Participation In Organizations Research Articles

War in Ukraine and the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care

The purpose of this scientific article is to identify the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care.
 The article focuses on the role of such international non-governmental organizations during the war in Ukraine: the Red Cross Committee, the World Medical Association, the International Pharmaceutical Federation, etc.
 International cooperation of states in the field of health care is a complex of legal means and institutions that the subjects of international public law - states - use to achieve common goals in the field of health care, which is implemented in the forms of multilateral and bilateral participation and is carried out accordingly to generally recognized principles and norms of international law. It can be carried out with the participation of both states and international intergovernmental organizations, but not international public organizations.
 The subject of international legal relations in the field of health care can only be that international organization that is endowed by its member states with special competence, defined in its charter. The term “international intergovernmental organization” is not synonymous with the term “international public organization”.
 The participation of non-governmental legal entities in activities in the field of health care does not contradict the norms of international law, however, they are not subjects of international legal relations in the field of health care, because they are not endowed by the states with special competence, which would be determined in their statute.

Multi-level analysis of the determinants of physical domestic violence against children using longitudinal data from MINIMat mother-child cohort in Bangladesh.

Despite high levels of physical violence against children (VAC) globally (40-50%), the literature on the determinants of VAC remains inconclusive. Most of the literature on this topic is based on cross-sectional data, and the multi-level nature of the drivers of VAC is widely ignored. This leads to model specification problems and an inability to draw causal inferences. Moreover, despite the higher prevalence of VAC in low-and middle-income countries, studies from high income countries dominate the field. We examined the determinants of physical domestic VAC to address these gaps in the literature. Data were collected between 2001 and 2020 from 762 mother-child dyads recruited in the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab (MINIMat) study in Bangladesh. We conducted multi-level logistic regression analyses to identify the determinants of physical domestic VAC. Prevalence of physical domestic violence against girls (69%) and boys (62%) was extremely high. Community-level prevalence of physical domestic VAC increased the likelihood of physical domestic VAC at the individual level across gender (girls - OR-5.66; 95% CI- 3.11-10.32; boys - OR-7.67; CI- 3.95-14.91). While physical domestic violence against mothers was not associated with physical domestic violence against girls, it reduced the likelihood of such violence against boys by 47%. Having 3 or more siblings predicted physical domestic violence against girls (OR-1.97; 95% CI- 1.01-3.81 for 3 siblings; OR-4.58; 95% CI- 2.12-9.90 for 4 or more siblings), but not against boys. While girls in Hindu families were more likely to experience this violence, the boys were not. Mother's education, employment non-governmental organization (NGO) participation and, household wealth did not predict this violence against any gender. We contend that physical domestic violence against mothers reflects an emphasized patriarchal culture in a family where a boy is less likely to experience physical domestic violence. Social norms and social learning theories explain the greater likelihood of a child experiencing physical domestic violence in a village with a higher level of such violence. We conclude that social norms around physical domestic VAC and patriarchal culture need to be changed to effectively address this violence.

Navigating Educational Challenges in Pakistan: Unraveling Issues and Proposing Remedies

This study investigates challenges within Pakistan's education system and proposes solutions, exploring changes since independence and their impacts. Education's gradual yet impactful influence on the social, political, and cultural landscape is acknowledged, emphasizing its role in organizational problem-solving, design, and globalized, quality-based systems. The article scrutinizes the current state of education in Pakistan, utilizing a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches with a reliance on secondary data. The discussion focuses on configuration, access, excellence, future projections, and persistent issues in Pakistan's education system. Balancing quality and quantity are crucial, ensuring education cultivates individuals capable of ethically contributing to societal development objectives. The study emphasizes using education as a catalyst to actively engage the brightest youth in the country's development. Recommendations include implementing projects to raise awareness about the benefits of the educational system, elevating standards, encouraging participation in organizations creating educational opportunities, and adapting education to contemporary circumstances. Fostering stakeholder interaction is proposed to identify problems and explore potential solutions

Innovative Supervision on Organizational Networks: finding the suitable scale.

