Management Organizations Research Articles

Determination of optimal move-on distance for trawl encounters with vulnerable marine ecosystems

Abstract Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) use ‘move-on’ rules as one way to manage impacts to vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). In response to a proposal to change the move-on distance from 1 to 5 nm for the South Pacific RFMO, we simulated trawl encounters using historical trawl data and information on the modelled size and spatial clustering of VME habitat to determine the optimal move-on distance for meeting conservation objectives while not placing undue burden on fishing operators. Our analyses found that predicted VME habitat patches were typically small, highly clustered, and rarely encountered by the trawl tows. When simulated encounters did occur, move-on distances of 1 nm and 5 nm avoided 73% and 80% of additional encounters with VMEs, respectively. Analysis of the impact on the fishery showed that increasing the move-on distance from 1 to 5 nm would potentially result in up to an additional 53%, 23%, and 9% area reduction of the trawl footprint, seamount, and management area used and accessible to the fishery, respectively. Our analysis demonstrates that, despite typical data limitations for VME indicator bycatch, it is possible using simulation analysis to assess the efficacy of current move-on distances used by RFMOs.

Research on the Rules of Right Restriction under the Protection Regulations for New Varieties of Plants: Taking Farmers' Own Seed Saving as an Example

The protection of intellectual property for the new varieties of plants aligns with the needs of contemporary development, yet it also creates conflicts with the traditional practices of farmers who save their own seeds. Farmers' right to save their own seeds is a natural entitlement, and the clash between the public interest in this practice and the rights associated with new plant varieties remains a derivative issue of the intellectual property enclosure movement. The starting point of the problem lies in reconciling the private nature of intellectual property rights with public interests, while its resolution depends on the adaptation of limitations and exceptions within intellectual property law. Under the protection of intellectual property rights for new plant varieties, farmers face difficulties in determining reasonable boundaries for seed saving. At the legal level, it is necessary to recognize the legitimacy of farmers’ seed-saving practices and reasonably define such activities; at the practical level, it is feasible to incorporate relevant systems from copyright law, establish a compensation mechanism, and set up collective management organizations for seed-saving fees to rebalance the interests of relevant parties.

The Impact of Destination Management Organization (DMO) on Sustainable Tourism Development in Samosir Regency

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Destination Management Organization (DMO) program on tourism development in Samosir Regency. The research employed a causal design, analyzing the relationship between the DMO program and tourism development as the dependent variable. The study’s population included government officials involved in the tourism sector, stakeholders, participants in the DMO program, and tourists. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive methods and the impact analysis approach, complemented by regression analysis performed with SPSS. The findings revealed that the DMO program positively and significantly influenced various aspects of tourism development. Specifically, it contributed to economic growth (21.20%), socio-cultural management (34.20%), environmental sustainability (16.30%), sustainable management (28.70%), and human resource (HR) development (40.40%). While most contributions were categorized as medium, HR development demonstrated a strong positive correlation. Stakeholders actively participated and collaborated in the planning, implementation, and decision-making processes of the DMO program. The program provided significant benefits, including improved stakeholder communication, enhanced service quality, and strengthened tourism promotion in Samosir Regency. Policymakers and stakeholders are encouraged to continue supporting the DMO program to maximize its potential. These findings offer valuable insights into the application of the DMO program, particularly in enhancing competitiveness through effective resource management. The program’s contributions span economic growth, socio-cultural enrichment, environmental sustainability, and HR development, underscoring its comprehensive impact on tourism development.

Community-Based Adaptive Governance Model for Colombian Tourist Beaches: The Case of Playa Blanca in Santa Marta, Colombia

This paper aims to present a process that led to the development of a community-based adaptive governance model for tourist beaches as a significant step toward consolidating an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) program at the local level. This research spans 16 years of work conducted in Playa Blanca, Santa Marta, Colombia, from 2008 to 2024. A qualitative social research methodology was employed using content analysis as the primary technique. The Force-Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, the ASAS method, two expert panels, and eight community workshops were carried out as part of the study. As a result, the concept of community-based adaptive governance for tourist beaches was developed, leading to the design of a Model of Adaptive Governance based on Communities for Tourist Beaches (known in Spanish as GABCO-PLAYTUR). This model emphasizes the empowerment and active involvement of local actors. National and international experts, along with regional and local stakeholders, have validated the GABCO-PLAYTUR Model to ensure its effectiveness in beach management. When applying this model, the results indicated that the primary pressures on the Playa Blanca ecosystem were related to tourism activities. Additionally, the study revealed that inefficient coordination among the various actors involved in decision-making processes affects the socio-ecosystem. In conclusion, the relevance of the governance model in Playa Blanca was confirmed, illustrating a complex process with both progress and setbacks that evolve over time. While the community actors demonstrated high levels of organization and leadership in beach management, the role of institutions in this process was less prominent during the period analyzed.

