Organizational-level Factors Research Articles

Organizational Social Capital and Performance Information use: The Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation

This article examines the mediating role of public service motivation (PSM) between organizational social capital and performance information use. This topic is worth studying since it allows to understand how organizational level factors and individual level traits interact. Using a multiple informant survey distributed to county managers in Florida, this article finds support that organizational social capital is an important predictor of performance information use, and that this relationship is mediated by the role of PSM. The article concludes with recommendations on how to capitalize on these internal resources for the effective implementation of performance management reforms and practices.

How Bias Impacted the Project Manager Decision to Not Terminate a Failing Project

Almost half of projects have failed globally during the last 50 years yet most studies in the literature review were inclusive. The research design was a robust repeated measures controlled experiment where the 16 participants received all treatments, which may be contrasted to a similar 4 x 4 factorial experiment with a control group (common in psychology or healthcare) resulting in a group size of only 4. All but the individual project manager (PM) factors were controlled, while primary demographic and behavior data were collected. PM’s were tested for competence using a risk management scenario, and given two manipulated conditions (a basic and a biased treatment). Since the organizational and project level factors were controlled, some individual level factors impacted the decision. PM’s with higher competence made better decisions, with a 22% effect size, when all other factors in the model were accounted for. Competent non-certified PM’s made better decisions as compared to certified incompetent PM’s.

Mixed-methods study to examine the response of opioid addiction treatment programmes to COVID-19: a study protocol

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes to clinical practice within traditional addiction treatment programmes, including the increased use of telehealth, reduced restrictions on methadone administration (eg, increased availability of take-home...

Birth Doula Care in California During COVID-19: The Impacts of Social Distancing on a High-Touch Helping Profession.

Birth doulas were deemed “non-essential” personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic and were generally excluded from attending hospital births in person. This study documents the impacts of pandemic-related contextual factors on birth doula care in the San Francisco Bay Area, examines how doulas adapted their services, and explores implications for policy and practice. We employed a contextually bound qualitative case study methodology driven by social action theory and conducted interviews with 15 birth doulas. The pandemic disrupted physical settings, the social environment, communication modalities, contractual arrangements, and organizational level factors. The historical context also amplified awareness of institutionalized racism in birth settings and highlighted birth doulas’ advocacy role. Striking deficits exist in birth doulas’ integration into US healthcare systems; this made their services uniquely vulnerable to the pandemic circumstances. Birth doulas’ value ought to be more formally recognized within health policy, health insurance, and hospital systems as complementary care to that provided by medical providers to improve access to high-quality perinatal care.

The impacts of supervisor support, role perception, and emotional exhaustion on the turnover intentions of real estate brokers

This study investigated the factors affecting turnover tendency of real estate brokers. The impact of individual-level factors (role conflict, role ambiguity, interpersonal conflict, and emotional exhaustion) and organizational-level factors (supervisor support and group trust) on turnover intentions was assessed. A hierarchical linear mediation modeling approach was used. A questionnaire was administered to real estate brokers working at real estate companies in Kaohsiung City. Ten questionnaires were administered to each of the selected 97 branch offices. Of the 970 questionnaires, 393 were recovered from 71 branches, and after omitting 43 invalid responses, there were 350 valid questionnaires from 59 branches, indicating an effective response rate of 36.1 %. The empirical results showed that interpersonal conflict mediated the impact of supervisor support on emotional exhaustion, with a full mediating effect being observed. Group trust did not mediate the impact of supervisor support on turnover tendency, which was direct, negative, and statistically significant. Job satisfaction partially mediated the impact of emotional exhaustion on turnover intentions. Our results suggest that supervisor support and emotional exhaustion, at the organizational and individual level, respectively, had the greatest impacts on turnover intentions. This demonstrates the importance of supervisor support and emotional exhaustion when researching turnover intentions.

Multilevel factors associated with inequities in multidisciplinary cancer consultation.

