Treatment Of Organic Pollutants Research Articles

Synergistic degradation of Azure B and sulfanilamide antibiotics by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor with an activated ligninolytic enzyme system

The treatment of complex polluted wastewater has become an increasingly critical concern for the various types of hazardous organic compounds, including synthetic dyes and pharmaceuticals. Due to their efficient and eco-friendly advantages, the white-rot fungi (WRF) have been applied to degrade environmental pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the removal ability of WRF (i.e., Trametes versicolor WH21) in the co-contamination system composed of Azure B dye and sulfacetamide (SCT). Our study discovered that the decolorization of Azure B (300 mg/L) by strain WH21 was significantly improved (from 30.5% to 86.5%) by the addition of SCT (30 mg/L), while the degradation of SCT was also increased from 76.4% to 96.2% in the co-contamination system. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses indicated that the ligninolytic enzyme system was activated by the enhanced enzymatic activities of MnPs and laccases, generating higher concentration of extracellular H2O2 and organic acids in strain WH21 in response to SCT stress. Purified MnP and laccase of strain WH21 were revealed with remarkable degradation effect on both Azure B and SCT. These findings significantly expanded the existing knowledge on the biological treatment of organic pollutants, indicating the strong promise of WRF in the treatment of complex polluted wastewater.

Review on the management of water quality for bio-mineral swimming pools in Western Europe.

In this review, we depict the state of the art concerning the water quality management of bio-mineral bathing pools, and compare these to traditional swimming pools. Bio-mineral pools use a combination of mechanic filtration, bio-filtration, and UV-treatment to disinfect the water. Studies in test tanks have shown that bio-filtration is effective in maintaining the water quality with regard to the treatment of organic pollution. Concerning biological risks, the bio-mineral pool relies on UV-treatment to degrade bacteria. Unlike chemical disinfectant treatments, UV disinfection does not lose its effectiveness in the event of high traffic in the pool. However, as only the water taken up by the filtration system is disinfected, it is essential that all the water in the pool is filtered. If the pool has a dead zone, its water is not disinfected and there is a risk of localized pathogen development. As the development of bio-mineral pools spreads in Europe, legislation gradually follows. The health parameters measured differ slightly from one country to another, but there are constants: the measurement of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In terms of biological swimming pools, regulatory homogeneity across Europe does not exist. From these comparisons, Austrian legislation segmenting water quality into 4 categories ranging from "excellent" to "poor" represents legislation that combines health and safety with indications of possible malfunctions. Next, a study of three real sites of bio-mineral pools is presented. It appears that whatever the type of pool, bio-mineral filtration makes it possible to achieve performances comparable to those encountered in chlorinated swimming pools concerning the risks associated with fecal contamination and external pollution. On the other hand, when frequentation is high, as is the case in small pools used for aquafitness, monitoring the risks of inter-bather contamination, as illustrated by the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, reveals a recurring problem. Knowing that this parameter is not evaluated in bathing waters in the natural environment and that numerous studies show that Staphyloccocus aureus are always detected, even on beaches, we propose the definition of three thresholds: i.e., 0CFU/100mL (threshold value in Wallonia) for water of excellent quality, less than 20CFU/100mL (threshold value in France) for water of very good quality, less than 50CFU/100mL (contribution of bathers by simple immersion) for good quality water, and more than 50CFU/100mL for poor quality water. This document could therefore be converted into a manual for operators on the use and management of bio-mineral baths.

