State Organization Research Articles

Basics of implementation of the standards of international agreements in the sphere of international trade by Ukraine

The latest international trade is characterized by serious, radical changes - the creation of a global information space, where the main products of production are information and knowledge, and information technologies penetrate almost every sphere of economic activity. International treaties become the main source of legal regulation of relations arising in the field of international trade.
 It has been established that the future development of Ukraine's economy directly depends not only on determining the directions of transformation of legal relations in the field of international trade, but also on how Ukraine directly implements the provisions of current international treaties in the field of international trade, in particular in such an important field as intellectual property - international agreements are the determining factors of the competitiveness of the country's economy, the most valuable capital that determines the strategy and tactics of our country's development, the most important driver of innovation.
 It was found out that today, the states have come to the realization that without solving issues related to the international regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property, without concluding international agreements in this field, it will be impossible to promote any object of intellectual property in the world. It is substantiated that all the specified international treaties regulating intellectual property as an object of trade transactions, to which Ukraine has joined, form an interconnected system of international trade relations. The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) occupies a special role among the system of these international agreements. The implementation of the TRIPS Agreement in Ukraine progressed in parallel with radical changes in the ways of using intellectual property in trade and the growing use of the international intellectual property system. Currently, Ukraine is at the final stage of institutional reform in the field of intellectual property - the State Organization «Ukrainian National Office for Intellectual Property and Innovations» (UANIPIO) has been established; its powers, scope and directions of its activity are established; the right to represent Ukraine in international and regional organizations, etc.
 Ukraine is an active participant in international trade processes and the corresponding main international legal acts in this area, which increases the interest of our state in optimizing and improving the standards, norms and provisions that regulate it. Judicial practice has confirmed that international treaties are an integral part of national legislation.

Latinization of the Language Under the Leadership of Turkey as a Tool for the Formation of a New Identity for the Turkic Post-Soviet States

The study examines the issue of creating a common Turkic alphabet through the prism of Turkey’s interests in its attempts to form a new identity for the Turkic states. It is noted that the collapse of the Soviet Union and the formation of five new Turkic states were positively received in Turkey and gave impetus to the activation of pan-Turkic ideas. Thus, one of the aspects of Ankara’s humanitarian interaction with the newly formed countries was cooperation within the framework of linguistic reforms, where Turkey actively advocated for the Latinization of the alphabet of the Turkic states. The authors analyze the phenomenon of language in constructing the identity of states. Turkey, which has experience in radical linguistic reforms, recognizes the potential of such transformations in the Turkic space. Ankara seeks to lead this process in order to promote its own logics and narratives, which should ultimately lead to the adoption of the Turkish language as a single language for the Turks. It is noted that with the reformatting of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), there has been a tendency to return to the agenda of discussions of a single alphabet for the Turkic peoples. Ankara promotes this topic at expert seminars, CTG meetings, etc. It is concluded that Turkey’s strategy is aimed at the long term and the lack of quick results in this area does not indicate its failure. Ankara systematically takes up the entire spectrum of interaction with Turkic partners, creating the foundation for future integration.

TRANSFORMATION OF COOPERATION BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MODERN GEOPOLITICAL PROCESSES)

In a global world, the influence of imperialist powers on the development and prospects of states that hold a special place on the Eurasian continent and on the world stage is imminent. The Russian-Ukrainian war and its consequences will undoubtedly leave an indelible socio-economic mark. Considering the consequences of the sanctions of European countries and international organisations against Russia, Kazakhstan faces the choice of building a new foreign policy based on appropriate policy decisions. The methodological aspects of the study of transformational processes of cooperation between neighbouring states represented by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the context of interstate associations are not sufficiently reflected in the scientific literature, especially after the change of power. In this regard, researchers, analysts and other institutions confront the great challenge of scientifically reconsidering the prospects of transformation processes in the context of global changes that have caused a close relationship as a result of Russian sentiments in the region. This research paper is devoted to the problems of transformational processes in the relationship between the two states, which in one way or another have been and will be influenced by contemporary geopolitical reconstructions, especially in foreign policy and the oil and gas sector. The methods of comparative and statistical analysis, as well as comprehensive study of the objective are an integral part of this study. The historical background to post-Soviet relations and the transformation processes of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are at the core of the study. Despite the agreements on political-economic interactions and gradual cooperation, first on a regional level and later within the SCO, there were problems of regional rivalry between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan after the Organization of Turkic States (OTS). Russian geopolitics provided some impetus to rethink foreign policy and the need for close cooperation between the two states, which prompted new transformational trends. Therefore, the historiographical review and the source base provide an opportunity to reconsider the contemporary aspects of Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan interactions within the framework of contemporary geopolitical processes.

