Organic Waste Management Research Articles

A REVIEW OF THE FUTURE OF BIOMASS-BASED FERTILIZER IN INDONESIA

Biomass-based fertilizers, derived from plant or animal matter, are a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers, derived from renewable sources and encouraging sustainable agricultural practices. Biofertilizers, which contain beneficial microorganisms, increase nutrient absorption and promote plant growth. Biomass-based fertilizers offer numerous advantages over synthetic fertilizers, including organic matter and nutrient enrichment, reliance on renewable sources, soil health and conservation of biodiversity, and reducing agricultures reliance on chemical inputs. By promoting sustainable agricultural practices and reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers, Indonesia can achieve its agricultural development goals. However, Indonesia faces challenges in feedstock availability, collection, processing infrastructure, quality control, farmer education, and economic viability. Challenges include improving organic waste management, establishing processing infrastructure, ensuring consistent quality control and standardization, increasing farmer awareness, and addressing economic viability and market development. The future of biomass-based fertilizers in Indonesia holds great potential, with research and development efforts resulting in innovations in production processes, feedstock management, and nutrient formulation. Government support and policy, integration with circular economy practices, and export potential are also key future prospects. KEYWORDS: Biomass; circular economy; fertilizer; sustainability; waste management

Strategi CSR PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy dalam meningkatkan kualitas kopi geothermal area kamojang

This study aims to determine the CSR Strategy of PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy in Improving the Quality of Kamojang Geothermal Area Coffee, regarding (1) PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy's CSR Strategy Process in improving the quality of Kamojang Geothermal Area Coffee (2) Developing an organic waste management program in the Kamojang area to support sustainable agricultural practices, so as to improve soil fertility and yield quality of Kamojang Geothermal Coffee (3) Increasing market access for coffee farmers in the Kamojang area by helping them market their coffee products to a wider market, both domestically and abroad. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data collection in this study was carried out by interviews, non-participant observation. This program covers the cultivation and processing of coffee. The scope of cultivation in question is PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Kamojang participates in increasing capacity and providing assistance in optimizing the Kamojang Area Geothermal Coffee cultivation process in farmer groups. The scope of coffee processing includes capacity building as well as providing assistance with coffee processing facilities and infrastructure for the Mount Kamojang farmer groups. Through this program, it is hoped that the company can participate in increasing the capacity of residents around Kamojang while optimizing agricultural commodities in the Kamojang area. The theory of supporting communication methods in this study is Stakeholder Theory, and CSR. Based on the research results, it was found that PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy's CSR Strategy process in improving the quality of Geothermal Coffee in the Kamojang Area was carried out by Social Mapping, Surveys, Compilation. Program, Implementation, Evaluation / Monitoring As for Developing an organic waste management program in the Kamojang area to support sustainable agricultural practices, so as to increase soil fertility and yield quality for Geothermal Coffee in the Kamojang Area As well as finding several Improve market access for coffee farmers in the Kamojang area by helping they market their coffee products to a wider market, both domestically and abroad, winning awards, for the community getting development, knowledge and skills, improving the economy and for employees getting new experiences, as a learning method. Keywords: PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Kamojang CSR Strategy, Geothermal Coffee Processing Cultivation and Community Empowerment

Blatticomposting: A Sustainable Approach for Organic Waste Management

Most chemically produced fertilisers emit methane and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, which are toxic to humans, composting is a great alternative to artificial fertilisers. Half of the organic waste generated by mankind is compostable. Blatticomposting is an innovative method for managing organic waste using cockroaches as bio converters in sustainable waste management. It is an eco-friendly strategy and an efficient method for nutrient recycling and organic waste decomposition. Overall blatticomposting presents a unique opportunity to transform waste management practices and contribute to a more sustainable future. This review paper aims to provide an overview of blatticomposting and its process, its benefits, challenges and prospects. Furthermore, we explore the potential applications of this technique and its contribution to waste reduction, resource recovery, and sustainable agriculture which leads to the upliftment of mankind leading to a healthy life.

