External Environment Of Organization Research Articles

Using punctuated equilibrium theory to explain changes in policy outputs: The case of the United States Coast Guard

AbstractThis article explores the utility of punctuated equilibrium (PE) theory in explaining revolutionary organizational change in the public sector and its effects on policy implementation, with a focus on the United States Coast Guard. We illustrate our model using data from in‐depth interviews with current and former senior Coast Guard officers and enlisted personnel, as well as secondary sources such as historical accounts and budget data. Through content analysis, we argue that PE theory begins with a change in the public sector organization's external environment, which then affects organizational strategy, structure, power distribution, and outputs. Punctuated equilibrium theory proves to be a valuable lens for understanding policy outputs in relation to organizational change.Related ArticlesKwon, Sung‐Wook, and Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman. 2019. “Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 300–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12295.Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled Web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill through a Principal–Agent Lens.”Politics & Policy 40(4): 629–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x.Peng, Peiwen, and Tangzhe Cao. 2023. “Attention, Institutional Friction, and Punctuated Equilibrium in China's Budget: Changes in Social Security and Employment Expenditure.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 256–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12523.

How Can Policy Diffusion of Intergovernmental Public Health Emergency Cooperation Be Realized? Evidence from China

The complexity of interregional crises challenges global emergency management, highlighting the need for enhanced intergovernmental emergency cooperation. The article focuses on the policy diffusion of intergovernmental public health emergency cooperation (IPHEC) among local governments, proposing an analytical framework that includes internal organizational characteristics, an external organizational environment, and interorganizational relationships. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), it finds four pathways influencing the policy diffusion of IPHEC: economic-pressure response, economic-crisis driven, resource-pressure driven, and resource-crisis-trust coordinated. Factors including economic development level, resource supply level, administrative pressure, crisis situation, and trust basis exhibit different operational logics within these four pathways.

INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN UKRAINE: SITUATION, PROBLEMSAND POSSIBLE WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT

The article presents the results of a study of the state, problems and possible ways to improve the investment climate in Ukraine in the new extreme conditions of doing business. Improving and stabilizing the investment climate in Ukraine during martial law is necessary to ensure economic development, attract international resources, rebuild infrastructure, strengthen the international image and protect national business. The purpose of the article is to study the state and problems of the formation of the country's investment climate in conditions of full-scale military operations, analysis of the main factors affecting the level of investment attractiveness of enterprises in conditions of uncertainty, study of the main ways and directions of improvement of the investment climate in Ukraine.As a result of the research, it was established that the investment climate should be defined as a set of political, economic, legal, social-cultural, scientific-technological, demographic, infrastructural and natural-geographical factors that form the degree of investment attractiveness and determine the level of investment risk. A model of the formation of the investment climate in Ukraine was built, taking into account the main factors of the internal and external environment of enterprises and organizations under martial law. The main threats and changes in the macro-environment of the country under the influence of the war are structured. It was found that there was not a single field of activity of economic entities that was not affected by the war. One of the main ways to improve the investment climate in Ukraine today is the insurance of military and political risks, which is an extremely important aspect for protecting capital investments and ensuring business development. It is the stabilization of the investment climate that will prevent the outflow of capital abroad and preserve resources for further development. In addition to large-scale infrastructure reconstruction projects, investments can be aimed at supporting small and medium-sized businesses, which are an important source of innovation and jobs.

Corporate training in commercial banks: trends in the foreign financial sector

Currently, many organizations see an urgent need for systematic and targeted development of the skills and abilities of their employees, and are reviewing their training concepts and strategies, since changes in the external and internal organizational environment require adaptation to new processes, procedures, technologies and systems. Commercial banks are no exception to this rule. International studies reflecting the practice of personnel policy and human resource management in the largest banks in the world, such as JP Morgan, Bank of America, Citigroup, KCB, Equity, Pan–African Bank, Bank of Africa, etc., show that corporate training is highly appreciated by employees, is perceived as a mechanism of motivation and employee loyalty, helps reduce turnover personnel and increase the productivity of their work. Thus, personnel development through corporate training programs becomes a necessary and integral part of the personnel policy of modern companies in the banking sector, integrated into the strategy of corporate training and personnel policy in the unity of strategic goals and objectives of general management.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND DIGITAL CULTURE

The paper marks the strong link between digital transformation and digital culture and how success is the result of two mutually conditioning variables. Digital transformation is a vast and complex phenomenon with multiple implications operating on two levels: microeconomic and macroeconomic. As a result, both internal and external organizational environments are changing profoundly. The digital transformation has two sides (it is both an autonomous strategy and the result of the digital one). This restructuring is taking place as a result of the new effects generated by this process: new business models, increased competitiveness in the business world, increased organizational efficiency and effectiveness, and culture plays an important role in this new landscape. Industry 4.0 is also a key determinant that has imposed a series of organizational changes and is linked to digital culture and digital transformation. The tools used were literature review and bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer for visualizing the main and secondary synapses between the variables. Through them, the hypothesis of interdependence between variables (digital transformation and digital culture) was validated. Digital transformation and digital organisational culture condition each other to ensure organizational success in an increasingly volatile, unstable, ambiguous, and digitally complex environment. The items that ensure the connection of the variables and the way in which new conceptual nodes are connected have been identified.

