Organic Part Research Articles

Hydroxyapatite Film with Distinctive Roughness for Simulating the Bone Microenvironment and Revealing the Behavior of Metastatic Mammary Cancer.

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor arising in normal mammary epithelial tissues. Nearly 75% of the patients with advanced mammary cancer develop bone metastases, resulting in secondary tumor growth, osteolytic bone degradation, and poor prognosis. The bone matrix comprises a highly hierarchical architecture and is composed of a nonmineral organic part, a predominantly type-I collagen, and a mineral inorganic part composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). Although there has been extensive research indicating that the material properties of bone minerals affect metastatic breast cancer, it remains unclear how the microenvironment of the bone matrix, such as the roughness, which changes as a result of osteolytic bone remodeling, affects this disease. In this study, we created HA coatings in situ on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) by incubating PEMs in a mixture of phosphate and calcium ions. The HA films with distinctive roughness were successfully collected by controlling the incubation time, which served as the simulated microenvironment of the bone matrix. MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells were cultured on HA films, and an optimal roughness was observed in the adhesion, proliferation, and expression of two cytokines closely related to bone metastasis. This study contributed to the understanding of the effect of the microenvironment of the bone matrix, such as the roughness, on the metastasis behavior of breast cancer.

Tritium Behavior from Vine to Wine

The hydrogen radioactive isotope, tritium, not only reflects seasonal variation in precipitation but also variations on a local level. To use this radioisotope in authentication and geographical indication procedures, the tritium levels in vines, grapes, and wine were measured in two forms: (1) tissue-free water tritium (TFWT), measured in the free water of the plant or the aqueous phase of the wine; (2) organically bound tritium (OBT), measured in the organic part of the plant or wine (as ethanol). This paper presents the tritium behavior in vines from May to October and in the wine produced from harvested grapes for both tritium forms (TFWT and OBT) in connection with environmental tritium concentrations in air and precipitations during the 2019–2023 vegetation periods near the Râmnicu Vâlcea city. If the tritium of tissue-free water was influenced by precipitation and air humidity during the harvest period, the organically bound tritium recorded a maximum level with a delay of 1–2 months compared with tritium’s seasonal variation in precipitation and air. The tritium values of early mean in precipitation and ethanol from wine were approximately an average value of 11 TU for all 5 years of observations.

The release and migration mechanism of arsenic during pyrolysis process of Chinese coals

Special attention was drawn to the heavy metals contained in coal, due to it will cause harm to the environment during coal processing and utilization. The sequential chemical extraction of Shanxi coal (SX coal) and Wulanchabu coal (WLCB coal) was carried out to investigate the distribution of arsenic (As) in coals. Two raw coals were pyrolyzed at 300–900 °C in horizontal tubular furnace to investigate release behavior of As during pyrolysis process. The results showed that As in SX coal mainly existed in aluminosilicate-bound state (40.25%) and disulfide-bound state (32.51%), followed by carbonate-bound state and organic-bound state. The As in WLCB coal mainly existed in aluminosilicate-bound state (62.50%), followed by disulfide-bound state (19.10%). The As contents of water-soluble, ion-exchange and residue states in the two coals were less than others. The modes of occurrence of As had great influence on its volatilization behavior. As in organic part was easy to volatilize at low temperature. Sulfide-bound state would escape with the decomposition of pyrite. Because SX coal contained higher organic state and sulfide-bound state, the volatilization rate of As was higher than WLCB coal at any temperature, and the difference was more obvious at low temperature. In addition, FactSage simulation value was basically consistent with the experimental value.

Bimetallic Ba(II)-Cr(III) and trimetallic Ba(II)-Ln(III)-Cr(III) (Ln(III) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Y) coordination polymers formed by Cr(III)-containing building blocks with cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate anions

The reaction of chromium(III) nitrate with Ba(cpdc) (H2cpdc = cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid) in a ratio of 1:3 yielded a 1D coordination polymer {[Ba2Cr2(OH)2(cpdc)4(H2O)8]·5H2O}n (1) formed by binuclear units [Cr2(OH)2(cpdc)4]4− and a 3D polymer [Ba2Cr(cpdc)3(NO3)(H2O)6]n (2) constructed from tris-chelate blocks [Cr(cpdc)3]3−. The addition of rare-earth metal nitrates (Cr:Ln = 1:2) in this reaction led to the formation of a series of trimetallic 3D coordination polymers {[Ba3Ln2Cr4(cpdc)12(H2O)24]·8H2O}n (3Ln, Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Y), in whose structures tris-chelate fragments [Cr(cpdc)3]3− are bound in layers by Ln3+ ions and, further, in a framework due to the coordination of Ba2+ ions. The crystal structures of 1, 2, and 3Gd were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), and isostructurality of all the compounds in the series 3Ln was proved by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). DC-magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions between Cr3+ ions in compound 1 (J = +0.74 cm−1). According to ac-magnetic susceptibility measurements, complexes 3Er and 3Y exhibit field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization. According to the data of simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) performed under Ar atmosphere, dehydration of the compounds obtained takes place in one (for 1 and 3Gd) or three stages (for 2). The initial temperature of the organic part degradation process decreases when moving from compound 1 containing dimerized bis-chelate fragments [Cr2(OH)2(cpdc)4]4− (330 °C) to compounds 2 (276 °C) and 3Gd (261 °C) based on tris-chelate units [Cr(cpdc)3]3−.