To assess changes in the prevalence of multidisciplinary cancer consultations (MDCc) over the last decade and examine patient, surgeon, hospital, and neighborhood factors associated with receipt of MDCc among individuals diagnosed with cancer. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data from 2006 to 2016. We used time-series analysis to assess change in MDCc prevalence from 2007 to 2015. We also conducted multilevel logistic regression with random surgeon- and hospital-level effects to assess associations between patient, surgeon, neighborhood, and health care organization-level factors and receipt of MDCc during the cancer treatment planning phase, defined as the 2months following cancer diagnosis. We identified Medicare beneficiaries >65 years of age with surgically resected breast, colorectal (CRC), or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I-III (n=103,250). From 2007 to 2015, the prevalence of MDCc increased from 35.0% to 61.2%. Overall, MDCc was most common among patients with breast cancer compared to CRC and NSCLC. Cancer patients who were Black, had comorbidities, had dual Medicare-Medicaid coverage, were residing in rural areas or in areas with higher Black and Hispanic neighborhood composition were significantly less likely to have received MDCc. Patients receiving surgery at disproportionate payment-sharing or rural-designated hospitals had 2% (95% CI: -3.55, 0.58) and 17.6% (95% CI: -21.45, 13.70), respectively, less probability of receiving MDCc. Surgeon- and hospital-level effects accounted for 15% of the variance in receipt of MDCc. The practice of MDCc has increased over the last decade, but significant geographical and health care organizational barriers continue to impede equitable access to and delivery of quality care across cancer patient populations. Multilevel and multicomponent interventions that target care coordination, health system, and policy changes may enhance equitable access to and receipt of MDCc.

Generativity among persons providing or receiving peer or mutual support: A scoping review.

People with lived experience of mental illness or distress can help others recover through peer or mutual support. One way they may help others recover is by fostering generativity, which refers to one's concern for and contributions toward the betterment of others, including future generations (e.g., through caregiving, engaging in civics). Generativity may add purpose to one's life, benefit society, and improve areas which persons with lived experience feel are important for their recovery. Despite its importance, the state of knowledge on experiences and facilitators of generativity, as well as the impact that engaging in generativity has on the lives of persons engaged in peer or mutual support, is unclear. A librarian-assisted scoping review of the literature was conducted in five steps: identifying the research question and relevance; selecting studies; charting data; and coding and summarizing the results. Out of 11,862 articles that were screened, only 18 met eligibility criteria. Most studies were conducted in the United States and included White/Caucasian participants. Our synthesis produced themes related to generative actions, which included helping others, changing organizations and systems, and sharing personal stories. Themes describing facilitators of generativity included individual-level and organizational-level factors. One theme reflecting the positive psychosocial impact of engaging in generativity was produced. Findings from this study point to several knowledge gaps to be investigated in future research and can facilitate the implementation of peer support initiatives aimed at fostering generativity, which may in turn promote recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Attitudes and access to resources and strategies to improve quality of radiotherapy among US radiation oncologists: A mixed methods study.

We aimed to assess contouring-related practices among US radiation oncologists and explore how access to and use of resources and quality improvement strategies vary based on individual- and organization-level factors. We conducted a mixed methods study with a sequential explanatory design. Surveys were emailed to a random 10% sample of practicing US radiation oncologists. Participating physicians were invited to a semi-structured interview. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and a multivariable regression model were used to evaluate associations. Interview data were coded using thematic content analysis. Survey overall response rate was 24%, and subsequent completion rate was 97%. Contouring-related questions arise in ≥50% of clinical cases among 73% of respondents. Resources accessed first include published atlases (75%) followed by consulting another radiation oncologist (60%). Generalists access consensus guidelines more often than disease-site specialists (P = 0.04), while eContour.org is more often used by generalists (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.2-14.8) and younger physicians (OR 1.33 for each 5-year increase, 95% CI 1.08-1.67). Common physician-reported barriers to optimizing contour quality are time constraints (58%) and lack of access to disease-site specialists (21%). Forty percent (40%, n = 14) of physicians without access to disease-site specialists indicated it could facilitate the adoption of new treatments. Almost all (97%) respondents have formal peer review, but only 43% have contour-specific review, which is more common in academic centres (P = 0.02). Potential opportunities to improve radiation contour quality include improved access to disease-site specialists and contour-specific peer review. Physician time must be considered when designing new strategies.

