design of poverty alleviation can be done by preparing the organization through institutional model improvement by optimizing the potentials of program correlated fields.

True User Involvement by People Living With HIV is Possible: Description of a User-driven HIV Clinic in Norway

The Greater Involvement of People Living with or Affected by HIV principle highlights the various contributions HIV-infected people can make in HIV program development and implementation. We present a unique example of how service users' involvement led to a complete organizational redesign of an outpatient HIV clinic in Southern Norway. We applied a user-driven, case study method, which showed that establishing a user board laid the foundation for the redesign process, as the board provided a clear infrastructure of user involvement and developed a set of user-defined targets for services. The main targets-optimal health, holistic care and treatment, and empowerment-were operationalized as a set of action points, such as establishing HIV nurse coordinators. While there is no single method for user involvement, we offer useful ideas that can help others develop an involvement project that is effective and sustainable.

Book Reviews

John W. Budd of the Center for Human Resources and Labor Studies, University of Minnesota reviews “Trade Unions in Western Europe: Hard Times, Hard Choices”, by Rebecca Gumbrell-McCormick and Richard Hyman. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the challenges facing trade unions and their responses in ten west European countries—Britain, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Italy. Discusses varieties of industrial relations and trade unionism; challenges and responses; renewing power resources—recruitment, representation, and mobilization; restructuring trade unionism—mergers and organizational redesign; bargaining in adversity—decentralization, social partnership, and the crisis; unions and politics—parties, alliances, and the battle of ideas; beyond national boundaries—unions, Europe, and the world; and reconciling strategy and democracy. Gumbrell-McCormick is Senior Lecturer in Management at Birkbeck College, University of London. Hyman is Emeritus Professor of Industrial Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science.”

Rediseño administrativo y organizacional para la Comercializadora 4x4 en la ciudad de Villavicencio - por Yessica Alejandra Benitez Barrera.

Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo de la investigación realizada a la Comercializadora 4x4, microempresa de la ciudad de Villavicencio. Su objetivo fue rediseñar la estructura administrativa y organizacional de la comercializadora 4x4 de modo que se fortalezcan los procesos y se direccione la empresa hacia la ampliación del mercado actual. Tanto la propuesta como el desarrollo de la investigación se enmarcaron dentro de teorías administrativas que direccionaron la elaboración de un diagnóstico completo de la organización, la formulación de una plataforma estratégica y la propuesta de rediseño organizacional orientada hacia los procesos, los cuales se caracterizaron por la recopilación de información, actualización y mecanismos de mejora. El desarrollo de la investigación involucró la participación del personal de la Comercializadora 4X4 y la asesoría de especialistas de la Universidad de Los Llanos.

Health Literate Healthcare Organizations and their Role in Future Healthcare

There is a growing need for a system change towards more patient-centred and health literate healthcare systems. One valuable approach for change on the system-level is the redesign of health organizations to health literate healthcare organizations (HLHO). This process requires sufficient efforts in teamwork, committed leadership and outcome monitoring. Nurses could make major contributions to the overall system change by integrating their expertise in the redesign of health care organizations in health literate ones.

The Role of the IT Department in Information System and Organizational Redesign.

This paper is based on a qualitative study of IT organization and clinical practice over a period of 3 years supported by additional data during the last 2 years. This paper argues that redesign is central to understanding and developing both healthcare information systems and organizations. The importance of the IT organization is also stressed throughout this paper as a pertinent partner and power when considering organizational change and learning in hospitals as it can serve both as a barrier and a catalyst of change and flexibility in the organization through information systems management. Therefore it is important to consider and secure appropriate forms for redesign and learning in cooperation with the IT department.

Organizing for Emergencies - Issues in Wildfire Fighting in Croatia

Croatia’s accession to the European Union implies inevitable changes in the national emergency management system. New requirements for adjustment in accordance with the EU standards and practices also apply to the fire- services organization. Harmonious functioning of a large number of relatively autonomous organizations related to the National Protection and Rescue Directorate necessitates clear decision-making authority and coordination mechanisms as well as a high level of interoperability and core competencies development. This paper gives an overview of the Croatian fire protection organization along with its accompanying legislation, followed by an analysis of identified problems, especially those concerning fighting of wildfire. In our research a survey questionnaire comprised of Likert-scale items was used to assess the attitudes and experiences of trained fire department members. The respondents reported a relatively low evaluation of effectiveness and appropriateness of the following key fire service attributes: organizational structure, legislation and firefighting logistics support. From the obtained results guidelines can be drawn for possible redesign of the emergency management organization, especially those concerning the fire protection service.