The Curious Personality Cult of Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi: At the Crossroads of Religion, Politics, and Communication Strategies and Technologies

Abstract This paper studies the construction of the personality cult of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the deceased leader of the Islamic State (is) organization that ruled large territories in Iraq and Syria in the mid to late 2010s. Examining a range of is primary sources, I argue that al-Baghdadi sought to develop a distinct personality cult by cultivating auras of holiness and mystique around his personae. While he flaunted putatively exceptional religious leadership credentials, it is al-Baghdadi’s use of communication strategies and technologies for projecting his personality cult that distinguishes his case and this study. Al-Baghdadi sought to strategically mystify himself by rarely appearing in public and largely avoiding visual self-revelation in the media messages he released. Ultimately, given his defiance of regional and international powers and his group’s notoriety, al-Baghdadi’s low visibility and self-enigmatization worked to his advantage by generating much interest about him among supporters and the global media.

Before algorithmic Armageddon: anticipating immediate risks to restraint when AI infiltrates decisions to wage war

ABSTRACT AI-enabled systems will steadily infiltrate resort-to-force decision making. This will likely include decision-support systems recruited to assist with crucial deliberations over the permissibility of waging war. Potential benefits abound in terms of enhancing individual and institutional capacities for cognition, analysis, and foresight. Yet, I argue that we have reason to worry. Our interaction with these systems – as citizens, political and military leaders, states, and formal organisation of states – would also court significant risks. Specifically, reliance on decision-support systems that employ machine-learning techniques would threaten to undermine our adherence to international norms of restraint in two distinct ways: (i) by creating the reassuring allusion that these AI-driven tools are able to replace us as responsible agents; and (ii) by inserting unwarranted certainty and singularity into complex jus ad bellum judgements. I will refer to these challenges as the ‘risk of misplaced responsibility’ and the ‘risk of predicted permissibility’, respectively. If unaddressed, each proposed risk would make the initiation of war appear more permissible in particular cases and, collaterally, contribute to the erosion of hard-won international norms of restraint.

On the clustering of triacylglycerols in the molten state

The liquid–solid phase transition of triacylglycerols (TAGs), the main components of edible fats and oils is central to the production and sensory properties of many processed foods. While there has been extensive research on the nucleation and growth of fats, there remains a dearth of knowledge regarding the structural organization of TAGs in the liquid state. From a molecular perspective, TAGs consist of three alkyl chains esterified to a glycerol backbone. Several models based on experiment and simulation have helped to unveil TAG organization in the molten state. However, more evidence for their structural organization is necessary. Here, we provide simulation and experimental insights on the structural organization of molten tripalmitin using small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering, and wide-angle x-ray scattering. In agreement with recent work, we also propose a model in which TAGs associate as clusters via glycerol-glycerol interactions, with their alkyl chains extending outwards in a loose shell. Our model, however, highlights and demonstrates the dynamic nature of clusters, where TAGs can transfer from one cluster to another via diffusion. The average number of TAG molecules per cluster varies from 5 to 9 and decreases with increasing temperature, which results in a smaller average distance between clusters. Overall, this study strongly suggests that prior to the onset of nucleation, TAGs are associated as dynamic clusters formed via intermolecular interactions between neighboring glycerol cores.