Exploring the sustainability of perinatal audit in four district hospitals in the Western Cape, South Africa: a multiple case study approach

IntroductionMaternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) is an intervention process that uses a continuous cycle of identification, notification and review of deaths to determine avoidable causes followed by...

Do Multiple I-Deals in a Team Help or Hinder Team Outcomes? A Resource Scarcity Perspective

Idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) are individualized employment arrangements negotiated and agreed upon by individual employees and their organization. This study addresses an emerging conundrum in i-deals research—whether the prevalence of i-deals in teams helps or hinders team outcomes. Because teams in which i-deals are prevalent receive more resources and status, they may be more cohesive and engage in more supportive behaviors. On the other hand, because i-deals differentiate among team members, teams in which i-deals are prevalent may be less cohesive and less inclined to engage in OCB. To solve this puzzle, we draw from a resource scarcity perspective to posit that understanding intra-team i-deal dynamics requires taking into account both organizational-level (i.e., organizational i-deal scarcity) and team-level (i.e., team power structure) factors. Using data from 40 organizations, 166 teams, and 1016 employees, we disentangle the complex interplay among the prevalence of i-deals in a team, organizational i-deal scarcity, and intra-team power structure in predicting both team cohesion and intra-team OCB.

Patient-level and organizational-level factors influencing in-hospital falls.

In-hospital fall is one key safety issue in a healthcare setting. Although healthcare providers apply several strategies for preventing falls, falls still occur in hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate patient-level and organizational-level factors influencing in-hospital falls. A multicentre retrospective observational study. This study used the national healthcare database and supplemented with organizational data obtained through a survey. Data extraction and survey were conducted between July and August 2020. A mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to analyse factors influencing in in-hospital falls. A total of 43,286 patients admitted in 86 hospitals were included in this study. Fall rate was 0.85 per 1000 days. Length of stay was significantly longer for fall patients than for no-fall patients. Patient-level factors (including age, mobility impairment and surgery) and organizational-level factors (including nurse staffing and proportion of new nurses) were significant factors influencing in-hospital falls. Since in-hospital falls increase economic burden to patients, we should consider various fall prevention strategies to reduce falls. For a strategy to be applied stably to patients, organizational factors must be supported. Proactive fall management in acute settings is essential to ensure patient safety. Considering that the number of patients with fall risk is increasing due to ageing, organizational factors should be supported to provide quality nursing care for fall risk patients. Therefore, nurse leaders should primarily ensure an appropriate level of nurse staffing. They also need to make efforts to strengthen clinical competency of nurses.

Developing a conceptual model for studying various points of delays and underlying factors in the emergency healthcare system

To review various literature related to emergency healthcarerelated delays and synthesize a conceptual framework for future research. Critical Interpretative Synthesis is employed to analyze and develop themes from selected articles. A total of 25 articles were selected for analysis after the careful selection process. Diseases including acute heart disease, stroke, pneumonia, infections, and gastrointestinal disorders were included. During analysis, three major phases of delays emerged: pre-hospital delay, inhospital delay, and ambulance off-load delay. Various factors, including socioeconomic factors, health system factors, organizational level factors, etc., are related to delays in emergency care settings. The model evolved from this literature analysis is similar to the 3 delays model. This review identified three significant delay segments related to emergency health care management.

Telework and Worker Health and Well-Being: A Review and Recommendations for Research and Practice.

Telework (also referred to as telecommuting or remote work), is defined as working outside of the conventional office setting, such as within one’s home or in a remote office location, often using a form of information communication technology to communicate with others (supervisors, coworkers, subordinates, customers, etc.) and to perform work tasks. Remote work increased over the last decade and tremendously in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to review and critically evaluate the existing research about telework and worker health and well-being. In addition, we review and evaluate how engaging in this flexible form of work impacts worker health and well-being. Specifically, we performed a literature search on the empirical literature related to teleworking and worker health and well-being, and reviewed articles published after the year 2000 based on the extent to which they had been discussed in prior reviews. Next, we developed a conceptual framework based on our review of the empirical literature. Our model explains the process by which telework may affect worker health and well-being in reference to individual, work/life/family, organizational, and macro level factors. These components are explained in depth, followed by methodological and fundamental recommendations intended to guide future research, policies, and practices to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms associated with telework, and offer recommendations for future research.