Analysis of natural photocatalysts derived from spartina alterniflora with superior removal performance of pollutant

Spartina alterniflora, as an invasive alien species, has been studied in terms of its potential use in immobilization and synergistic photocatalysis against dye contaminants for the first time. Microscopic characterization and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of abundant 3D wormhole-like pore structures and active functional groups (-OH, –NH2, CO, Si–O–Si). Moreover, the existence of SiO2 was connected the metal oxides with polar groups, which could proceed entire reaction procedure subsequently. Transition metal oxides (such as Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO2 and NiO) contained in photocatalysts might effectively promote the organics decomposition by the visible light excitation. The highest dye removal efficiency of 92.03% could be reached with the addition of 0.02 g photocatalyst. The capture experiment confirmed that the h+ was the dominant active substance during the photocatalytic degradation process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified that the functional groups (-COOH, –OH and –NH2) were exceptional adsorption sites for catalyst, and the calculated adsorption energy were all negative with the order of SRHH-NH2 (−2.712688 eV) < SRHH-OH (−2.075601 eV) < SRHH-COOH (−1.283141 eV), which confirmed that interface interaction effectively bound cationic dyes through the formation of hydrogen bonds at the catalysts-water interface, further accelerating the reaction rate of the entire photocatalytic reduction of dye molecules. Therefore, this work provides a feasible synthesis of natural photocatalysts using solid waste, which suggests excellent adsorption and photocatalysis properties for the treatment of organic industrial pollutant.

Apparent and true mineralization during combined electro‐oxidation and electro‐coagulation on stainless steel anode

AbstractPresent study is a novel attempt to experimentally verify that electrochemical treatment of organic pollutants on stainless steel (SS) anode is a combination of electro‐oxidation (EO) and electro‐coagulation (EC) with quantitative estimation of individual contributions of the two mechanisms. Target organic pollutants, metformin HCl (MET‐HCl) and lamotrigine (LAM), were electrochemically treated with SS anode for this purpose. Experiments were designed using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to assess the effect of current density (CD) and supporting electrolyte concentration (SEC) as independent process parameters. Under all conditions, the process was experimentally verified to be a combination of EO and EC. For MET‐HCl, true mineralization (TM) as a result of EO contribution varied between 50.13% and 66.64%. EO contribution and resulting TM for LAM ranged from 37.5% to 61.83%. EC contributed 30.6%–31.84% towards MET‐HCl remediation causing the TOC to be transferred from the liquid to the sludge produced (SP). EC contribution was 23.68%–35.89% for LAM remediation. Thus, apparent mineralization (AM), the sum of EO and EC contributions, ranged from 80.63% to 97.79% for MET‐HCl and 61.18% to 96.82% for LAM.Process parameters were statistically optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to simultaneously maximize TM and AM with minimal energy consumption and maximal current efficiency. The optimized conditions were 0.83 mA/cm2 CD and 86.66 ppm SEC for MET‐HCl. The corresponding values were 1.31 mA/cm2 CD and 79.51 ppm SEC for LAM.

Boosting photocatalytic activity of CdLa2S4/ZnIn2S4 S-scheme heterojunctions with spatial separation of photoexcited carries

Rational design and interfacial tuning of two-dimensional semiconductor S-scheme heterojunctions remain challenging to explore efficient photocatalysts in solar hydrogen production and treatment of organic pollution in water. In this study, the CdLa2S4/ZnIn2S4 S-scheme heterojunctions with flower-shaped ZnIn2S4 loaded with fishbone-like CdLa2S4 nano-bulks were synthesized based on the different work functions. The heterogeneous interface provides a large surface contact area between the catalyst and the reaction solution, maximizing the utilization of active sites on ZnIn2S4. By meticulous design from the structure and interface function perspective, the prepared CdLa2S4/ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst heterojunction exhibited excellent performance in hydrogen production and organic pollutant degradation. In particular, the optimal hydrogen production rate of CdLa2S4/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction was up to 1582.3 μmol·g−1·h−1 under light irradiation, which was 2.65 and 89.4 times higher than that of pristine ZnIn2S4 and CdLa2S4, respectively. Besides, the optimized composites achieved 98.9% and 74.1% degradation efficiency for photocatalytic degradation of SMZ and 2,4-DCP, respectively. The deep electron transfer mechanism of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts is revealed by characterization techniques and DFT theoretical calculations. Moreover, theoretical calculations reveal that the In surface in ZnIn2S4 can form a substantial interfacial coupling effect by contacting CdLa2S4. The carriers reverse their motion by being driven by the Fermi energy level difference at the interface and the built-in electric field. This work contributes to the extension of providing further insights and perspectives on the preparation of ZnIn2S4-based heterojunction photocatalysts.