Pre-impregnation approach to encapsulate radioactive liquid organic waste in geopolymer

The pre-disposal management of Radioactive Liquid Organic Waste (RLOW) is hampered by its challenging physico-chemical properties. In this work, a straightforward conditioning option based on RLOW impregnation on absorbing materials and followed by encapsulation in a stable geopolymeric matrix is proposed, avoiding onerous pre-treatments and the use of surfactants. Recycled materials have been investigated as adsorbent and geopolymer precursors to foster process sustainability. Relevant properties have been studied to ascertain the waste acceptance criteria accomplishment: materials compatibility, RLOW loading factor and bleeding, microstructure, compressive strength, leaching and thermal stability. This approach is promising, although some criticalities remain unsolved.

The Circular Economy Concept of Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Thailand

Mahidol University is the leader of sustainable higher education institute of Thailand, which has been transformed to be “A promise place to live and learn together with nature”. In order to reach the sustainable development goals, the sustainability strategy was implemented through research, innovation, education, operation, and community engagement. The circular economy concept by closing loop of waste generation from the campus activity was presented. The organic waste management by segregations of food waste and yard waste through the fermentation process was implemented. The recycle waste bank program has been initiated with in campus and primary school outside. The cooperation platform with private sector in order to build a network on waste management was developed as incentives to reduce household waste.

MENGOPTIMALKAN POTENSI SAMPAH ORGANIK UNTUK MENDORONG PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN PADA REVIEW SISTEMATIS

Organic waste management plays a crucial role in supporting sustainable agriculture by recycling valuable resources and reducing environmental impacts. This systematic literature review explores the implementation of organic waste management strategies, including composting, vermicomposting, fermentation, and eco-friendly technologies, in developed countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The review also highlights the challenges and opportunities in each country, considering technological limitations, social and cultural aspects, as well as policy and regulations. Moreover, it analyzes the implications for sustainable agriculture and provides recommendations for further research. The findings underscore the importance of integrating organic waste management into agricultural practices to enhance soil fertility, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote sustainable farming systems globally.

Community Empowerment in Transforming Household and Agricultural Waste into Valuable Products towards the Green Village Concept

It is essential to manage waste in an integrated manner, beginning at the domestic and village levels. In fact, there are still a significant number of residents who throw trash carelessly. Jurangjero village, a village in Klaten Regency, Central Java, is an example of a village that does not adequately manage its waste. In addition, the village has agricultural waste issues that require optimal utilization, including rice straw. This community service program aims to increase public awareness of organic and inorganic domestic waste management and agricultural waste management so that they can be applied appropriately to the concept of the green village. The program’s methods included field observations, waste management outreach, and training. The training included the creation of organic fertilizers, eco-bricks, plastic waste containers, and straw paper. Farmer groups and farmer women’s groups have gained an understanding of the management of domestic organic waste into organic fertilizer and compost as a result of the outreach and training activities. Karangtaruna has also gained an understanding of inorganic waste management by applying the recycling concept, which entails transforming plastic refuse into plastic pots and ecobricks. They have also grasped the production of economically valuable art paper from rice stalks. The descriptive analysis revealed that the average pre-test and posttest scores were 55.58 and 76.67, respectively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that this community service program has increased residents’ knowledge of managing domestic and agricultural waste to create valuable products. The support of the village administration is required for sustainable waste management and the continuation of empowerment initiatives.