The role of competitive intelligence in achieving participatory management within sports organizations

Competitive intelligence is a process carried out by the institution to acquire, process, and distribute information related to competition and market. Its importance lies in the information and the knowledge collected by the organisation about its competitors. This study aims to determine the nature of the relationship between competitive intelligence and participatory management. We used a random sample of employees in the Directorate of Youth and Sports Foundation - Tebessa, Estimated at 40 employees, and to collect data, we used the questionnaire and analyzed it through the statistical program SPSS. We found that competitive intelligence provides information and data about the organisation's external environment and keeps it abreast of development, prosperity, and growth. It has an effective role in the process of evaluating competitors and thus reduces competitive surprises. The importance of participatory management lies in allowing employees to develop their skills and talents by facing the management's problems.

Perceived organizational support, self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal on resilience in emergency nurses who sustained workplace violence: A mediation analysis.

The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience; (b) to investigate the potential mediating role of general self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence; and (c) to explore the application of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency department nurses. A cross-sectional study. From February 17, 2021, to March 8, 2021, 825 emergency nurses working in the emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China, completed an online survey. Data on resilience, organizational support, cognitive reappraisal and general self-efficacy were collected through questionnaires. The Spearman analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between variables, while the mediation analysis was conducted using AMOS 23.0 statistical software. The findings of a study involving 825 emergency nurses who reported experiencing workplace violence reveal a positive correlation between perceived organizational support and resilience. Additionally, it has been observed that the relationship between these two factors is mediated by both cognitive reappraisal and general self-efficacy. Furthermore, the mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal is more significant in this relationship. Kumpfer's resilience framework is found to apply to emergency nurses. Perceived organizational support, an environmental factor, affects resilience directly and positively. In addition, cognitive reappraisal and general self-efficacy, which are individual factors, mediate this influence path. These findings suggest an interaction between environmental and individual factors in determining the resilience of emergency nurses. These findings have implications for developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses exposed to occupational violence. Enhancing personal attributes such as general self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal is as significant as strengthening external organizational support environments for enhancing nurses' resilience. Emergency nurses participated in the pilot test of our questionnaire survey and gave their opinions on the questionnaire design. What is already known about the topic? In emergency rooms, workplace violence is prevalent, and it seriously endangers nurses' physical and mental health. Enhancing resilience can improve nurses' ability to self-regulate after experiencing violence. However, the drivers and mechanisms of resilience among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence remain unidentified. What this paper adds? This study confirms the applicability of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence. Nurses' self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience after exposure to workplace violence. The resilience process for emergency nurses involves the interaction of individual and environmental factors. Implications for practice/policy. Managers and researchers should consider the interaction between individual and environmental factors when developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses who have suffered workplace violence. It is essential to support emergency nurses from the dyadic dimensions of the environment and the individual. A supportive organizational environment and individual positive adjustment strategies are equally important in promoting resilience among nurses.

The external organizational environment and its impact on strategic management accounting practices: an empirical investigation

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of organizational external environmental factors on strategic management accounting (SMA) usage in an emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachThe study collected data from 79 public limited companies listed with the Dhaka Stock Exchange (Bangladesh) through a questionnaire survey. Multiple regression analysis is employed to test the impact of external environmental variables such as perceived environmental uncertainty and intensity of competition on SMA usage.FindingsThe study finds a significant positive impact of environmental uncertainty (fluctuation in the external environmental factors) and intensity of competition (domination by few companies) on SMA usage. However, the direction and magnitude of this impact vary considerably for specific groups of SMA practices such as costing, competitor accounting, customer accounting and planning and performance measurement techniques.Originality/valueThis study shows the impact of several facets of environmental uncertainty (i.e. unpredictability, fluctuation, ambiguity, lack of information and uncertainty of the outcome of decision) and intensity of competition (i.e. stressfulness and domination) in the empirical-based SMA research.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РИСКАМИ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ВЫСШЕГО И ПОСЛЕВУЗОВСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ОНЛАЙН-ФОРМАТА ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ПРОГРАММАХ ПОДГОТОВКИ МАГИСТРОВ И ДОКТОРОВ ДЕЛОВОГО АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЯ (MBA И DBA)