Специфика разработки дополнительных профессиональных программ с учетом профессиональных стандартов и квалификационных требований.

The specifics of developing additional professional programs taking into account professional standards and qualification requirements are relevant in the modern world, where the importance of training and advanced training of medical specialists is a necessity enshrined in the regulatory framework. Thus, scientific developments in this field are not only relevant, but also have high practical significance for improving the system of professional training and advanced training of medical specialists. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of professional standards and qualification requirements for updating the subject and filling additional professional education programs in accordance with the identified lack of knowledge, skills, and abilities. Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of labor functions and labor actions in the professional standard «Specialist in the field of healthcare and public health organization». The method of comparative analysis was used. Results. The results of the analysis of professional development programs in the specialty Nursing Management and specialty Health Organization and public health are presented. The work functions that are not included in the professional standard are defined, competencies are formulated and recommendations are given for the development of additional professional programs taking into account the missing work functions. Conclusions. For effective development of professional development programs, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach, which includes both consideration and definition of labor functions that are not included in the professional standard, development of a list of professional competencies, taking into account the requirements of the widest possible range of regulatory documents defining the content of the work of specialists in positions of heads of medical organizations, as well as regular updating These programs are designed to meet the growing demands of the professional activities of medical professionals.

Kedudukan Ikatan Notaris Indonesia sebagai Organisasi Profesi untuk Profesi Notaris di Indonesia

This research method uses a type of normative juridical research, namely research that refers to legal norms or principles by studying and researching problems using various literature in the form of library materials or secondary data. As explained above, this research is normative legal research. Research is a tool used by humans. Based on the type of data used, it is general and specific in nature and then a conclusion can be drawn. First research result: that the Notary professional organization does not have to be single because in the provisions of Article 82 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notaries states "Notaries gather in one Notary organization". It is not interpreted as having to be single. Because the phrase "one" in the provisions of Article 82 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notary Public can be interpreted as one organization whose number is neither singular nor plural. Second: Supervision of a single organization in organizational management is not optimal. Because there is a monopoly and there is also the aspirations of members which are often not conveyed or channeled. Because there is a dominant group in a single organization, a single organization does not have a healthy impact on the continuity of the life of the Notary profession.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Tourism Promotional Videos: Creativity, Emotional Impact, Perceived Quality, and Attitude Towards the Destination

Tourism promotional videos (TPVs) are widely used by destination management organizations (DMOs) in promotional campaigns. With the aim of opening new research perspectives in the field of tourism promotion, this article proposes a model for evaluating the effectiveness of TPVs—the Emovie model—conceptually anchored in studies on transformational and symbolic advertising. The model describes the interrelationship of four constructs: artistic value, positive emotional impact, perceived quality of the video, and perceived quality of the destination. The model was tested in three empirical studies carried out in parallel and using the same methodological procedures for quantitative analysis, applied to three samples totaling 674 individuals. The results show that the creativity and originality of TPVs elicit positive emotional reactions, resulting in favorable attitudes towards the message and the destination. This study is particularly important because it provides DMOs with a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of their promotional videos.

A122: Connections Between Mindfulness, Obsessive Passion, Cognitive State Anxiety, and Obligatory Exercise