Exploring Insect-based technology for waste management and livestock feeding in selected South and East Asian countries

This paper aimed to investigate the Asian’s willingness to use black soldier fly larvae for organic waste management and livestock feed. A random sampling method was adopted based on waste generation and substrate availability. In addition, it contributes to filling gaps in research into public acceptance, social perception, and Attitude towards BSFL-based organic waste management. It has been found that different subgroups in different countries have inconsistent attitudes towards using BSFL technology. Stack group in Afghanistan (3.94 ± 0.90), Pakistan (4.45 ± 0.61), China (4.48 ± 0.54) highly agree, and Bangladesh (3.21 ± 0.57) agree, but the other groups are not sure or show different perceptions. The results of our study indicate that BSFL is a more acceptable feed supplement than conventional food; participants rated their willingness to blend 500 grams of BSFL with conventional feed and preferred to feed livestock, dogs, fish, birds, and cats. It is established that most of the respondents were familiar with the BSFL technology, namely in China (3.58 ± 0.87), Bangladesh (3.55 ± 0.8), Pakistan (3.24 ± 0.82), Afghanistan (2.63 ± 0.5). The waste group with the mean value from Afghanistan (2.87 ± 0.76), Bangladesh (2.74 ± 1.41), China (2.76 ± 1.12), and Pakistan (2.78 ± 1.28). Finally, the article shows a direct relationship between public acceptance of BSFL for waste management and subject erudition.

Thermodynamic prediction of biogas production and combustion: The spontaneity and energy conversion efficiency from photosynthesis to combustion

Due to inappropriate energy consumption and subpar waste management, the growing population leads to an increase in energy demand and environmental damage. The creation of biogas enhances the management of organic waste and provides renewable energy. The production of biogas, which is a mixture of several gases, primarily methane and carbon dioxide, occurs during the four phases of aerobic digestion (AD). The four stages are hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogensis. Biogas comprises 50–70% Methane, 25–40% carbon dioxide and remaining traces of gases. In this paper, these biogas production processes are not thoroughly studied utilizing thermodynamic principles. Using thermodynamic criteria, this article analyses and assesses why the aerobic digesting process is spontaneous. Entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of reactions during the various stages of the formation of biogas are examined. At Standard Temperature and Pressure Conditions (STP), the combined four phases of biogas formation are exothermic and spontaneous based on the analysis of Entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of reactions from balanced equations at standard conditions of temperature and pressure. A unit mole of glucose is used to compare the energy released during photosynthesis with the energy released during biogas burning. Three moles of methane can be produced from decomposition of glucose. The combustion of three moles of methane yields 2406.876 kJ energy and if the same amount of moles of biogas (60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide) burns the energy yield is reduced to 1604.584 kJ. From the energy captured by photosynthesis i.e., 2808.1 kJ/mol 57.141% of the energy is recovered in the biogas combustion process. This efficiency reaches to 85.711% if pure methane is burned. As the separation of methane from biogas, mixture in actual plants is not economically feasible the combustion of methane gas the ideal limit of the efficiency.

SOSIALISASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP BERSIH DI PONDOK PESANTREN NIDHOMUDDIN

Garbage that is not managed properly will cause pollution to water, soil and air pollution. Garbage is often a worthless item, causing no awareness of the existence of this waste. Pondok Pesantren Nidhomuddin, Negara Ratu Natar Village, South Lampung fosters approximately 140 students consisting of 60 male students and 80 female students. Pondok Pesantren Nidhomuddin have facilities such as 1 mosque, 7 classes each for male and female students, 10 bathrooms for male students and 18 bathrooms for female students. Based on the problems above, this activity was carried out to provide solutions to the problems faced by students in Pondok Pesantren Nidhomuddin. This service activity was carried out at Pondok Pesantren Nidhomuddin,Negara Ratu Natar Village, South Lampung. the steps of the community service activities carried out are preliminary studies and location surveys, mapping problems related to organic and organic waste processing, socialization activities and assistance related to organic waste management using the composting method and the ecobrick method for inorganic waste. The material presented in the socialization activity is related to what is organic and inorganic waste, waste processing procedures, organic and inorganic waste processing, environmental sanitation, and finally giving questionnaires at the beginning and end of the workshop activity to evaluate community service activities. Based on the results of the questionnaire given to the socialization participants, there was an increase in the knowledge of the students regarding waste management and environmental sanitation. It is hoped that the students can implement good and correct waste processing in Pondok Pesantren Nidhomuddin.