In the presented article, the main results of the study on the necessity and specifi cs of risk management in the implementation of postgraduate business education in a distance format are presented for consideration. The author considers factors that increase the uncertainty of the external environment of organizations of higher and postgraduate education, the infl uence of these factors on the process of making managerial decisions and its eff ectiveness. In addition, the applicability of international practices and approaches to risk management in the system of higher and postgraduate education is determined. General and specifi c risk groups are established that arise precisely in the distance education format, where appropriate, tools for monitoring or reducing the impact of uncertainty that can cause these risks are proposed. The paper provides a classifi cation of risks, which, in the author’s opinion, quite fully structures the main risks associated with higher education in general, business education and distance learning in articular. In the article, the author gives his practical experience of adapting the international standard to postgraduate distance business education programs, including in the absence of a formalized risk management system in the organization of higher and postgraduate education in which these programs are implemented.

The Impact of Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior on Employees’ Proactive Behavior: A Cognitive and Affective Integration Perspective

With the increasing complexity of the external organizational environment, employees’ proactive behavior has become a critical factor for organizational success. However, there is limited research exploring the mechanisms behind employees’ proactive behavior from the perspective of family supportive supervisor behavior, which satisfies employees’ work–family balance. Based on the Cognitive–Affective Personality System theory and in the context of escalating work–family conflict and the Chinese cultural context, which emphasizes reciprocity, this study collected survey data from 535 employees in two stages. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between family supportive supervisor behavior and employees’ proactive behavior. The results show that family supportive supervisor behavior has a positive impact on employees’ proactive behavior; perceived insider status and affective commitment partially mediate the impact of family supportive supervisor behavior on employees’ proactive behavior; and perceived insider status and affective commitment play chain-mediating roles in the influence of family supportive supervisor behavior on employees’ proactive behavior. This study innovatively reveals the “black box” of the relationship between family supportive supervisor behavior and employees’ proactive behavior from the internal perspective of individual cognition–emotion. This expands the research on the consequences of family supportive supervisor behavior in the work field and provides inspiration for enterprises on how to motivate employees’ proactive behavior.

The Social Structure of School Resource Disparities: How Social Capital and Interorganizational Relationships Matter for Educational Equity

One potentially underestimated aspect of resource inequity in U.S. public schools is access to social capital in external organizational environments. This research examines partnerships among 211 New York City high schools and 918 partner organizations from 2001 to 2005 as sources of external school social capital providing resources that can strengthen organizational capacity to improve educational opportunities and outcomes. The findings, based on an innovative analysis combining content analysis, social network analysis, and multilevel modeling, demonstrate that four partnership characteristics are important in this context: (1) how long partnerships last versus how many there are, (2) partners concentrating resources in a particular area versus across diverse complementary areas, (3) partners being densely connected to other schools and partners rather than being central in the overall school–partner network, and (4) partners conveying instructional resources versus other kinds of resources. Hence, educational research and policy should more broadly conceptualize how schools’ external organizational environments matter for educational equity and the role particular kinds of partnerships can play.

Information misbehavior: How organizations use information to deceive

AbstractRecent examples of organizational wrongdoing such as those that led to the opioid crisis and the 2008 financial meltdown show that organizations can deliberately use information to deceive others, resulting in serious harm. This brief communication explores the role of information in organizational wrongdoing. We analyze a dataset consisting of 80 cases of high‐penalty corporate wrongdoing in the United States in the period 2000–2020. Our analysis of documents filed by the US Department of Justice and federal regulatory agencies in those cases found that organizations use two general information strategies to deceive and mislead. First, organizations can “sow doubt” on statements by others that hurt the organization's interests. Second, organizations can “exploit trust” that others have placed in them to provide truthful information. Our analysis suggests that which strategy is adopted depends on the degree that the organization's external information use environment is “contested” or “controlled.” Across the cases examined, we observe three types of information behaviors that implement the strategy of sowing doubt and exploiting trust: information obfuscation, information concealment, and information falsification.