Journalistic Practices on Twitter: A Comparative Visual Study on the Personalization of Conflict Reporting on Social Media

AbstractPurposeUsing a mixed-method approach, this comparative study unpacks the way journalists personalized the controversial Yemen Civil War by examining the patterns of visual framing on Twitter. It further explores the influence of the individual level factor (home country or foreign identity of the journalist) and organizational level factor (countries affiliated with news organizations directly or indirectly involved in the conflict), on images shared on the Twitter platform.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis and a semiotic analysis of 2880 image tweets were used to investigate the different visual narratives related to the conflict and the extent of personalized journalism on Twitter.FindingsThe content analysis showed that while journalists offered some personalized reporting, by and large, they preferred to adopt a neutral stance when reporting the conflict. The semiotic analysis complemented the findings and identified more broadly that the image tweets analyzed emphasized the classic war-as-a-tragedy narrative, while at the same time shedding some light on the political conflict.Practical implicationsResearchers are given guidance into journalistic practices on social media and a deeper understanding of the extent and role of personalized journalism of conflict on Twitter.Social implicationsThis study captured the fluctuating role of journalists on Twitter. Journalists occasionally fluctuated in their visual roles between being neutral observers and moral agents. These fluctuations were likely influenced by an array of factors, including the journalist’s home country or foreign identity and the country affiliation of news organizations they were working for.Originality/valueThis is the first study to show that journalists from different backgrounds have remained somehow obliged to carry on with their journalistic roles on Twitter. It also sheds light on different levels of influences on personalized war coverage on social media and extend the hierarchy of influence model (Shoemaker, Pamela & Stephen Reese. 1996.Mediating the Message; Theories of influence on mass media content. New York: Longman) in the context of personalized reporting on Twitter. It thus adds to the growing body of knowledge on how this model plays out in an online-first era, especially in non-western contexts.

Consultation and professional development within the prolonged exposure initiative.

Previous studies have identified that ongoing consultation and organizational support are key factors in sustaining evidence-based implementation initiatives in community mental health. Clinician-level factors likely influence implementation but are not well delineated. This study assessed clinician-reported professional development incentives for participating in consultation in prolonged exposure (PE) therapy to guide future evidence-based practice (EBP)initiatives. Providers in the PE initiative (N = 22) completed a survey asking about their motivations to participate, the impact of consultation on the implementation of PEand their professional development goals, and the impact of organizational-level support on their goals and on organizational-level clinician turnover. Of the respondents, 10 had decided to pursue additional training to become PE consultants at their agencies. Providers (response rate = 22/35) reported joining the PE Initiative to learn an evidence-based practice in general (not PE specifically) and increase their skill in treating posttraumatic stress disorder. Providers largely found ongoing consultation helpful and reported that consultation provided the feedback and support necessary to achieve their professional goals. Providers who decided to pursue PE consultant training reported that expanding upon supervision and clinical skills were strong motivators. Providers largely attributed clinician turnover within the PE Initiative to organizational-level factors. Ongoing consultation facilitated providers' professional development goals. The survey identified several areas for further exploration, including how consultation can reduce clinician turnover, and how taking on additional responsibility within implementation initiatives can facilitate provider engagement in the EBP.

Exploring Provider Perspectives on Implementing Coordinated Specialty Care: A Qualitative Study.

This study aimed to explore clinician roles and experiences related to the implementation and sustainability of coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs for first episode psychosis. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 CSC providers and team members, recruited from five CSC programs. Using a semi-structured guide, interviews explored experiences with the delivery of CSC in the context of community-based outpatient mental health agencies and the challenges with implementation. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes were parsed into two overarching categories, provider, and organizational-level factors, and further distilled into subthemes which interacted with one another to form an interacting web of barriers to successful programmatic implementation for CSC programs. Study findings have important implications for development of future policy for financing mental health agencies, the creation of additional materials, supports for the model, and hiring and retention of staff for future implemented CSC programs.

Practice Billing for Medicare Advance Care Planning Across the USA.