Introduction: Organizing integrated care in networks of collaborating care organizations is a complex challenge. One of the aspects of this challenge concerns determining the suitable scale of such networks. Scale is not a simple question of macro/meso/micro but an outcome of the interplay between many different interests, values and perceptions of organizations participating in a network. Another aspect of the challenge of integrated networks is the organization of the supervision of these networks. Contemporary arrangements and instruments for supervision are mostly aimed at individual organizations and not aimed at a integrated network of organizations and the specific functioning of such a network. Supervision on a network as-a-whole instead of individual participant, could make it more feasible for those participants to overcome their own specific interest in order to strive for the common interest of the network.
 Organizing innovative supervision on networks and determining the suitable for networks are two connected and interfering challenges. Our workshop will inform about this challenge and on our first research findings from the extensive research program “External and Internal Supervision Methods and Modalities for Organizational Networks Addressing Complex Societal Issues (EISON)”, developed by Professor Minkman, amongst others.
 Context & problem: Integral care networks are already always searching and negotiating for het most suitable scale for there endeavors. What are the borders of the network, which organizations should be included? There are several factors in play to determine the suitable scale, in dynamic and complex ways. Meanwhile, when a network is formed, both internal and external supervision of the network should be organized in an innovative manner. This is in itself a puzzling task, and the dynamic and negotiation of finding a suitable scale makes it even harder. 
 Target audience: We aim to check and validate our initial findings, valuable to improve the discussion about the appropriate scale of integrated care network, and what this means for the supervision of the network-as-a-whole. Our primary target audience consists of participants in long term care organizations operating in integral networks and directors of those participating organizations. However, all professionals involved in integrated care networks can participate.
 Facilitation: The workshop will be facilitated by Sander Merkus, senior researchers at Vilans. He will be accompanied by two other researchers from the EISON project - these are yet to be determined, but would probably be Roman Pankow (Tilburg University) and Marjolein Camphuijsen (VU Amsterdam). 
 
 They will first give and introduction (10 minutes), then continue with a case study example and preliminary findings (20 minutes). Then we will engage in active interaction with the audience, in order to reflect on the findings: are they recognizable, are there any examples from other networks that the members of the audience can give (20 minutes), and we will finish with 5 minutes of feedback and closing, summarizing the key learnings to take home: an increased consciousness for the importance of innovative network supervision, while increasing the sensitivity for matters of scale in integrated care networks. 

Three-Party Evolutionary Game Analysis of IoT Platform Knowledge Hiding Under Organization Participation from the Perspective of Stakeholders

The 21st century is an era of rapid development of high-tech industry. Through continuous collection and sharing of data, IoT technology connected by things has penetrated into every aspect of human life. Modern organizations find that they increasingly rely on knowledge and information sharing and interconnection to enhance their innovation and development capabilities. Therefore, this paper studies the strategic decision-making of knowledge sharing among employees on the IoT platform drawing on evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a three-party game model composed of “organization-knowledge sharers-knowledge seekers” from the perspective of stakeholders, and discusses the strategic choice of organization and employee behavior under the dynamic decision mechanism and when the game reaches equilibrium and stability. Moreover, this paper uses MATLAB 2016a to simulate the model. The results show that under the premise of higher organizational rewards, synergistic benefits, high-shared extra income, knowledge-sharing preferences, incentive preferences of the organization, the system is easier to reach the ideal state. With the smaller cost of sharing and incentive, organization and employees are more willing to be motivators and sharers, while the incentive degree of organization should be controlled within a reasonable range. This paper can provide specific theoretical and practical guidance for the practice of organizational knowledge management.

Университетская «точка кипения» как инструмент развития образования, науки, технологий, а также поддержки социальных проектов некоммерческих организаций

Support of scientific, educational and technological initiatives of youth associations and non-profit organiza-tions is an important aspect in the development of Russian science and education. The participation of higher education organizations in the implementation of such initiatives makes it possible to ensure partnership be-tween scientists, representatives of public associations, as well as students and teachers. A system of support for social initiatives of the non-profit sector has been created and is actively developing in Russia. This study will consider the additional potential for the development of the support system for non-profit organizations at the expense of state and non-state organizations, including through the activities of the university “Boiling Point”, which actually performs the functionality of the resource center for NGO support. The team of authors in this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the support of social initiatives of non-profit organizations and youth associations in the “Boiling Point” of the State University of Management (SUM), which took first place in Russia in terms of the number of events and visitors.

Losing trust when pursuing development: How automation hindered political trust in China?

The side effects of automation on the economy have been discussed frequently, but little is known regarding its political consequences. This paper examines the causal effect that automation induces on political costs for the local government. By combining the national individual-level panel data of political trust with the prefecture-level robot exposure rate in China, we find that the development of automation would reduce individuals’ political trust in the Chinese local government. Furthermore, we explore the channels through which the automation process could affect political trust, namely the risk of unemployment, intensified pessimism about local government, higher downside risk, and declining organization participation. This paper provides empirical evidence for the impact of automation and the source of political legitimacy, emphasizing the crucial role of governments in coping with technological progress and making good use of endogenous creative destruction.