Abstract IA019: Multiscale systems approach to target tumor ecosystem responses for therapeutic benefit

Abstract Breast tumors arise and progress via processes that involve intrinsic deregulation of epithelial cells and that also alter the composition and function of associated stromal and immune cells. Together, these tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental changes enable malignant epithelial cells in the tumor to acquire key cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, migration, immune evasion and further evolution. The resulting collection of cancer and stromal cells comprise a complex, adaptive tumor ecosystem. Long-term therapeutic success will require that drugs attack malignant cells, favorably activate the immune system, and create a tumor microenvironment that does not support tumor (re)growth. Creating a process for treatment selection will require an integrated systems biology approach to develop, test and refine a robust computational framework that takes into account the states, signaling relationships, and spatial organization that determine the emergent properties inherent in complex interacting systems. Toward this goal, we have developed a coordinated experimental-computational approach designed to enable identification of effective treatment strategies. To examine therapeutic responses of diverse aspects of the tumor ecosystem, we have deployed a novel drug delivery microdevice that enables rapid, high-throughput assessment of the effects of multiple therapies on tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. When coupled with multiplex tissue imaging, this platform provides a comprehensive assessment of the state and spatial organization of the tumor ecosystem as it adapts to therapy. Initial studies demonstrated that many drugs designed to target malignant epithelial cells strongly impact stromal and immune cells, providing new insights into the importance of considering multiple aspects of the tumor ecosystem when designing effective therapeutic strategies. The resultant data are being used to guide development of a multiscale computational model that considers the functional relationships between different tumor components and can be used to predict the effects of therapies on diverse aspects of tumor ecosystems. In total, our approach has the potential to transform cancer treatments through rational identification of effective therapeutic strategies that lead to long-term durable control of tumors. Citation Format: Laura M. Heiser. Multiscale systems approach to target tumor ecosystem responses for therapeutic benefit [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Cancer Evolution and Data Science: The Next Frontier; 2023 Dec 3-6; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA019.

The Realities of Anti-Corruption and Whistleblowing

Abstract Despite the existence of anti-corruption whistleblowing laws, Zimbabwe’s public service has suffered from maladministration, corrupt politicians, “mediators” and businesses, malpractice and irregularities for a long time. This article, employing grounded theory within a qualitative research paradigm, discusses a study which draws on eight interviews and found that whistleblowers lack state protection because state institutions do not have the political will to protect them. These realities are associated with: 1) state organisation capacity and success, or lack of it, in whistleblower protection in the public sector; 2) the significance of legislative and regulatory measures that encourage citizens to become whistleblowers as a key deterrent against corruption; 3) the lack of operationalisation of whistleblower protection within public organisations; 4) the possibility of creative intervention strategies and tactics that would increase the role and success of whistleblowing initiatives and actions; and 5) future financial incentives in laws and regulations that could encourage whistleblowing.

Shape-changing electrode array for minimally invasive large-scale intracranial brain activity mapping

Large-scale brain activity mapping is important for understanding the neural basis of behaviour. Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) have high spatiotemporal resolution, bandwidth, and signal quality. However, the invasiveness and surgical risks of electrode array implantation limit its application scope. We developed an ultrathin, flexible shape-changing electrode array (SCEA) for large-scale ECoG mapping with minimal invasiveness. SCEAs were inserted into cortical surfaces in compressed states through small openings in the skull or dura and fully expanded to cover large cortical areas. MRI and histological studies on rats proved the minimal invasiveness of the implantation process and the high chronic biocompatibility of the SCEAs. High-quality micro-ECoG activities mapped with SCEAs from male rodent brains during seizures and canine brains during the emergence period revealed the spatiotemporal organization of different brain states with resolution and bandwidth that cannot be achieved using existing noninvasive techniques. The biocompatibility and ability to map large-scale physiological and pathological cortical activities with high spatiotemporal resolution, bandwidth, and signal quality in a minimally invasive manner offer SCEAs as a superior tool for applications ranging from fundamental brain research to brain-machine interfaces.

Monitoring the promotion of cultural and educational projects in digital environment

The article raises the problem of using digital marketing tools to assess the effectiveness of promoting a cultural and educational project. The manuscript was prepared on the basis of “Profile Shifts” project, which is implemented by the state organization of additional education for children “Academy of Talents” with the aim of identifying and supporting gifted and talented youth in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. The project is part of the regional project “The Success of Every Child”, implemented within the framework of the national project “Education”. Based on the study of the specific project the authors describe the process and results of information and communication monitoring, identify the gaps in project popularization, and provide the recommendations. The results of monitoring the promotion of cultural and educational project are considered in the aspect of reputation audit.