Sonochemical synthesis of Ag2CO3/CeO2 p-n heterojunction for decomposition of rhodamine B dye

Given their strong resistance to degradation and potential risks to both human health and aquatic life, the proper treatment of organic pollutants disposed in wastewater has received a lot of attention. In this study, we describe the development of an effective Ag2CO3/CeO2 p-n junction for the photocatalytic reduction of rhodamine B dye as a model cationic pollutant under UV radiation. Ag2CO3/CeO2 heterojunction was formed by combining sol-gel and sonochemical routes, on which silver carbonate is successfully distributed in a uniform arrangement on localized active sites in an ultrasonic bath of 300 W intensity. The physicochemical features of the solid specimen were explored via XRD, HRTEM, DRS, and PL experimental analysis. Ag2CO3 depresses the band gap energy of CeO2 revealing the shifting in the photocatalytic response to the visible region. The removal of RhB dye was performed under UV light radiation; however, the amount removed by the adsorption process does not exceed 15%. The decomposition of rhodamine B dye was carried out at a rate of 0.0035 min−1 for the optimum sample containing 5 wt % Ag2CO3 which is sevenfold higher than that on the surface of pristine CeO2 nanoparticles. The charge carrier migration proceeds through the type (II) heterojunction route by electron transfer from the conduction band of CeO2 to that of Ag2CO3.On the other hand, the positive hole jumps from the valence band of Ag2CO3 to that of CeO2. The charge carrier transportation occurs at the interface of the heterojunction until the Fermi levels of both oxidative and reductive are equilibrated and produce a strong inner electric field. The oxidation properties are determined by the positive holes of CeO2, while the reduced properties are controlled by the conduction band electrons of silver carbonate. The novel p–n junction is considered an excellent heterojunction for many photocatalytic applications.

C, F co-doping Ag/TiO2 with visible light photocatalytic performance toward degrading Rhodamine B

The organic pollutants in industrial wastewater continuously endanger human health. Therefore, effective treatment of organic pollutants is very urgent. Photocatalytic degradation technology is an excellent solution to remove it. TiO2 photocatalysts are easy to prepare and have high catalytic activity, unfortunately, TiO2 only absorbs ultraviolet light limiting its utilization of visible light. In this study, a facile environmentally friendly synthesis of Ag-coated on micro-wrinkled TiO2-based catalysts in order to extend the absorption of Visible light. Firstly, a fluorinated titanium dioxide precursor was prepared by a one-step solvothermal method, and the precursor was calcined at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a carbon dopant, and then a surface silver-deposited carbon/fluorine co-doped TiO2 photocatalyst C/F–Ag–TiO2 was prepared by a hydrothermal method The results showed that the Ag was coated on the wrinkled TiO2 layer and C/F–Ag–TiO2 photocatalyst was synthetized successfully. Benefit from the synergistic effect of doped carbon and fluorine atoms in combination with the quantum size effect of the surface silver nanoparticles, the band gap energy of C/F–Ag–TiO2 (2.56 eV) is obviously lower than anatase (3.2eV). The photocatalyst achieved an impressive degradation rate of 84.2% for Rhodamine B in 4 h, with a degradation rate constant of 0.367 h−1, which was 17 times higher than that of P25 under visible light. Therefore, the C/F–Ag–TiO2 composite is a promising candidate as a highly efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation.