Food and Garden Organic Waste Management in Australia: Co-Benefits for Regional Communities and Local Government

Landfilling organic waste generates greenhouse gases and contributes to climate change. While the management of organic waste has been identified by all tiers of Australian government as paramount to meeting net zero emissions targets, diversion of domestic organic waste from landfill is primarily the responsibility of local government. This review of academic and grey literature considers developments in food organics and garden organics collections in Australia and the implications for regional communities. It reviews source-separated collections and the treatment of organic waste administered by regional local governments and identifies there is a dearth of information in this area. Key knowledge gaps emerging from the study include: (1) There is a disconnect between the various state governments’ policies, strategies, and regulation of organics diversion and action on mandating or supporting kerbside collections; (2) there is insufficient funding and subsidy to encourage councils to implement collection systems, and (3) the community has limited understanding of the cost and environmental burden of waste, and subsequently there is no willingness to pay for collection systems. This paper outlines how these issues contribute to individual regional councils deferring kerbside organic waste collection systems and offers recommendations that could enable the achievement of more ideal diversion targets that are relevant to, and affordable for, their local communities.

Management of organic waste into liquid fertilizer and compost welcoming the blue economy of Rancabungur

Global waste management is estimated that every year, only 20% can be recycled or recovered. The rest is a problem because of the generation of waste that pollutes various ecosystems and has an impact on decreasing the value of environmental services. The blue economy concept of Rancabungur Village is a new discourse of development in Rancabungur that accelerates economic growth, community welfare, and environmental health. One of the efforts to increase economic growth is to increase public awareness of managing waste which can later produce economic value, creativity, and the environment. The purpose of this activity is to provide an understanding to the target audience about the importance of waste management, to socialize the importance of sorting waste, and to provide training on processing organic waste into organic liquid fertilizer and compost so that it can increase family income. This activity is carried out live and online. After getting material on waste management and management. The results show that participants who want to manage waste want their surrounding environment to be healthy and beautiful as much as 88.2%, followed by managing waste can make money as much as 48.5%, waste management 29.1%, trust management rate 20.6% and need a more detailed explanation 19.1%. This activity will provide solutions to problems that develop in the community, increasing people's income.

PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MENJADI ECO ENZYME SEBAGAI SOLUSI PUPUK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI LINGKUNGAN SD WONOSARI 01, KECAMATAN PUGER, KABUPATEN JEMBER

This study aims to utilize organic waste that has not been considered by the community so far to become a versatile product in the form of eco enzyme in Wonosari Village, Puger District, Jember Regency. This research was conducted in May 2023 using a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative methods using analytic descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques used are interviews, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the existence of organic waste in the community is still being neglected. There are many ways that can be used to manage organic waste, one of which is by making eco enzymes from organic waste. The training on making eco enzymes in the Elementary School Wonosari 01 area received a positive response. It was found that there was a significant increase in knowledge about organic waste management, from a percentage of 0% to 81.8% in the good category. While the moderate and less categories decreased from 36.4% to 18.2% the moderate category and from 63.6% the less category became 0%.

A STUDY OF BENEFIT AND COST ANALYIS OF THE COMPOSTING AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION FOR ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

Awareness of Indonesian people about waste management is low, specifically in organic waste management. Organic waste management is relatively easy. On the other hand, the community or person always chooses open dumping and open burning. These techniques are not sustainable actions, for the environment, even for living things. Waste could be managed sustainably, i.e., composting and thermal decomposition (pyrolisis). Composting produces organic fertilizer that is saleable and profitable. Thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) potentially have three product, bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. These products are marketable and promising too. This research aims to study the potential application of composting and thermal decomposition technology on a small-neighborhood scale based on cost-benefit analysis. The study used benefit-cost analysis. Literature studies collect data from national and international journals, law products, and government policies. The study resulted that composting required more area than pyrolisis. It is a constraint criterion to consider applying the composting method in TPS 3R. The social cost green house gas (GHG) was the biggest component that contributed to the total cost. Meanwhile, in total benefit, the benefit sale of product solid waste treatment was the biggest. Pyrolisis was more feasible than composting based on BCR value. The composting duration was the limiting factor that affected the BCR value negatively (less than 1). It indicated to sustainable running, TPS 3R should be subsidized on investment and operational costs. Composting should be applied at the household level to achieve the maximal benefit. Sharing responsibilities between the household level and TPS 3R management about percentage of processing organic waste should be implemented. It could level out household participation in solid waste management.