Development Strategy of Czech State Railway Infrastructure

The article deals on development strategy of Czech state railway infrastructure of both conventional and high-speed lines. Based on priorities of both the EC and Czech government, the strategy defines long-term goals until 2050 like high-speed rail traffic will triple, rail freight traffic will double, scheduled collective travel of under 500 km should be carbon neutral within the EU and finally the multimodal Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) equipped for sustainable and smart transport with high speed connectivity will be operational for the comprehensive network. Správa železnic, state organization has introduced its strategic management since 2018. Development strategy of the organization, faced with increasing of intermodal competition between both railway and road transport, is a basis for qualified setting of measurable and it means checkable goals of which the organization shall reach and together with it setting of provisions leading to match those goals. Matching of strategic goals is assessed in quarter-year cycles by means of individual provisions in Action plan. The Czech Republic invests increasingly in the modernization of conventional railways and the preparation of high-speed lines.

The Commonwealth Realms: A Thorn in the Side of the British Monarchy?

The death of Queen Elizabeth II in September 2022 has given renewed momentum to claims for a republic in a significant number of Commonwealth realms, while also revealing how confused the perception of the role of the British monarch in the Commonwealth is. The latter is indeed both the head of 15 Commonwealth states, and since 1949, has been the “Head of the Commonwealth” as an international organisation of sovereign independent states. With a special focus on the case of Commonwealth realms, this article proposes to examine the extent to which these two roles of the monarch in the Commonwealth are compatible. While the monarch’s position as head of the Commonwealth, mainly shaped by Queen Elizabeth II throughout her reign, conveys the image of the head of a multicultural and multiracial “family of nations”, his role as constitutional monarch of his 14 “other realms”, might well undermine the legitimacy of the monarchy, at both international and national levels, and particularly in the context of increased global demands for reparations and decolonial justice.

A agenda global composta pelas organizações internacionais: a educação na composição do público e do privado

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to understand the concepts of quality, assessment and learning contained in guidelines from the World Bank (WB), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations (UN) and the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), which led Latin American countries to adhere to the Education for All (EFA) project proposal from 1996 to 2019, favoring the direct influence of these organizations in the formulation, planning, execution and assessment of educational policies. The methodology consisted of analytical research, focusing on the policy cycle of Bowe, Ball and Gold (1992), in the context of the production of texts, as a reference for the implementation of educational policies. This work is part of research that is being carried out in a network, to understand the Latin American scenario, taking as a guiding principle the proposition of organizing collective knowledge in this area. The results point to the direct influence of multilateral organizations on the guidelines and decisions of educational policies in Brazil and Latin America, based on the adherence to the EFA proposal, receiving approval, treaties and financial investments, with a strong assessment of results and rankings of a quality defined as a basis for anchoring the capitalist development of production, whose concepts of quality, assessment and learning respond to the objectives of market-oriented education.

Hierarchical structure of forest-steppe soil changes as a vector of orientation of agrophysical stability

Annotation Purpose. To develop a statistical model of the organization of the structural state, to identify the orientation vector and criteria for assessing the structuring of forest-steppe soil differences at the macro- levels microaggregate and of the organization in order to obtain objective and comprehensive information to establish the level at which the process of manifestation of resistance against agrophysical degradation is born. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical and analytical method. Results. The improved instrumental method of air-dry scattering of soil and the application of modern methods of statistical analysis (fractal, factorial, cluster) made it possible to evaluate the series of distribution of structural units by size for the subject of stability according to fractal indicators, and the structuring of fractions of microaggregates >0.25 mm made it possible to strengthen the reliability of the approximation trends of the exponent of the equations to the level of R > 0.7 and to determine 2 the persistence and anti-persistence of the distribution series themselves, that is, the stability or trendiness of the distribution. A parallel study of changes in the state of the soil structure on the main soils of the Forest Steppe at two hierarchical levels made it possible to establish that within the soil-genetic intervals of valuable structural individualities, depending on the type of soil, the regrouping of components takes place by size, and structured microaggregates in the amount of <0.25 mm are involved, to a greater extent, to structural aggregates of 1–0.25 mm and to a lesser extent to more valuable structural units of 5–1 mm. Conclusions. The meadow-chernozem soil was the most resistant to anthropogenic influences (application of mineral fertilizers): Kmaсr = 1.91–219, and for sowing perennial grasses with fertilizer application Kmaсr = 2.24–2.47. Less resistant to the application of mineral fertilizers was the dark gray podizolized soil (Kmaсr = 1.08–2.58) and the most vulnerable was the typical chernozem with little humus (Kmaсr = 0.28–0.59). The coefficient of microaggregation (Kmicr) increased from chernozems typical to dark gray podzolized to meadow chernozem soils. Keywords: structural state, microaggregates, macroaggregates, elementary soil particles, factor analysis, analysis, coefficient. cluster