Background/Purpose: In the current trend of increasing youthfulness and age reduction in competitive sports, the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes is becoming more severe. This not only affects the physical and mental health of athletes but also hampers their prospects in the world of sports. This study used a cross-sectional research design, employing convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods. While delving into the impact of mindfulness on the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes, it revealed the mediating role of obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety. Method: The researchers contacted athletes from four universities, youth training centers, and high-level clubs in different provinces of central and southern China. Among the respondents, (1) 69% of the participants were under the age of 23; (2) in the past year, about 70% of athletes participated in sports competitions only 1-3 times. The reason for this relatively high number is attributed to the official lifting of COVID-19 prevention and control measures in China on January 8, 2023, allowing sports competitions to resume. Prior to that date, sports competitions could not be held normally, and athletes were unable to participate in them. Results: This study progressed to scrutinize the structural model using AMOS v.23, aimed at substantiating the formulated hypotheses. Employing 5,000 bootstrap samples, the outcomes of CFA consistently aligned with established criteria (χ2/df = 2.755, GFI = 0.907, NFI = 0.940, TLI = 0.954, CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.066), unequivocally indicating an alignment between the model and empirical data. The findings distinctively underscored the indirect effect of mindfulness on obligatory exercise, which was mediated through cognitive state anxiety and obsessive passion. This mediation yielded a robust estimate of -0.297 (SE = 0.041, CI = [-0.377, -0.213], p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study identified mindfulness can indirectly improve the obligatory exercise issues of young athletes by reducing obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety, acting as two mediating variables. Therefore, this study recommends that athlete management organizations and coaches prioritize monitoring the mental health levels of athletes and integrate mindfulness training into their daily routines. The data collection for this study was primarily concentrated in the central and southern regions of China. To ensure the generalizability of research conclusions, subsequent studies may consider expanding the sampling range and implementing random sampling.

Analysis of Community-Based Sanitation Implementation in Pariaman City

Abstract Proper sanitation can have health impacts and social environmental impacts if it is not implemented with optimal community-based governance in Pariaman City. This research aims to analyze the implementation of a proper Community-Based Sanitation Program in Pariaman City. This type of research is qualitative with a policy research approach. The results show that the implementation of the Community Based Sanitation Program has not reached the Universal Access target of 100-0-100, so it is categorized as not yet feasible. This is also because 100% coverage of clean water access has not been achieved, so the 0% target has not been achieved. This area is not a Underresourced neighbourhood, so it appears that the 100% adequate sanitation target has not been achieved. However, based on data in the field, there are still many infrastructure facilities that are not functioning and have not been repaired for sustainability. Beside that, there are also problems such as the development of drinking water and sanitation that is not yet sustainable, community participation is still low, and management institutions that are not yet well integrated due to the lack of capacity of Community Level Management Organizations to manage.

The health work of Capodistrias – historical retrospection of the work and organization of the health care management of the newly established Greek state by its first governor

The present paper aimed to collect and highlight one aspect of the work of Ioannis Capodistrias in an area that has been little explored, the healthcare planning of the newly established Greek state. An overwhelming percentage of the literature referring to the multifaceted personality of Ioannis Capodistrias studies His activity in Italy where he studied Medicine and came into contact with modern knowledge, new ideas and trends, His work as a doctor upon his return to Corfu after the end of his studies, His activity in the political arena of the newly established State of the Ionian Islands, His later life in Russia and then his activity as a diplomat and as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia, His role in the struggle for National rebirth and finally, His work as the first Governor of Greece. His achievements in the European diplomatic arena and his contribution to key issues (such as the Swiss and French issues) aiming at peace on the European continent, his vision for a free Ionian state at the beginning of his diplomatic career and a free Greek state thereafter, are able to give a global picture to the modern scholar of the dynamics of Ioannis Capodistrias as the multifaceted personality he was. The assignment of the governance of the newly established Greek state to Ioannis Capodistrias set the newly established Greek state, impoverished by the war, on a path of development that could stand in Europe together with the important powers of Epirus. However, his assassination violently halted this dynamic of development, constituting in essence the murder of the newly established state of Greece.

지역관광추진조직(DMO)에 대한 이해관계자 인식 유형화 연구 - 정책설계자, 공급자, 참여자를 중심으로

As the public interest in tourism grows and travel becomes more common, local tourism is also gaining importance. In particular, revitalizing local tourism by attracting more living population has received much attention as a solution to the depopulation issue, and resultingly, policy interest and support for local tourism have also become greater. Now there are more intermediate organizations and destination management organizations (DMOs) that focus on attracting tourists and managing tourist destinations. Focusing on policy designers, suppliers, and DMO participants, this study examines and categorizes the DMO stakeholders' perceptions of DMO's roles and suggests future directions and plans for the development of Korean-style DMOs. To this end, Q-methodology, a type of factor analysis, that can objectively capture individuals' subjective views on social phenomena, was used. Results suggested that based on stakeholders' perceptions of DMO's functions and features, DMOs can be classified into the following four types: ‘local tourism leader type,' ‘governance-oriented type,' ‘marketing-oriented type,' and ‘nurture and support type., It was also found that DMOs need time to establish governance and consensus and it is important to differentiate the positioning of DMOs by region. Results further revealed that a DMO is not only a leader who manages local tourism but also an intermediate support organization focusing on governance. The empirical finding of this study can be used to set the practical directions of Korean-style DMOs and to identify, position, and foster the DMO types that fit the characteristics of different regions.