‘Lean’, new technologies and employment in public health services: employees' experiences in the National Health Service

This article considers employees' experiences of a major organisational redesign project, which sought to deploy robotics technologies to improve the performance of National Health Service pharmacy distribution in one part of the UK. The principles of Lean-type approaches partly informed the redesign project, with senior managers seeking to tap the benefits of new technologies to streamline processes, while also arguing that change would bring opportunities for upskilling and inter-professional collaboration. The project managed to avoid some of the negative consequences for job quality predicted by the critical literature on Lean-type approaches in public services. However, employees' experiences varied, with some reporting new engagement in learning and collaborative service delivery ‘nearer the patient’, while others complained of fewer opportunities to rotate across a variety of job roles. More fundamentally, employees questioned management's assumption that new technologies and Lean-type approaches are crucial to improved performance and better jobs. For many employees, both performance and job quality were compromised by the ‘leanness’ of staffing models, which limited opportunities for development and contributed to work intensification. This tension is likely to remain a key theme in employment relations in the UK and beyond for as long as the public sector faces financial austerity.

Fit Between Organization Design and Organizational Routines

Despite decades of research on both organization design and organizational routines, little research has analyzed the relationship between them. Here we propose a normative theory in which the effectiveness of organization design and redesign depends on the characteristics of routines. The analysis shows which types of organization designs may be useful as well as which design changes may or may not succeed depending on (a) the specificity of routines and (b) the dynamic versus static purposes of organizational routines.

A methodology for supporting strategy implementation based on the VSM: A case study in a Latin-American multi-national

Soft OR tools have increasingly been used to support the strategic development of companies at operational and managerial levels. However, we still lack OR applications that can be useful in dealing with the “implementation gap”, understood as the scarcity of resources available to organizations seeking to align their existing processes and structures with a new strategy. In this paper we contribute to filling that gap, describing an action research case study where we supported strategy implementation in a Latin American multinational corporation through a soft OR methodology. We enhanced the ‘Methodology to support organizational self-transformation’, inspired by the Viable System Model, with substantive improvements in data collection and analyses. Those adjustments became necessary to facilitate second order learning and agreements on required structural changes among a large number of participants. This case study contributes to the soft OR and strategy literature with insights about the promise and constraints of this soft OR methodology to collectively structure complex decisions that support organizational redesign and strategy implementation.

The unexpected side of relational e-HRM

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the organizational redesign opportunities currently offered by web-based technological innovations contribute to rebuilding and strengthening the employee-HR department relationship, rendering personnel management policy criteria more transparent, increasing perceived fairness and thus helping to instil trust in the HR department, albeit in a diverse virtual context.Design/methodology/approach– The authors designed a survey involving 526 Gen Y employees and tested the hypotheses using structural equation modelling analyses.Findings– The results confirm a positive relationship between relational e-HRM system adoption, procedural justice and trust in the HR department.Research limitations/implications– The results provide evidence that technology can support the development of institutional trust in virtual environments and thus contribute to the growing e-HRM literature, to the more consolidated strategic HRM research domain and to the debate on trust in technology-mediated relationships.Practical implications– The paper provides valuable and at times unexpected results on the new potential role of the HR department in the current fluid and insecure labour market, thereby forming the basis for defining some useful guidelines to design and implement the e-HRM architecture.Originality/value– The paper focuses on understanding how relational e-HRM could impact on the direct employee-HR department relationship, from the Gen Y employees perspective, that is almost neglected in the growing literature. Moreover it suggests some unexpected insights on the role of technology innovativeness in moderating the impact of e-HRM on trust in the HR department.

The Aspire to Inspire programme in aged care: the final chapter, one year on

Background and aims: The Aspire to Inspire practice development programme took place in the services within one region of an aged care provider in Australia. One year after it ended, the programme team looked back to see how practice development is faring in the region. Method: In this paper, we present a two part reflection one year on. We have drawn on individual reflections written by the programme team facilitators, and on the Person-Centred Care Framework. Conclusion: We found that strong values and beliefs were still present, especially among the programme facilitators and others who had been active in the practice development programme. We also found that a systematic approach and the use of facilitation in everyday work were still valued and that project team members were using a wide range of practice development methods, tools and processes in their new roles. We also found, unsurprisingly, that a wide scale organisational redesign weighed heavily on people, influencing their thinking and feeling about work and their commitment to the job. In summary – and this is tentative – more programmes and projects need to revisit how successful practice development has been in sustaining itself and its impact after formal programmes are completed. Implications for practice: There are implications for practice developers in terms of designing evaluation research and strategies. We found that although practice developers do seem to be more resilient than others during organisational redesign, major changes of this nature have a negative impact on the sustainability of practice development.

Developing Arizona Turnaround Leaders to Build High-Capacity Schools in the Midst of Accountability Pressures and Changing Demographics

Today’s accountability policies and changing demographics have created conditions in which leaders must rapidly build school capacity and improve outcomes in culturally diverse schools. This article presents findings from a mixed-methods evaluation of an Arizona Turnaround Leadership Development Project. The project drew on studies of turnaround leadership, capacity, and turnaround leadership development projects. Leadership teams attended institutes and regional coaching sessions focused on assessment literacy, curriculum, culturally responsive practices, organizational redesign, and community relationships. Results indicated gains in turnaround leadership knowledge and the importance of district support, full participation, and relationships with culturally diverse community members.