University Departments as Change Agents in the Organic Waste Management Sector: Lessons from Action Research Initiatives in Thailand and Taiwan

Abstract Due to the concentration of people and industries, cities are the main human habitats where residents can create opportunities for flourishing economic, political and social lives. However, these diverse anthropogenic activities also create flows of material and energy within cities that are inevitably produced and wasted. In order to investigate how cities can better reduce and repurpose the flows of material and energy, this paper adopts the urban metabolism approach to frame cities as a complex socio-ecological system where natural and human systems co-produce the environment the urban population depends on. To illustrate urban metabolism at work, we have selected Thaklong municipality in Thailand and Pingtung county in Taiwan as case studies to compare different innovative measures taken by university departments to reduce organic waste through action research oriented repurposing experiments. Although the size of the cities, the type of targeted organic waste varies and local culture differs, the case studies of Thaklong and Pingtung show that the university departments as change agents and the stakeholders as recipients of proposed change face similar opportunities and challenges.

Pendampingan Pengelolaan Sampah di Pondok Pesantren Islam Ulul Albab Menuju Zero Waste Boarding School

One of the common problems that can be easily found in educational institutions in general, and Islamic boarding schools in particular, is the poor handling of organic and inorganic waste. If waste is handled correctly, it will not only minimize environmental pollution but can also be a source of fundraising. Ulul Albab Islamic Boarding School (UA IBS), which is located in the village of Banjaragung, dist. Jatiagung, reg. South Lampung, Lampung province, Indonesia, was the target partner in organic and inorganic waste management assistance activities. This initial assistance activity, in the form of counseling, was the initial part of the Assistance Program for Organic and Inorganic Waste Management at UA IBS. The main objective of this extension activity was to increase the knowledge of UA IBS managers and residents about integrated organic and inorganic waste management. The method of carrying out this activity was a face-to-face discussion on the concept and technique of integrated waste management to produce a value-added product in the form of compost. The results of this counseling activity were evident from the response of the manager, asatidzah, and students who enthusiastically participated in the activity and increased their knowledge about integrated organic and inorganic waste management to become value-added products.

Socialization of Fermentation Technology on Eco Enzymes as Raw Materials for Agro-industry at Muhammadiyah 3 Jember Senior High School

Waste is a daily problem for human life in the world, this is because waste production occurs every day. The increase in the amount of waste per day causes various diseases that will have a more dangerous health impact on both humans and the environment for the next generation. A clean and healthy school environment will support a good teaching and learning process. Muhammadiyah 3 Jember Senior High School is one of the schools that is always developing to become a model school in Jember Regency. However, based on the results of preliminary observations, organic waste management has not been implemented. Eco enzymes are natural multi-purpose liquids, which are fermented from sugar, fruit/vegetable residues, and water. Eco enzymes can be liquids that provide many benefits for households, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Basically, Eco enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions in nature to produce useful enzymes using fruit or vegetable waste. This enzyme from "waste" is one way of waste management that utilizes kitchen scraps for something very useful. The purpose of this community service activity is to introduce fermentation technology to Eco enzymes through increased participation in waste management. This activity was carried out in the form of direct socialization and training to 46 students. The resource person explained the material using the lecture and discussion method, then the participants directly practiced making Eco enzymes. Based on the results of observations of community service activities, students have not implemented organic waste management.