Information System Strategic Planning at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate

Institut Agama Islam Ternate (IAIN) is one of the universities that run business processes in terms of educational services. IAIN Ternate has implemented information systems and information technology (IS/IT) to support its business processes. However, the implementation of IS/IT has not been equipped with strategic planning, so all forms of procurement, development, and maintenance of IS/IT are only available upon request and are not yet aligned with the organization's strategic plan. This research was conducted to design organizational needs into an IS/IT strategic plan at IAIN Ternate using the Ward and Peppard Framework. This research was conducted using interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) with the leaders and staff of the units at IAIN Ternate. The tools used for the analysis of the organization's internal environment are SWOT and value chain; for the analysis of the organization's external environment, PESTLE and McFarlan Grid are used to map the application portfolio. Based on the results of the study, IAIN Ternate has utilized IS and IT. To achieve the vision, mission, and objectives of IAIN Ternate, it is recommended that IS/IT become a priority for development. The IT Strategic Plan consists of an IS strategy, an IT strategy, and an IS/IT management strategy.

Understanding Human Resource Management in the Context of Internal and External Environment of Organizations

Based on an examination of the dynamically changing global market, the primary objective of this research project is to investigate the influence of both internal and external environmental elements on the human resource management and strategy employed by businesses. This study investigates in depth the issues that Human Resource Management (HRM) faces and covers the necessity of corporate social responsibility, fundamental corporate values, balancing and accommodating the expectations of diverse stakeholders, balancing the requirements of employees, and enhancing organizational performance when assessing the influence of the internal and external environment for the purpose of executing an effective HRM strategy. The research also showed that HRM has to develop effective and transparent communication and information channels beginning with top management, promote corporate inclusivity and openness from the standpoint of job variety, and construct a fair management structure in order to effectively manage employees. It is concluded that developing an effective human resource management system is vital to the success of any organization.

Industry 4.0-based Technologies as a Tool for Implementation of Strategies for Diversified Growth

The fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0 is already a fact in the form of a set of high technologies in business organizations; of new business models aimed at digitalization; of national, European and global strategic initiatives aimed at promoting digitalization of business; as a phenomenon changing the ways of production, consumption, communication, and in the long term also of training and education. This industrial revolution is an important factor in the external business environment of modern business organizations, which can promote or limit their development. The technologies associated with it represent an important internal determinant of growth. In this regard, the present article examines the “Industry 4.0” phenomenon and its relationship with strategic business planning and the implementation of a specific type of business growth strategies. In conclusion, the article answers the question whether and how Industry 4.0-based technologies contribute to the implementation of the examined strategies for diversified growth in enterprises.

МЕТОДИ ВИБОРУ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВ РОЗВИТКУ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The purpose of the article is to analyze the methods used to substantiate strategic alternatives for the development of a trade enterprise. The importance of choosing and implementing a competitive strategy for trade enterprises is emphasized as a basis for creating, preserving and strengthening competitive positions in the long term. The essence of such tools of strategic analysis as SWOT-analysis, SPACE-analysis, GAP-analysis is considered, the peculiarities of their application, advantages and disadvantages are characterized. It is noted that the most popular tool of strategic management, which allows searching for optimal strategic solutions, is the SWOT-analysis. The method of SWOT-analysis is considered, such shortcomings of this method are pointed out, such as the subjectivity of the selection and ranking of factors, problems with the completeness, relevance and reliability of primary information, insufficient competence of experts. It is emphasized that when conducting a SWOT-analysis, it is necessary to determine not only the opportunities and threats of the organization's external environment, but also to identify the probability of use and the impact of the selected opportunities and threats on the organization's performance, for which opportunities and threats matrices should be built. The methodology and organizational stages of SPACE-analysis are characterized. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of taking into account the specifics of the company's activity when applying SPACE-analysis, which is connected with the formation of a list of key assessment criteria. The essence of GAP-analysis was studied, its advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, a conclusion was drawn about the importance and necessity of assessing the density of the relationship between the actual and estimated values of the indicators studied during the analysis. It was concluded that the general problems of the application of the considered methods at domestic enterprises are the low qualification of managers, their lack of understanding of the meaning of the analysis results, the simplified procedure for its implementation, insufficient information base for the application of matrix analysis methods, insufficient clear understanding by managers of the role of strategic analysis in the enterprise management system.

Non-monetary stimulation of staff: A case study of businesses in the developing market

In this paper, we have examined the topic related to staff stimulation, more specifically, what does it include and why is staff stimulation done? How does it affect workers? What are the challenges and achievements of the training? This paper is based on the research of Kabashi et al. (2015), Jusufi and Ramaj (2020). It is known that stimulation is an important tool for staff development, it is of great importance due to the extraordinary rate of change in the internal and external organizational environment. It is important to ensure that the business is complying with competition rules, this can be achieved through ongoing training. We also organized a survey regarding the expectations from the training, and the experience gained and the results provide answers that prove the theses about the impact of stimulation and motivation on the efficiency and authority that will have during the performance of operational works. The managerial staff of businesses has approximate expectations with benefits and results, proving the thesis that in addition to objective stimulation and motivation such as salary, the staff also needs subjective stimulation by training, evaluating, and feeling important within the business where they work.