Triboelectrification Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Environment

With the rapid development of industrialization, more and more organic pollutants are entering the water environment, rendering the treatment of organic pollutants a key issue in protecting it. Therefore, finding a convenient and effective method for degrading organic pollutants in water is of great importance. Triboelectrification is known as the process of charge transfer during the friction process. It is always accompanied by the energy level transition of electrons or holes, making it a potential method for catalytic degradation, which we refer to as triboelectrification catalysis. In this study, a set of experimental equipment was developed. The device is composed of a mechanical system, a control system, and a measurement system that can realize the quantitative measurement of the triboelectrification catalysis under different friction pairs, different loads, and different contact frequencies. Using the developed device, we observed stable triboelectrification catalytic degradation. This study performed triboelectrification catalytic experiments on various organic compounds including methyl orange, rhodamine, and tetracycline. The results revealed that these three organic compounds were degraded by 39%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, within three hours of being under the influence of triboelectrification catalysis. Subsequently, this study conducted triboelectrification catalytic experiments using materials with different triboelectric capacities. This study found that the triboelectric capacity significantly impacted the triboelectrification catalytic degradation rate, providing further evidence for the mechanism of triboelectrification catalysis. Additionally, this study found that SiO2 and Al2O3, which also utilize electrons as the primary carrier for triboelectrification, are capable of catalyzing the degradation of a methyl orange solution. Therefore, this study suggests that the triboelectrification catalysis is a versatile and widely applicable method for treating organic pollutants in water. With a broad range of catalyst sources and the ability to effectively degrade various organic pollutants, it shows promise as a solution for the problem of water pollution.

Mn(VII) enhanced by CaSO3 to remove trace organic pollutants in high salt organic wastewater: Further enhancement of salinity

The high concentration of salt in organic wastewater has a strong inhibitory effect on the removal of pollutants. A method for the efficient removal of trace pollutants in high-salinity organic wastewater was developed. This study investigated the effect of the combination of permanganate [Mn(VII)] and calcium sulfite [S(IV)] on pollutant removal in hypersaline wastewater. The Mn(VII)-CaSO3 system removed more pollutants from high-salinity organic wastewater than from normal-salinity wastewater. Chloride (increasing from 1 M to 5 M) and low concentration of sulfate (increasing from 0.05 M to 0.5 M) significantly enhanced the system's resistance to pollutants under neutral conditions. Despite the fact that Cl− can combine with the free radicals in the system and reduce their efficiency in removing pollutants, the presence of chloride ions greatly enhances the electron transfer rate in the system, promoting the conversion of Mn(VII) to Mn(III) and significantly increasing the reaction rate of Mn(III) as the primary active species. Therefore, chloride salts can greatly enhance the removal of organic pollutants by Mn(VII)-CaSO3. Although sulfate does not react with free radicals, a high concentration of sulfate (1 M) will affect the formation of Mn(III), which greatly weakens the removal effect of the entire system on pollutants. The system can still have a good pollutant removal effect with mixed salt. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the Mn(VII)-CaSO3 system offers new possibilities for the treatment of organic pollutants in hypersaline wastewater.

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles/biochar as an efficient catalyst for high-performance treatment of organic pollutants

High entropy alloys (HEA) have recently emerged as a new class of single-phase solid solution materials and attracted widespread attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, high entropy alloys/biochar (HEA@BC) were successfully prepared using alkaline lignin to derive biochar in concept of waste recycling. Benefiting from the unique multi-metallic composition and entropy-stabilized structure, HEA@BC exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the degradation of organic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and showed superiority compared with pure BC-600 and monometallic catalyst. With ofloxacin (OFX) as a typical antibiotic pollutant, the HEA@BC/PMS system could achieve 98.2% degradation efficiency within 90 min. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) results revealed a radical/nonradical combined degradation pathway, in which 1O2 may play a dominate role. XPS characterization and mechanistic study demonstrated that the five components all participated in the catalytic process with Co and Cu considered to be the main active sites. The outstanding catalytic performance of HEA@BC could be attributed to the synergistic effects between each metallic component and amorphous carbon matrix to accelerate the electron transmission. According to the analysis of oxidation products, the major degradation pathways for OFX were proposed and the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) predictions revealed that the degradation process can reduce toxicity gradually. The study may give new insights into the design and preparation of high entropy catalysts which highlight promising applications for organic wastewater treatment.