Medicare introduced billing codes in 2016 to encourage clinicians to engage in advance care planning (ACP) and promote goal-concordantend-of-life care, but uptake has been modest. While prior research examined individual-level factors in ACP billing, organization-level factors associated with physician practices billing for ACP remain unknown. Examine the role of practices in ACP billing. Retrospective cohort study analyzing 2016-2018 national Medicare data. A total of 53,926 practices with at least 10 attributed Medicare beneficiaries. Outcomes were practice-level ACP billing (any use by the practice) and ACP use rate by practice-attributed beneficiaries. Practice characteristics were number of beneficiaries attributed to the practice; percentage of beneficiaries by race, Medicare-Medicaid dual enrollment, sex, and age; practice size; and specialty mix. Fifteen percent of practices billed for ACP. In adjusted models, we found higher odds of ACP billing and higher ACP use rates among practices with more primary care physicians (billing AOR: 10.01, 95%CI: 8.81-11.38 for practices with 75-100% (vs 0) primary care physicians), and those serving more Medicare beneficiaries (billing AOR: 4.55, 95%CI 4.08-5.08 for practices with highest (vs lowest) quintile of beneficiaries), and larger shares of female beneficiaries (billing AOR: 3.06, 95% CI 2.01-4.67 for 75-100% (vs <25%) female ). Several years after Medicare introduced ACP reimbursements for physicians, relatively few practices bill for ACP. ACP billing was more likely in large practices with a greater percentage of primary care physicians. To increase ACP billing uptake, policymakers and health system leaders might target interventions to larger practices where a small number of physicians already bill for ACP and to specialty practices that serve as the primary source of care for seriously ill patients.

Individual-Level Factors are Significantly More Predictive of Employee Innovativeness Than Job-Specific or Organization-Level Factors: Results From a Quantitative Study of Health Professionals.

Individual innovativeness is particularly indispensable among health professionals. The healthcare environment is complex and its knowledge workers must continually adapt to change and be comfortable with ambiguity. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of individual, job-specific, and organizational factors on innovative output of health professionals. Employed Canadian Registered Dietitians (n = 237) completed an online survey incorporating relevant validated tools, including the 10-item Big Five Inventory and the Alberta Context Tool. Factors were classified by level and introduced in blocks to a multivariate linear regression model, with the outcome of self-reported innovative output. Factors included in the model explained 44% of variation in self-reported innovative output. Although all blocks contributed significantly to the model, minimal variation was explained by factors at the job-specific (4%) and organizational levels (4%). Factors at the individual level most predictive of innovative output were role innovation, the personality trait of conscientiousness and voluntary membership in a professional association. To encourage employee innovativeness, health administrators, and managers of health professionals should consider how best to incorporate screens for individual-level indicators of innovative output (eg, personality tests) in their institutional hiring and selection processes.

Underrepresentation of Women Managers in the Boardroom: Evidence from the Sri Lankan Financial Sector

Despite the satisfactory progression of women in workforce over the years, recognition of women in the upper echelons of the finance sector is still falling behind. This study examines the impediments that hinder women's representation in the boardrooms in Sri Lankan private sector finance organizations using Ragins and Sundstrom's (1989) four levels of analysis as the theoretical lens. We employed thematic analysis to explain how the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and social level factors affect the participation and progression of the female workforce. Perceived glass ceiling, individual role choices, the inadequacy of role models and mentoring, lack of networking opportunities, gendered organizational structures and socio-cultural norms were identified as pivotal factors affecting the glass ceiling. Understanding the interrelationship between these factors helps us to better understand the phenomenon of female leadership in organizations.

종합사회복지관 실무자의 이용자중심실천에 영향을 주는 요인

This study was conducted to identify the effect of social worker s and agency level indicators affecting on client-centered practice of social welfare center practitioners. To that end, a survey was conducted on 203 social workers at social welfare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon. To answer a major research question in this study, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted by inputing demographics, worker and organizational level factors to predict levels of practitioners client-centered practice. Findings indicated that personal communication ability in worker level indicators and innovative organizational culture of organizational level indicators. Alongside with implications regarding programs that can strengthen the communication skills of practitioners, other practical suggestions are also discussed in the conclusion.