Development of Section 508–Compliant Document Production Protocols and Websites

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended in 1998, requires all federal agencies and recipients of federal funding to provide people with disabilities access to information that is comparable to the access available to others. The Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) in Massachusetts and its staff, Central Transportation Planning Staff (CTPS), are committed to both the letter and the spirit of Section 508. Most MPO information is available to the public in the form of documents. Thus, for CTPS, the key to making MPO information accessible was to make accessible its documents and the website that hosted these documents. This paper discusses how CTPS developed an accessible document-production protocol and an accessible website. The agency's document-production protocol had its basis in the use of document templates, which guaranteed consistency and accessibility. The development of an accessible website began with a review of the applicable standards and guidelines and with a redesign of the hierarchical organization of the site. The agency employed a content management system (CMS) to ameliorate the complexity of site development and maintenance. The use of a CMS greatly simplified the development of an accessible site. The paper also examines the special accessibility challenges, posed by pages with particularly rich, dynamic content (i.e., web applications), and some of the approaches that CTPS used to address them. The paper concludes with a discussion of the methodology used to test and validate the site's accessibility and points out the importance of a site-accessibility evaluation by an independent third party.

A nonparametric efficiency analysis of bus subsystem in Belgrade city, using DEA methods

One of the most important principles in the company is the principle of efficiency which consists in achieving the highest possible economic effects with minimum economic investment. In this paper, we present a nonparametric efficiency analysis, bus subsystems of public transport passengers Belgrade City, a sample of five small, three medium and two large companies. It was shown that the overall bus transport system has a low level of overall efficiency, only 0.66%. It was found that the economies of scale has no significant impact on the level of efficiency when it comes to classification that was generated for this study. Small and medium companies are in a worse situation than large companies when it comes to economies of scale. These results should indicate the necessity of the transport system and bus companies organizational and technological redesign.

Increasing knowledge worker productivity through a 'virtual mirror' of the social network

In this paper, we introduce a case study describing the combination of manual survey-based and e-mail-based social network analysis, complemented by an analysis of other electronic means of communication. We present a series of social network-based predictors for collaboration efficiency in knowledge worker teams. This paper illustrates a new way to increase efficiency in working together by analysing the social network of a team of 42 consultants in a high-tech company and comparing it with their utilisation. By bridging structure holes and eliminating bottlenecks, reducing stress for overburdened individuals, connecting isolated individuals and identifying the best network structures for high utilisation and increased job satisfaction our approach offers a blueprint for SNA-based organisational redesign and optimisation.

Combining Process Consultation and Structural Interventions

This article explores the compatibility of a process consulting stance with structural interventions intended to promote significant organizational redesign. Much of the existing literature on process consultation implies that this capacity‐building approach is best suited to relational or process concerns. However, Edgar Schein and other recent commentators have observed that structural issues are not precluded from its purview. Through a case study involving a process consulting stance in relation to a shifting range of structural concerns, this paper argues that the latter offers a feasible way of pursuing structural change. We also show that models focusing on structure allowed us to generate questions for our inquiry process. However, the paper also suggests that it is important to underpin the intervention with a sound grasp of the purpose and affordances of specific structural theories and to be watchful for the significant reserves of resistance that can be aroused when structural issues are tackled. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The second wave of digital-era governance: a quasi-paradigm for government on the Web

Widespread use of the Internet and the Web has transformed the public management 'quasi-paradigm' in advanced industrial countries. The toolkit for public management reform has shifted away from a 'new public management' (NPM) approach stressing fragmentation, competition and incentivization and towards a 'digital-era governance' (DEG) one, focusing on reintegrating services, providing holistic services for citizens and implementing thoroughgoing digital changes in administration. We review the current status of NPM and DEG approaches, showing how the development of the social Web has already helped trigger a 'second wave' of DEG(2) changes. Web science and organizational studies are converging swiftly in public management and public services, opening up an extensive agenda for future redesign of state organization and interventions. So far, DEG changes have survived austerity pressures well, whereas key NPM elements have been rolled back.

Strengths and weaknesses of Bogotá as an innovation hub: Towards the governance of the regional innovation system

Abstract Bogotá is facing constraints implemented in order to strengthen its innovation capabilities and to institutionalize itself as a Regional Innovation System (RIS). Even though the city has the largest number of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), research institutions, and technological development centres in Colombia, it is not yet positioned as an RIS. It will be necessary to do an organizational redesign in terms of the entities that comprise Bogotá and thereof its governance. The main key players of each environment were identified based on the primary role played by the different system elements. A comparative analysis was developed over time (evolution) and space (with other countries and levels of excellence) of some successful innovation cities through a methodology called Innovacities. This methodology allowed for identification of the size of the backlog confronted by the city at the frontier of technological development worldwide and the most critical factors needed to generate the breakthrough innovations to achieve world-class level.