Projected and Perceived Destination Images of the Tsunami Memorial Parks After the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Text Mining Analysis

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, dark tourism was developed in the Tohoku Region of Japan. Notably, two government-built tsunami memorial parks in Ishinomaki and Rikuzentakata have obtained attention for their profound disaster narratives, iconic disaster sites, and expansive layouts. This study is the first to compare the projected destination image presented by destination management organizations with the perceived destination image held by visitors in these parks, and in dark tourism. Using online text data from both supply and demand sides of dark tourism and text mining analyses such as word frequency analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, and affection tendency examination, we revealed similarities and disparities between these two perspectives. Furthermore, this study concluded dimensions specific to dark tourism sites within the cognitive and affective destination image. Based on the findings, the study provides advice for destination managers to improve these sites, including developing non-dark tourism products and improving infrastructures. Additionally, it proposes placing greater emphasis on themes of revitalization and future development, while fostering visitor engagement in local non-profit and citizen activities to strengthen connections with residents. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of text mining in comparing projected and perceived destination images in the context of dark tourism sites.

Case Management Organization and Implementation in Probation Services in Romania

Since there is little prior knowledge on the effects of case management on offenders behavioral patterns, this paper aims to identify how the activities carried out by probation officers has impacted supervised persons, but also to draw useful conclusions regarding ethical standards in case management. The topic of this paper is of real interest to probation practitioners, as conducting the supervision process, preparing pre- and post-sentence reports in the course of assistance and counseling activities, and the specific nature of interactions with beneficiaries of Probation Services inherently lead to the emergence of ethically challenging situations. The foundation of this topic lies in the need to explore and analyze the nature of these dilemmas, their frequency, the ways counselors respond when faced with ethical ambiguity, identifying optimal responses and reactions from a deontological and ethical perspective, and ultimately outlining best practices. Although this topic is extremely broad, in this paper the focus is on the counselor-beneficiary relationship, being mindful of the numerous aspects that can be addressed, as highlighted in discussions with colleagues from various services and in the final question of the questionnaire used in this study. As a result of the research undertaken, I aimed to present how we, as probation counselors, analyze and manage various dilemmas encountered in daily practice, relevant legislative guidelines, and optimized response strategies. In the end, the conclusions provide an opportunity for reflection and learning, which can offer a greater degree of confidence, security, and control over these situations.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PSAK 409 IN ENHANCING ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF ZAKAT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS CASE STUDY ON THE NATIONAL ZAKAT AMIL AGENCY (BAZNAS) MATARAM CITY

The purpose of this study was to examine the way that BAZNAS in Mataram City applies PSAK 409 to the management of zakat, infaq, and sadaqah. As one of the Zakat Management Organisations created by the government to manage the zakat funds collected from muzaki, BASNAZ bears the obligation of guaranteeing accountability and transparency to all parties involved. This study employs a descriptive qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with relevant parties at BAZNAS Mataram City and documentation gathering approaches. According to the study's findings, BAZNAS handles zakat accounting appropriately and makes reference to PSAK Number 409. In order to improve accountability, BAZNAS Mataram City has submitted accurate and timely financial reports that are based on PSAK 409's components. In the aim to increase openness, BASNAZ Mataram City has informed stakeholders about the administration and distribution of zakat by publishing monthly financial reports on its website, Facebook page, and Instagram account. Furthermore, BAZNAS Mataram City has instituted a Management Information System (SIMBA) to facilitate openness, with frequent updates.