Synergistic mineralization of ofloxacin in electro-Fenton process with BDD anode: Reactivity and mechanism

This study aimed at exploring the performance of the electro-Fenton (EF) process with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an electrochemically exfoliated graphene-based cathode (EEGr), for removal of antibiotic ofloxacin (OFLO) from contaminated water. Compared with anodic oxidation (AO) process with BDD anode, the EF process with BDD anode (EF-BDD) could improve the decay kinetics of OFLO by 1.4–2.6 times and reduce the disposal cost by 28 %–41 %. Removal efficiency of TOC in EF-BDD process under 4.2 mA cm−2 was better than in AO process under 8.3 mA cm−2, pointing out that the cost effectiveness of the EF process for mineralization of OFLO under low current density conditions. This advantage is due to the simultaneous formation of homogeneous (•OH) and heterogeneous (BDD(•OH)) hydroxyl radicals in the process. The synergistic factor of •OH and BDD(•OH) for mineralization of OFLO decreased with the current density rising from 4.2 (0.28) to 16.6 mA cm−2 (-0.08). Decay kinetics of OFLO in the EF-BDD and AO were more converging under higher current densities owing to the production of large amount of BDD(•OH). In the EF-BDD, a trade-off should be considered between accumulated BDD(•OH) on the surface of BDD anode and H2O2 generation on the cathode. Absolute rate constant for oxidation of OFLO by •OH (kOFLO) was calculated to be 3.86 × 109 M−1 s−1. Evolution of carboxylic acids and inorganic ions as well as toxicity assessment were followed during the treatment of OFLO solutions. Results obtained proved that the EF-BDD process is outstanding for oxidative degradation of OFLO thanks to the synergistic effect of •OH and BDD(•OH). These very strong oxidants being non-selective, this result can be extended to the treatment of antibiotic organic pollutants.

Degradation of SMX with Peracetic Acid Activated by Nano Core-shell Co@NC Catalyst

Peracetic acid (PAA), as a new oxidant, has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of refractory organic pollution in sewage. In this study, the nano core-shell Co@NC catalyst was prepared via etching and used to activate PAA to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in sewage. The results indicated that the degradation rate of SMX reached 98%, and its reaction rate constant was 0.80 min-1 under optimal conditions (catalyst dosage=0.02 g·L-1, PAA concentration=0.12 mmol·L-1, pH=7, SMX concentration=10 μmol·L-1). With the increase in PAA concentration and core-shell Co@NC dosage, the degradation efficiency of SMX increased. The study found that the core-shell Co@NC/PAA system had the best degradation effect on SMX under near-neutral conditions (pH 6.0-8.0), and both acidic and alkaline environments were not conducive to SMX degradation. HCO3- and humic acid showed significant inhibition on the degradation of SMX, whereas Cl- showed weak inhibition. In addition, through a free radical quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection, acetoxy radical (CH3CO2CO3·) were the main active species for the degradation of organic pollutants in the system. Transformation products (TPs) of SMX were analyzed by U-HPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS, and a possible degradation path of SMX was proposed. At the same time, the catalyst recycling experiment showed that the nano core-shell Co@NC catalyst had good stability and reusability.

A Series of Polymer-Supported Polyoxometalates as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Dye.

Photocatalytic degradation technology has developed rapidly in the treatment of organic pollutants due to its high efficiency, mild reaction conditions and easy control. In this paper, a series of heterogeneous photocatalysts, BWZ-en-R (BWZ = [BW11Z(H2O)O39]7-, Z = Zn, Cd, Mn, en = ethylenediamine, R = Merrifield resin), were prepared by using ethanediamine as a linker to immobilize Keggin-type transition elements substituting tungstoborates on Merrifield resin and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The photocatalytic properties of BWZ-en-R (Z = Zn, Cd, Mn) for the degradation of methyl red (MR) were investigated. The results show that the BWZ-en-R (Z = Zn, Cd, Mn) photocatalysts exhibited high photodegradation ability for MR under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, and were easily separated from the reaction media. The maximum degradation rate (%) of MR (40 mL, 25 μM, pH = 2) reached 96.4% for the BWMn-en-R photocatalyst (40 mg) after being irradiated for 30 min, making this a promising photocatalyst candidate for dye degradation. Moreover, the influences of some factors, such as the Z-substituted elements in the BWZ, the BWZ-en-R dosage and the MR initial concentration, on the photocatalytic degradation rate of MR were also examined.