Community Empowerment: Processing Household Organic Waste into Compost Using the Takakura Technique

Household organic waste is produced from household activities every day. This garbage contains high water and rotten youth. High volume causes a buildup that pollutes the environment and becomes a disease outbreak. Improper management techniques can have negative impacts on health and the environment. An alternative to processing organic waste generated from household activities is composting, which turns household waste into compost. The process of composting can be done with the Takakura technique. The activities aimed to increase community knowledge in household organic waste management and provide skills in utilizing organic waste into compost using the Takakura method for one week. The methods used were education, training, and assistance in making compost using the Takakura method to residents and health cadres of RW 06 Sutorejo Village, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, totaling 14 people. The activity results showed that community and health volunteers could understand household organic waste and composters and could make compost from household organic waste using the Takakura method. This change in knowledge is evidenced by the increase in before and after education and the increase in participants' skills in making compost. Making compost from organic waste with the Takakura method is economical for every citizen and does not require high costs. Based on this service activity, continuous socialization and assistance are needed for residents to utilize household organic waste.

Sistem Pengukuran Kualitas Media pada Larva BSF (Black Soldier Fly) Berbasis Internet of Things Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes

Piles of waste increase in line with population growth and consumption patterns. The concept of bioconversion using black soldier fly larvae can solve the problem of organic waste management. From these problems, an application of Internet of Things technology is needed. The system implemented aims to allow the system to find out how much accuracy, precision, and recall are in making decisions on media quality values using the Naive Bayes method. The main feature of this Naive Bayes Classifier is the very strong assumption of the independence of each condition or event. From the research results, the system has been successfully built according to the research design, as well as the goals that have been fulfilled in completing the development of the smart maggot. Several sensors used in this study were tested so that sensor performance could be determined by finding the average error value. Three parameters are measured; namely, the temperature obtained an average error of 1.6%, air humidity obtained an average error of 2.03%, and soil moisture obtained an average error of 2.7%. By measuring using Python, the Confusion Matrix is obtained so that the test results from the calculation of the Naive Bayes method can find the data in the form of accuracy, precision, and recall. Accuracy percentage results obtained 92%, precision percentage average results obtained 93%, and recall percentage average results obtained 92%. The conclusion shows the results of the system's accuracy obtained have worked well.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The urgency of studying the issues of the development of the circular economy in the agro-industrial complex is caused by the demand for national and international food security, the importance of preserving the environment in conditions of irrational environmental management, the need to harmonise the economic, ecological and social spheres of human activity involved in the production, sale and consumption of agricultural products. The purpose of the study is to justify a comprehensive approach to the implementation of the circular economy model in the agro-industrial complex, in the context of ensuring food independence, economic security of the country and achieving the goals of sustainable development. In the course of the research the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical methods (comparison, analysis of absolute and relative values) and graphical methods were used in the evaluation of indicators of organic waste management of agricultural production, methods of a systematic approach – to justify a set of priority measures in the process of implementation of the model of circular economy in the agro-industrial complex. The information base for the research: legislative and regulatory acts; official materials of the State Statistical Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine. Based on the results of the research, a comprehensive approach to the implementation of the principles of circular economy in the agro-industrial complex was formed. The key factor is an effective public policy capable of ensuring high rates of development of innovative resource-saving technologies and the introduction of circular business models. State activity includes the development of tax, credit and pricing policies to stimulate the implementation of circular economy principles. It is important to develop and approve strategic plans, legislative and regulatory acts that regulate activities in the field of circular economy and are adapted to the standards and norms of the legislation of the European Union. The activities of agricultural enterprises should be directed towards cooperation with scientific and educational institutions in order to solve the problems of introducing innovations and improving the qualifications of employees, technical and technological modernisation, establishing partnership relations with investors, raw material suppliers and local self-government bodies. Ultimately, the implementation of these measures will contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector, the growth of investment attractiveness and the preservation of the environment.