Exploring Community Resilience Strategies in Disaster Management: a Qualitative Study

This study explores community resilience strategies, community perspectives, and challenges in disaster management. It also examines the role of local leaders and organizations in fostering resilience and the effectiveness of collaboration with external agencies in disaster preparedness and response. The purpose of this study was to identify the disaster resiliency of community members as they face its occurrences. The study was participated by 3 key informants composed of one community member, one barangay official, and one Personnel from MDRRMO. The participants of the study gave their consent during the one-on-one interviews. The study's objectives were to determine the (1) strategies of the community members to enhance their resilience to disasters. (2) perceive resilience and the extent of disaster management efforts (3) Local leaders and organizations' role in fostering community resilience (4) Challenges Encountered by the Subject in Community Resilience Effort. The study highlights the importance of disaster awareness, capacity building, community engagement, psychological preparedness, coordination, and access to essential resources in strengthening community resilience. It emphasizes the need for effective communication, stakeholder involvement, and a positive psychological state. The community perceives disaster management efforts as effective, with successful rescue operations being indicators of resilience. However, challenges such as lack of funds, coordination, cooperation, and miscommunication persist among participants.

A Parametric Study of Mathematical Model for Long-Term Localized Corrosion of Copper in Canadian Deep Geological Repository

The concept of Adaptive Phased Management, approved by Canadian federal authorities and implemented by the Nuclear Waste Management Organization, forms a comprehensive strategy for the long-term safe management of used nuclear fuel in Canada.1 The used nuclear fuel will ultimately be placed within a container in a deep geological repository (DGR). Current container designs employ steel vessels with a protective copper outer layer, strategically selected to reduce corrosion damage. The copper-coated container may be subjected to various corrosion mechanisms over time as the DGR environment evolves. Specific to this work and in the early aerated environment of the DGR, efflorescing salt impurities present on the container surface may lead to the formation of an Evan’s droplet. To understand the behavior of the copper-coated container with respect to localized corrosion and ensure the effectiveness of this protection strategy, a preliminary two-dimensional axisymmetric time-dependent model for the corrosion of copper under an Evans droplet was developed.2, 3 The mathematical model was developed using the finite-element method (COMSOL Multiphysics). Some unique features of the model are inclusion of six heterogeneous and fifteen homogeneous reactions, implicit calculation of nm-scale films, and treatment of the influence of films on surface concentrations and potentials. The model shows the time-dependent localized corrosion rates and depths, calculated for an elapsed time of ten years. It also shows time-dependent radial distributions for current density and surface coverage of films. The influence of oxygen conditions and temperature was included, and the model accounted for the influence of films on reaction rate constants. Preliminary results show that the corrosion of copper in the Evan’s droplet is almost uniform on the electrode surface. Temperature and oxygen concentration was shown to have a strong contribution to copper corrosion.The current version of the mechanical model has many parameters. Some parameters are obtained from PHREEQC thermodynamic software,4 some are selected to yield good results, and some are defined using expert judgement from the literature.While the number of parameters is very large, the impact of each parameter is constrained by the model. A parametric study is necessary to identify reasonable ranges of values and explore different conditions that may lead to localized corrosion of copper. For example, to switch the mechanism from kinetic control to mass-transfer control, the overall rate constants were increased by different orders of magnitude. The influence of both oxide film and salt film on rate constants reduction were also studied. Combining both the blocking effect of films on the copper surface and the control mechanism shift, simulations were completed to study the parameter space. The present work shows that the corrosion rate increased as rate constants were increased, and currents became limited by mass transport of oxygen.References NWMO, “Choosing a Way Forward. The Future Management of Canada’s Used Nuclear Fuel. Final Study,” Nuclear Waste Management Organization, Toronto, Ontario, 2005.C. You, S. Briggs, and M. E. Orazem, “Model Development Methodology for Localized Corrosion of Copper,” Corrosion Science, 222 (2023), 111388.C. You, Y. Chuai, S. Briggs, and M. E. Orazem, “Model for Corrosion of Copper in a Nuclear Waste Repository,” Corrosion Science, 226 (2023), 111658.PHREEQC Version 3, United States Geological Survey, 202, https://www.usgs.gov/software/phreeqc-version-3. AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the Nuclear Waste Management Organization, Canada, under project 2000904.