Exploring the Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Wellness and Employee Health

Objective: This qualitative case study aims to determine the state of workplace wellness activities in organizations in Midwestern and Southern states. Specifically, this study looks at the roles of top-down leadership and organizational goals as determinants of a healthy workforce. Design/Methodology/Approach: Participants were asked about workplace wellness programs using the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Health Scorecard (HSC). Additionally, qualitative interviews asked participants questions about their workplace wellness programs. The results of the qualitative interviews were transcribed and compared to the literature for patterns, themes, and outliers. Participants: Participants were college-educated employees. They were asked to share information on their organizations’ workplace wellness practices. Main outcome measures: The CDC HSC consists of 125 questions totaling 265 points. Organizations were measured based on their scores falling in the top, middle, and lower third of scores. Their qualitative answers were used to add depth and meaning to the scores. Results/conclusions: Workplace wellness programs are successful when they are supported from top-down leadership, multiple marketing methods are utilized, and a focused person is responsible for corporate initiatives. Originality: This article provides the unique perspective of professionals in the field of workplace wellness.

The significance of the organization of the Turkic states for the Turkic world

The significance of the organization of the Turkic states for the Turkic world

ЛЕВЫЙ ПОВОРОТ В КОНСЕРВАТИВНОЙ МЫСЛИ Г.П. ФЕДОТОВА

The article is about an issue of combining two political vectors, conservative (right) and revolutionary (left) in the works of G.P. Fedotov. The research focus of the paper is on the philosophical anthropology of the Russian thinker. The author suggests considering the figure of the subject, which is the point from which the divergent political lines originate. G.P. Fedotov describes person in the interpretation of Christian anthropology, where the essential features are connection with the divine and rootedness in the historical. In such a system, the conservative position is associated with the protection of the individual from any encroachments by the “other”, whether it is the arbitrariness of the revolutionary crowd or the rigid organization of the pro-fascist states of Europe in the first half of the 20th century. The position of the revolutionary vector, traditionally associated with the left movement, is of a liberating nature, the source of which G.P. Fedotov also founds in the Christian anthropology. The category of alienation plays an important role in this case, both in the Hegelian interpretation (objectification of the world) and in the Marxist interpretation. Overcoming alienation by a historical subject in various variations is the conceptual point at which both the right and left political vectors converge.

Noncovalent interaction network of chalcogen, halogen and hydrogen bonds for supramolecular β-sheet organization.

An alanine-based bilateral building block, linked by 2,5-thiophenediamide motifs and equipped with C-terminal 4-iodoaniline groups, was designed, allowing a noncovalent interaction network consisting of intramolecular chalcogen bonds and intermolecular halogen/hydrogen bonds, which cooperatively maintain a supramolecular β-sheet organization in the solid state, as well as in dilute CH3CN solution with a high g factor of -0.017.

Политика Турции по объединению тюркских стран: от культуры к экономике

Turkey has been building special relations with the Turkic republics since the 1990s, when they appeared on the international scene as independent states. Ankara has been most successful in the field of cultural cooperation with the Turkic nations. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Turkey, Ankara’s policy towards Turkic countries received a new impetus of development and а new content. Cultural proximity became the starting point for the expansion of political and economic ties and the creation of institutional structures that united the Turkic states. The article deals with Ankara’s approaches to promoting integration of Turkic countries based on ethnic kinship factors, which are used to strengthen Turkey’s international position. In a period of transformation of the global system of international relations, Ankara is seeking for new opportunities for regional leadership. To date, the main achievement of this policy is the establishment of the Organization of Turkic States, which has the task of promoting Turkic integration in various fields. The idea of the Turkic world serves as a tool for consolidation of Turkic republics located in different regions. Ankara considers as its historical responsibility the activity of preserving or shaping Turkic identity among Turkic peoples. Transport and energy projects are another area of construction of the modern Turkic world.

Organization of Turkic states as an international organization

Organization of Turkic states as an international organization