Graphite oxide as an electronic conductor modified ZIF-8/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) hybrid material used as a photocatalyst for removal of organic dyes under visible light irradiation.

It is a great challenge to develop photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in the aqueous environment, especially those with excellent catalytic performance under visible light conditions. In this work, using graphene oxide (GO) as an electron shuttle agent and carrier, a hybrid of ZIF-8/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and GO (ZIF-8/NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/GO) was prepared by a simple two-step solvothermal method. The morphology, structure, and combination of the synthesized catalysts were studied. The results showed that graphene oxide and ZIF-8 formed an in situ load on NH2-MIL-125(Ti). The construction of hybrid materials significantly improved the catalytic activity of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) in the visible light range. The degradation activity of the synthesized catalyst was further tested with reactive red dye. The results showed that the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic removal efficiency for active red, with a degradation rate of 99.8% within 2 h. The prepared hybrid materials have good application prospects in the field of organic pollutant treatment in water.

Mechanism of efficient magnetic biochar for typical aqueous organic contaminant combined-adsorption removal

Magnetic biochar adsorption is one of the most promising technologies for the treatment of organic pollutants in water, but there are problems of limited adsorption capacity and adsorption rate, and the adsorption mechanism of some small molecular organic pollutants needs to be further explored. A magnetic biochar (MBC) with high adsorption capacity and adsorption rate is successfully prepared by a modified chemical co-precipitation method, and methylene blue (MB) and acetone are used as representative pollutants. Through the combination of experiments and simulations, the adsorption mechanism of magnetic biochar on typical organic pollutants is explored. The results show that the magnets loaded on MBC are composed of Fe3O4 and FeO(OH) in a ratio of about 3:2, the saturation magnetization is 11.67 emu/g, and the adsorption capacities for MB and acetone are 645.08 mg/g and 59.42 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes are controlled by physical/chemical adsorption and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The chemical adsorption process mainly includes the polar effect contributed by oxygen-containing functional groups and the π-π interaction between MB molecules and biochar. This study can provide theoretical basis and optimization reference for the removal technology of organic pollutants in water.

Preparation of a Hybrid TiO2 and 1T/2H-MoS2 Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride.

Water pollution caused by antibiotics is a growing problem. Semiconductor photocatalysis is an environmentally friendly technology that can effectively degrade organic pollutants in water. Therefore, the development of efficient photocatalysts is of great significance to solve the environmental pollution problem. In this paper, mixed-phase TiO2 and 1T/2H-MoS2 composite (1T/2H-MoS2/TiO2) were synthesized by the in situ growth method. The prepared compounds were characterized and applied to the visible-light degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The photocatalytic effect of 1T/2H-MoS2/TiO2 on tetracycline hydrochloride is significantly enhanced under visible light and has good stability. It has potential applications in the treatment of organic pollutants in water.

Worldwide Efficiency of Bioremediation Techniques for Organic Pollutants in Soil: A Brief Review

Soil pollution is a major human and environmental issue. Among the several components of soil degradation, organic contaminant in soil is regarded as a significant factor that causes considerable damage to the environment along with several health dangers to humans. Polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, poly-brominated biphenyls, organic fuels particularly gasoline and diesel, herbicides, insecticides (carbamate and organophosphorus) are by far the most common forms of organic pollutants identified in soils. The employment of living organisms such as microorganisms and plants in bioremediation technology reduces/degrades, eliminates, and transforms pollutants found in soils, sediments, and water. This review examine and critically view the efficiency of bioremediation techniques for the polluted sites. The most common bioremediation technologies for the treatment of organic pollutants are bioventing, bio-sparging, bio-slurping, bio-augmentation, phytoremediation, bio-immobilization, bio-sorption, composting, land farming, aerobic degradation, co-metabolic and natural attenuation. The efficiency of these techniques depends on the pH, type of soil, level of oxygen, any other electron acceptors, temperature, and the nutrients. Selection of the treatment process depends upon the type of pollutant, concentration of the contaminant, site and source of pollution. All the treatment techniques are not good for all type of pollutants. Cost-effective techniques are mostly used worldwide as they have more public acceptance. Pump and treat methods were mostly used in Past but due to its non-reliability and excessive cost, these techniques are no longer in use.&#x0D; Keywords: Bioremediation Techniques; Soil Pollution; Organic Pollutants; Efficiency, Environmental Contamination&#x0D; &#x0D; Copyright (c) 2023 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember&#x0D; This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