Библиотечно-информационное образование в контексте нормативных и социальных трансформаций

The strategic legal documents of the federal level that define the key requirements for the professional activities of library and information specialists are elaborated. The analysis of the external and internal environment of libraries and educational organizations was conducted and the trends affecting their development were formulated: digitalization, the growth of open data, the strengthening of the evaluation and analytical functions of library specialists, the anonymization of users. Directions of the development of higher LIS education, considering current social and professional needs, are proposed: differentiation of specialized competencies, formation of a mixed educational environment, conjugation of curricula, practice needs, forward-looking forms of activity, regulatory requirements and expectations of applicants, conducting fundamental and applied research, ensuring the effectiveness of intra-industry interaction.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article highlights the fundamental reasons for the formation of the management accounting system in the investment activity of the enterprise, which are the uncertainty of the external organizational environment, the emergence of communication barriers between the participants of the investment process, resource limitations in the provision of investment activities and the terms of the life cycle of the investment project. The features of the information provided to support the management accounting system have been clarified and supplemented. The content of the system of management accounting of investment activity is substantiated and supplemented in view of the interaction and interrelationship of the elements of this system, which occurs through the process of collection and transformation of accounting and analytical information in order to perform the functions of enterprise management. The peculiarities of the formation of the system of management accounting of investment activities are determined in view of the objects of investment, which are real and financial investments. It was determined that for the accounting and control of real investment objects, an investment center is created as a separate unit, which ensures the efficiency of the use of capital investments, the normative indicator of which is their estimated cost. It was found that the resource provision of real investment objects is carried out within the framework of a project or a portfolio of projects. It is proposed to single out the investment project as an independent center of responsibility, which is related to its specific features: uniqueness, temporality, one-time use, limited time and resources. The peculiarities of the formation of the management accounting system of investment projects through the implementation of the following stages are determined: 1) construction of the center of responsibility for the investment project; 2) development of the content of management reporting; 3) development of management accounting classifiers; 4) selection of methods of management accounting of investment costs in accordance with the project budget; 5) development of regulations for management accounting of investments aimed at project implementation.

Strategic aspects of personnel management in media organizations under modern conditions with allowance for the factor of economic security

Aim.The presented study aims to investigate the features of strategic personnel management in media organizations in the context of weakening economic security at all levels of the Russian economy caused by the ongoing sanctions confrontation between Russia and the ‘collective West’.Tasks.The authors explore the essence of strategic personnel management in a media organization; analyze the types of human resources strategies and identify specific features of their implementation; conduct a PEST analysis of Russian media organizations and assess the impact of new political and economic factors on personnel management in them.Methods.This study uses the methods of generalization, graphical data interpretation, strategic and situational analysis, and expert assessments.Results.Due to the aggravation of the sanctions confrontation with the ‘collective West’, the external environment of Russian business organizations has changed recently. These changes are industry specific. For example, in the media industry, the impact of changes in the external environment is most clearly manifested in personnel management processes. In this regard, human resources strategies of media organizations need to be updated, revised, and transformed into combined strategies that would make allowance for the specific features of a particular organization and its personnel. It is established that the decisive factor for successfully changing the human resources strategy of a media organization is its internal ability to change quickly under the influence of surrounding events and circumstances without sacrificing management efficiency. The described approach makes it possible to ensure the economic security of a media organization.Conclusions.The potential decrease in employee loyalty and efficiency associated with concerns about wages and loss of income sources in the changing business environment can be compensated by actively involving employees in the assessment of the current situation and development of operational management measures. Due to the dynamic ongoing changes in the macro environment, the traditional office environment is being replaced by other forms of work that companies consider acceptable. This will not only improve the physical safety and psychological health of creative media personnel, but will also make it possible to promptly inform clients of news portals and television channels, quickly respond to provocations from opponents on social media, maintain equipment in working order on a 24-hour basis, etc. Managers of media organizations should cultivate the skill of managerial influence. Managerial skills developed by department heads as well as employees create an efficient working environment and form a sense of belonging among employees. The changing external environment makes it necessary to improve the strategy and personnel policy of the media organization by introducing a personalized approach to personnel management. Bearing in mind the rapid technological development of the media industry, retraining and advanced training of employees remains an important strategic aspect of human capital development in a media organization. This aspect requires increased attention from managers.