Evaluation of the HR Management and Organization Capacity of Bapenda for Optimizing Regional Fiscal Independence

This research aims to evaluate the capacity of the Tegal Regency Regional Revenue Agency as a regional tax management organisation based on the two OECD pillars, namely human resource management, and organisational management, to assist the Tegal district government's efforts to increase fiscal independence. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Primary data sources are interviews with seven respondents at the Regional Revenue Management Agency of Tegal Regency and secondary data in the form of documents related to the research topic. The results of the research show that the condition of human resource management capacity and organisational management of the Tegal Regency Bapenda still requires further capacity development, especially capacity in the medium and significant categories. Some of the problems that still need further capacity development include those related to the competence of employees at Bapenda who do not fully fulfil tax administration functions, the division of tasks and authority that is still not effective. Also, there are still policies that have not been evaluated and updated regularly. This research is expected to provide an overview of the condition of human resource management capacity and the Tegal Regency Bapenda organisation's management of regional taxes so that it can be used as a reference in planning organisational capacity development in an effort to achieve regional fiscal independence.

The structuring of a (semi) agile-based organization: product orientation in a state agency

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to analyze how a change towards product orientation based on an agile approach challenges, contrasts and/or coexists with other principles of organization and grouping, such as development projects, the existing hierarchical line structure and process management.Design/methodology/approachThis is a case study of one organization, based on an explorative appoach.FindingsTaking the competing dimension of coordination and principles of grouping as the starting point, this study identify, describe and analyze the tensions that result from the introduction of product organization. The product initiative has met many obstacles and tensions along four dimensions: Process, line, information technology units and development projects. For each of these dimensions a number of challenges have been identified, that contribute to increased complexity in the organization.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the study is that the findings cannot be generalized to other organizations.Practical implicationsA practical implication of the study is that product organization triggers tensions with other principles of organizations and grouping.Originality/valueThis study mainly contributes to the knowledge of agile management and agile organization, identifying and theorizing challenges that have been neglected and/or poorly understood both in the popular literature and in organizational research. This is particularly the case in the public sector. This study is also relevant to the domain of multidimensional structures, adding an understanding of the novel opportunities and challenges of product- and agile-based grouping of activities in an organization.

Construction and Optimization of Comprehensive Risk Management System of Enterprises

In the complex and changing market environment, the construction and optimization of enterprise comprehensive risk management system is crucial. This study clarifies the connotation and objectives of enterprise comprehensive risk management, analyzes the main risks faced by the enterprise and the reasons for them, and constructs a comprehensive risk management system including risk management organization structure, process and information system. In terms of risk prevention and control in key areas, specific measures are proposed for strategic, financial and market risks. Meanwhile, through risk management technology innovation, culture construction and capacity enhancement, the efficiency and accuracy of risk management have been improved, and the risk awareness and professional quality of all staff have been enhanced. In conclusion, the comprehensive risk management system of an enterprise is a systematic project, which requires the joint efforts of all departments to adapt to the market environment and provide guarantee for the sound development of the enterprise.

Realising Rights of Nature across and beneath the Southern Ocean

ABSTRACT If the philosophical, ecological, moral and ethical imperatives for Rights of Nature (RON) in the Antarctic can be argued to be clear, given the limitations and failures of contemporary instrumental environmental management, the modalities of operationalising and applying these to the Antarctic marine environment, commonly understood as the Southern Ocean, are not. Securing progressive environmental policies is very much harder in the marine environment than ashore, everywhere. Structural complications of the existing Antarctic regime structure and the historic and contemporary regional geopolitics add to the challenges in the Southern Ocean, beyond those posed by RON. Classical Antarctic framings cast the Southern Ocean as either the area south of the Antarctic Convergence or as merely the area south of 60° South Latitude. Neither suffices for the purposes of RON. Antarctic biota cross even the Antarctic Convergence. In doing so, they enter spaces subject to extra-Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) international legal regimes including Regional Fisheries Management Organisations abutting the ATS area and/or coastal state jurisdictions in the sub-Antarctic. They also penetrate deep below the levels of the ocean hitherto operationally managed by the ATS. Even ‘within’ the ATS geographical area, the deep seabed and particular taxa (cetaceans) are formally subject to other regimes. The area of relevance for RON is thus neither coterminous with the geographical area nor the jurisdictional competence of the ATS. The relevant geographical area is a ‘Greater Southern Ocean’. The politico-legal context across multiple regimes meaningful to RON is extraordinarily complex and multi-tiered. Advancing a RON discourse across this huge and complex field likely entails a fragmented engagement with discrete jurisdictional and institutional entities, albeit an engagement informed by a unitary and coherent understanding and purpose. Necessary as this is, it will be neither simple nor quick.