Legal basis and international standards for ensuring the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons by local government bodies

The article is devoted to researching the legal foundations and international standards of ensuring the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons by local self-government bodies. The article draws attention to the fact that the relevance of the study of international legislation regarding the status of internally displaced persons is determined by the degree of analysis of international legal acts related to the protection of internally displaced persons and the procedure for their reception and accommodation by local self-government bodies, as well as the identification of interesting positions on the determination of the status of internally displaced persons persons in some foreign countries with the possibility of their introduction into national legislative practice. It is concluded that due to the rapid spread of forced internal displacement around the world, the million number of internally displaced persons in Ukraine, the need to create a single international document, for example, the UN Convention on the Protection of the Rights and Freedoms of Internally Displaced Persons, is ripe. Attention is drawn to the fact that Ukraine can initiate the creation of such a document, since it is at the center of problems related to mass internal displacement of persons and is actively considering ways to solve them, including the creation of a special legislative framework and the provision of legal and social guarantees. The article emphasizes that in order to effectively solve these issues, it is necessary to hold joint discussions with the participation of international organizations and state authorities, local self-governments and public organizations of Ukraine, which are involved in this process. Decisions related to the improvement of the legal regulation of ensuring the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons should be made taking into account international standards for the protection of human rights and norms of international humanitarian law, as well as taking into account the national experience and the experience of other countries regarding the activities of local authorities in this sphere.

Strengths and Constraints of International NGO Involvement in Social Assistance

In recent years, as a result of frequent political unrest and catastrophic events caused by natural disasters, there has been a growing international demand for objects capable of participating in social relief. In addition to most sovereign states and intergovernmental international organizations, international non-governmental organizations are also active in social relief, and they have made outstanding contributions to the defense of human rights, refugee relief, the prevention of infectious diseases, and other related relief work. Therefore, this paper analyzes the advantages and limitations of the participation of international non-governmental organizations in social relief by means of literature review and theoretical analysis. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can provide targeted help to countries in trouble in different aspects. However, due to their own problems, including becoming a political tool for some countries, and a lack of funds, they have also caused some negative impacts on the relief activities of international NGOs. NGOs need to recognize these concerns and find a balanced solution.

International law in the China–Russian energy partnership: mapping the partnership-based relational approach

Abstract Over the past decades, the China–Russian energy partnership has become firmly established. Significant milestones such as the 2009 oil and the 2014 gas deals demonstrate the geopolitical impact of this partnership. The article finds that the China–Russian energy cooperation uses a partnership-based relational approach that eschews rulemaking by treaty. Instead, the legal framework of this partnership is multi-layered and has distinct features. It relies heavily on bilateralism, pragmatic cooperation, and non-binding commitments. A range of instruments applies at the bilateral level, including a bilateral investment treaty, energy cooperation agreements, intergovernmental agreements on significant energy deals, and many joint communiques and statements of a soft law nature. Regarding regional energy governance, China and Russia prefer different approaches, as reflected in their participation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian Economic Union, and the Belt and Road Initiative. While these regional mechanisms contribute to the energy partnership, their impact on the legal framework is limited.

Trauma-informed interactions within a trauma-informed homeless service provider: Staff and client perspectives.

This study aims to provide practical insights for developing trauma-informed interaction strategies between service providers and participants in homeless service organizations (HSOs).Twelve providers and 17 participants were interviewed for a qualitative study on trauma-informed care (TIC) within an HSO.Thematic analysis revealed six themes regarding provider approaches to TIC interactions with participants: provide a sounding board, promote safety, foster understanding and respect, build relationships and trust, facilitate connection to services, and ensure flexibility in service provision. Participants noted three themes regarding their views of TIC interactions with providers: possess education and experience, build relationships and trust, and demonstrate supportive interpersonal styles.This study describes the application of TIC within an HSO, emphasizing the importance of supportive, positive interactions that promote understanding, respect, and trust. It highlights key factors in service provision. The findings expand our understanding of TIC implementation in HSOs and suggest areas for improvement.

Gender analysis of the World Health Organization online learning program on Immunization Agenda 2030.