MIL-101(Fe)/polysulfone hollow microspheres from pickering emulsion template for effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

The utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants has gained significant attention in recent years, yet the challenge of recycling MOFs has hindered their widespread use. In this study, we have fabricated a novel MIL-101(Fe)/Polysulfone (MP) composite hollow microsphere via a Pickering emulsion template approach for the application in photo-Fenton degradation of methylene Blue (MB). Our results revealed that the loading of MIL-101(Fe) plays a crucial role in determining the porosity, density, and optical properties of the MP composite microspheres. The MP composite microspheres exhibited excellent MB removal performance and showed a higher adsorption rate compared to MIL-101(Fe) and Polysulfone (PSF). The enhanced performance can be attributed to the porous structure and electrostatic attraction between MB+ and negatively charged PSF materials. Additionally, the MP composite microspheres displayed good degradation efficiency and a high degree of reusability, remaining stable even after 5 cycles. These results demonstrate that the MP composite microsphere is a highly effective, reusable, and durable photocatalyst for the treatment of water and organic pollutants.

Research progress on key factors of dielectric-barrier discharge plasma for wastewater treatment

Plasma treatment of wastewater is known as a new advanced oxidation process (AOP), which has attracted extensive attention. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma has the characteristics of no vacuum pumping and high electron number density. It has outstanding application value in various forms of plasma. There are many coupling factors that affect the characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge plasma and the effect of wastewater treatment. Optimizing the key parameters is of great significance to improve the treatment efficiency and reduce the treatment cost. This paper introduces the principle, experimental device, potential advantages and application value of dielectric barrier discharge, summarizes the influence rules of key factors such as high voltage power supply characteristics, electrode configuration, carrier gas and reactor design on the characteristics of organic pollutant wastewater treatment by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The optimization and matching of multiple factors are important problems. This paper provides a useful reference for the engineering application of plasma technology for wastewater treatment.

Boron nitride quantum dots modified carbon-defects ultra-thin porous carbon nitride: double channels and quantum size effects facilitate photogenerated carrier migration and exciton dissociation

Graphite carbon nitride possesses great promise for visible photocatalysis, but the bulk carbon nitride prepared from nitrogen-rich precursors such as melamine has inherent drawbacks such as retarded photogenerated carrier migration and exciton effects, which limit its application. Herein, we constructed a novel Boron nitride quantum dots modified carbon-defects ultra-thin porous carbon nitride (BNQDs/Vc-UPCN). The double channels were constructed by carbon-defects structure and Boron nitride quantum effect to overcome its inherent drawbacks and applied to the photodegradation of common persistent organic pollutants (methylene blue). The structure, porosity, elemental composition, optical properties, photoelectrochemical properties, and photocatalytic properties of the prepared BNQDs/Vc-UPCN composites were investigated using various characterization methods. Meanwhile, the results of radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance characterization demonstrated that BNQDs/Vc-UPCN promote molecular oxygen activation more than Vc-UPCN did. In terms of degradation effect, the best sample (BC-1) is 10 times more effective than the initial sample (BCN). This study proposes an effective mechanism for constructing novel visible-light-driven photocatalysts using carbon-defects ultra-thin structures and quantum dots, which can be used for the treatment of organic pollutants.