Vaccine-preventable diseases pose a significant threat to children under five globally, creating disparities in immunization coverage. Despite its cost-effectiveness and life-saving potential, immunization faces challenges in achieving equitable coverage. Gender inequalities deeply influence access to healthcare, affecting immunization rates. This study examines the action plans submitted by participants of the World Health Organization's (WHO) IA2030 Scholar Level 1 certification course in 2021. A qualitative analysis was conducted on a subset of 111 action plans that scored above 75%, employing narrative thematic analysis to categorize and explore gender incorporation and identified barriers based on the IA2030 Gender Guide. Among the 111 analyzed action plans, gender considerations were present in almost all plans, underscoring the effectiveness of integrating gender perspectives in the course curriculum. The most frequently cited barriers included low education and health literacy, issues related to accessing quality immunization services, gendered dynamics in decision-making within households, and limited access to resources and mobility, predominantly impacting women. The findings confirm that gender inequalities significantly contribute to suboptimal immunization coverage. An intersectional approach, recognizing diverse social markers impacting immunization, is vital to address disparities effectively. Moreover, the need for gender-sensitive data and deeper understanding of intersectional dynamics was emphasized. The study highlights the importance of gender-transformative interventions, including community engagement and efforts targeting both men and women to enhance immunization coverage. While acknowledging limitations, such as potential biases in peer evaluations and the need for wider inclusivity in gender perspectives, this analysis underscores the significance of mainstreaming gender in immunization capacity-building programs. The integration of gender considerations not only raises awareness but also equips professionals to create more gender-responsive immunization programs. Continuous efforts to incorporate gender perspectives can lead to more effective, equitable, and gender-transformative immunization initiatives at various levels.

PREPARATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS FOR BENEVOLENCE AND VOLUNTEERISM IN TIMES OF WAR

The Ukrainian education system today faces extremely complex challenges, including a full-scale war that has been ongoing since 2014. Despite Russia's full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, the Ukrainian education system continues to actively develop. The purpose of this article is to analyze certain aspects of preparing future teachers for benevolence and volunteerism in times of war. Emphasis is placed on the need to address the challenges of professional preparation in the face of modern challenges, focusing on shaping future teachers as nationally conscious patriots and citizens of Ukraine. To cultivate such individuals, it is necessary to draw upon Christian morality, as Christianity serves as a formative factor that enriches and strengthens one's spirit. Benevolence and charity are principles rooted in Christianity, qualities that have been intrinsic to Ukrainian culture throughout history, and values that should be particularly pronounced in professionals. These qualities are nurtured through students' participation in various charitable activities, diverse forms of philanthropy, and volunteer work. The results of active volunteer activities by students of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University and Ivan-Frankivsk College of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University lead to the conclusion that benevolence is being cultivated in them during their professional training in higher education institutions during wartime. This benevolent activity by students and teachers holds special significance in terms of support and assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU), working with temporarily displaced persons' children, volunteer activities at the Gifted Child University, organizing master classes and sessions aimed at comprehensive personal development. Continuous support from the teaching staff and students in various forms of charitable activities, diverse forms of philanthropy, and active participation in volunteer organizations, among other efforts, attests to the widespread charitable movement in Ukraine, with educators and students at the forefront as volunteers and benefactors.

Examining Sense of Belonging Among Freshmen College of Agriculture Students

Universities have consistently struggled with undergraduate student retention. However, one variable that has been shown to be an important factor related to undergraduate retention and success has been college student sense of belonging. The purpose of this study was to examine freshmen students’ perceived sense of belonging to the University of Arkansas and the College of Agricultural, Food, and Life Sciences. First-year freshmen at the University of Arkansas (n = 233) were asked to provide responses on a survey measuring perceived sense of belonging, peer support, faculty support, empathy of faculty, class comfort, and isolation. Results showed respondents generally had a strong sense of belonging to the university and college of agriculture. Most students perceived faculty to be empathic and understanding, but also reported slightly lower levels of comfort when seeking help. Most students were neutral in perceptions of classroom comfort, meaning they may be less confident speaking in class, volunteering ideas, asking questions, and contributing to discussions. Just over half agreed they had peer support, while about a third perceived feeling isolated. Peer support, faculty support, and empathetic faculty were all predictors of sense of belonging in the college. Recommendations include using cooperative learning activities and continuing to provide opportunities for student organization participation to help students establish a sense of belonging.

Антифашизъм и оксидентализъм в мемоарите на български интербригадисти през 60-те години на ХХ век: интердисциплинарни прочити

The paper interprets the narrative motifs for Occidentalism and anti-fascism in the memoirs published in the 1960s of the Bulgarian volunteers in the International Brigades formed during the Spanish Civil War (1936 – 1939). The memoirs of the brigaders are used as a tool in the ideological arsenal of the Bulgarian Communist Party and confirm their important role in the communist power hierarchy and active participation in the mass anti-fascist organisations in the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The party-state leader Todor Zhivkov attracts the brigaders among the privileged ‘anti-fascist fighters’. The memoirs noted how important the topic (and the ideological legacy) of the Spanish Civil War was for the Party. The paper uses archival materials and periodicals to emphasize the need for a new reading of the historical issues that memoirs raise. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary links between history, literary theory, socio-cultural anthropology and folklore studies.

Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea and the Role of African Regional Organisations in Ensuring Security of Maritime Shipping

The first decade of the XXI century witnessed a rise in piracy in some regions of the world, including the Gulf of Guinea. The purposes of this article are to find out historical reasons of the emergence of piracy in off the West coast of Africa and to analyse the participation of African regional organisations in the struggle for ensuring security of maritime shipping in the Gulf of Guinea. The initial surge in incidence of attacks against merchant ships was caused by anti-governmental groups, which adopted pirate tactics. Later, piracy off the shores of Central and West Africa turned into a profitable type of organised crime. Pirates of the Gulf of Guinea inflicted significant damage to economic development of the countries of the region and began to pose a threat to shipping off the West African shore of the Atlantic. The article describes how interregional cooperation with external partnership was organised to counter transborder nature of pirate activities. Based on regional organisations, specifically, the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the maritime security summit held on June 24–25, 2013 in Yaoundé adopted the Code of Conduct, which contained a list of measures to combat piracy. The Code of Conduct envisaged close cooperation among the nations of Central and West Africa with help of “external” partners in order to ensure rapid reaction to counter pirate attacks. Research of the problem indicates that only consecutive realisation of these measures allowed to reach a tangible result almost 10 years later, namely, in 2022. Nevertheless, if control over waters of the Gulf of Guinea is weakened, piracy may resurge, because its social and economic roots still exist.

Hotels re-explored: Experience and influence of reciprocity and social normative appeals

In this paper we report two high-powered and pre-registered experiments, testing the robustness and conceptual development of reciprocity and social norm appeals. Both experiments assessed both psychological processes for complying with these appeals and pro-environmental behavioral intention in tourism settings. In Experiment 1 (N = 2004), participants reported lower psychological reactance levels after learning that the hotel engaged in resource conservation (i.e., indirect homeomorphic reciprocity). No statistically significant effect was obtained for either obligatory motivation, prosocial motivation, skepticism, or behavioral intentions to reuse hotel towels. Importantly, high baseline intention of reusing hotel towels might have limited the effect of appeals. Therefore, we targeted meat consumption in Experiment 2 (n = 2540). Results first showed stronger obligatory and prosocial motivation for all three reciprocity appeals, compared to the standard appeal. No statistically significant results were found for either reactance or skepticism. Finally, after learning that the hotel had made a financial contribution to an environmental organization (i.e., indirect heteromorphic reciprocity) participants showed reduced meat consumption intentions compared to the standard appeal. Overall, the results provide initial evidence for conceptually refining the norm of reciprocity to encourage pro-environmental behaviors and for understanding the underlying psychological processes.

Exploring the dimensions of NGO donor‐based brand equity: A literature review

AbstractThe increasing participation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in addressing developmental issues has resulted in a surge of NGOs globally and, consequently, intensified the competition among them for donations. NGOs, a type of nonprofit organization (NPO), have a distinctive characteristic: promoting a particular cause, which often pertains to social and political issues in an international context. The enhanced brand equity of NGOs can result in increased donor attraction, leading to a rise in both their amount of donations and donor loyalty. Conceptualizations of NGO brand equity, however, are scarce. This study thus critically reviews the current literature on NPO brand equity and proposes some guidelines for future, distinctive donor‐based brand equity models for NGOs. Our results also have important managerial implications for NGOs, highlighting relevant aspects in the brand equity building process that suggest future lines of research.

Perilaku Kepemimpinan Teknologi Digital Dalam Dunia Pendidikan

Human resource empowerment (HR) is directed at increasing HR participation in organizations and increasing productivity. The results of various studies show that HR is a productivity determinant. HR in the field of school level education can be grouped into three, namely the principal, teacher, and bag. School competitiveness is also determined by HR owned. Digital leadership is also known as e-leadership or electornic leadership which was introduced by Avolio, Kahai, and Dodge contained in the scientific article E-Leadership Implications for theory, Research, and Practice. According to the article, e-leadership occurs in the context of e-envoronment where work is done through information technology, especially internet use. Research refers to the research method or commonly called Reseach and Development which is a type of research that is generally widely used in the world of education. In general, the definition of development research can be interpreted as a scientific way to obtain data so that it can be used to produce, develop and validate products. Based on the research, it can be concluded that there is an influence on learning leadership, leadership of change, spiritual leadership, school culture, and professional ethics of the performance of teaching school teachers. Keywords: Leadership, Education, Digital Technology

The Effect of Student Participation in Student Organizations on Soft Skills Development: A Case Study at UINSU

The Effect of Student Participation in Student Organizations on Soft Skills Development: A Case Study at UINSU