Дисбаланс маси складових систем типу «середовище – речовина» за шкодочинної дії ендогенних факторів

The method developed and adapted by the authors of this work for determining and analysing the peculiarities of mass imbalance of water, organic and inorganic components in “medium (water)-substance” systems under the influence of harmful exo- and endogenous factors is proposed. The recommended method will help to objectively determine and assess the degree of harmful influence of individual factors on mass homeostasis. In addition, it will allow to characterization of the features of the relationship between the separately taken components of the substances in amniotic and allantois fluids. The presence of long-term effects of inflammatory factors in the fetal membrane fluids of the amnion and allantois is reflected in the functional and placental barrier of the uterus in gestating cows. The direction of the displaced parts of the mass of water, organic and inorganic substances vary depending on the circumstances, either in the direction of increase or in the direction of decrease. It is quite possible that the unequal ability of organic and inorganic substances to bind water is associated with changes in the parameters of the mass of nutrients assimilated by the fetus in the amniotic fluid and accumulation of their breakdown products in the allantois fluid. It has been established that long-term inflammatory processes in the genital organs of pregnant cows alter the manner and quantity of water, organic, and inorganic substances mass parts transferred into the fluid of the fetal membranes of the amnion and allantois through the placental barrier of the uterus. This negatively affects the ability of chemical and biochemical compounds to bind water molecules and alters the intensity of nutrient assimilation processes, converting them into simpler compounds. The strength and method of harmful action determine whether components in the ‘water-substance’ system move towards an increase or decrease in their mass parameters. The consequence of this redistribution is an imbalance in mass homeostasis, negatively impacting the viability, growth, and development of the embryo and newborn fetus.

Formulation and Characterization of New Experimental Dental Composites with Zirconium Filling in Different Forms.

Short glass fibers are generally used in posterior dental restorations to enhance the mechanical properties and improve the material microstructure. Two resin-based composites (S0 and SF) were formulated and characterized to investigate the influence of zirconium in their characteristics and properties. The organic part of the investigated materials was the same (BisGMA, TEGDMA, and a photochemical polymerization system), and in the inorganic part, besides quart, glassA, and hydroxylapatite with Zn, sample S0 contained strontium glass with zirconium and sample SF contained fiber powder of chopped zirconium. The samples were characterized by the degree of conversion (DC), mechanical properties, water sorption (WS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) before and after the WS test, and antimicrobial properties. The results obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical tests. Both samples had a high DC. Regarding the mechanical properties, both samples were very similar, except DTS, which was higher for the composite without fibers. After 14 days, the WS value of the SF sample was lower than that of the S0 sample. Water caused significant changes in the topography of the SF sample, but thanks to its antimicrobial properties and the diffusion phenomenon, SF had a more pronounced antimicrobial effect. This study shows that the addition of appropriate amounts of Sr-Zr-glass powder gives the material in which it is added similar properties to material containing chopped zirconium glass fiber powder. According to the antimicrobial test results, resin composites containing experimental zirconia fillings can be considered in future in vitro clinical studies for posterior reconstructions with significantly improved mechanical properties.

Physico-chemical characterization of a new supramolecular chlorobismuthate salt templated with 2,6 diaminopurinium hybrid material: Spectral, structural, theoretical (DFT and TD-DFT) studies, thermal behavior and optical investigation

The new hybrid bismuth(III)-based material (C5H8N6)6[Bi2Cl11].7Cl·4H2O has been synthesized and crystallized at room temperature by slow evaporation in the triclinic space group P 1̅ with the parameters: a = 11.5777(3)Å, b = 12.0847 (4)Å, c = 15.2286 (4) Å, β = 108.571 (6)°, Z = 2 and V = 1132.6 (2) Å3. The crystal structure consists of discrete Bi2Cl11 dioctahedral anions, four chloride surrounded by three 2,6 diaminopurinium cations, and two molecules of water were optimize by density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP method. The atomic arrangement can be described as an alternation of organic and inorganic parts which are linked via NH…Cl and OH…Cl hydrogen bonds, and offset π-π stacking interaction, form a three-dimensional network. The infrared and Raman spectra were recorded in the 4000–500 cm−1 and 3000–10 cm−1 frequency regions, respectively. Moreover, Theoretical investigations on the electronic structure, Simulated UV–visible spectrum, band gap, and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) were undertaken using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Our results indicate a satisfactory agreement between calculations and experimental results. Furthermore, the thermal behavior studied by thermogravimetric analyses shows good stability up to 170 °C. Finally, photoluminescence measurement indicates that the synthesized material manifests luminescence property and can be practical for use in the optoelectronics domain.

Specificity of Artemii Vedel’s Performing Interpretation of Liturgical Works on the Example of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom’s (C-Dur) Artistic Presentation

The purpose of the research is to highlight the peculiarities of the artistic interpretation of A. Wedel’s liturgical works, on the example of the artistic presentation of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (C-dur). The research methodology is based on the universal methods of scientific knowledge: induction, deduction, synthesis, structural and comparative analysis, cultural reconstruction, principles of objectivity and historicism. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the formation of a clear idea of artistic and interpretive approaches to the performance presentation of A. Vedel’s liturgical works and the specifics of the use of the composer’s liturgical works in modern liturgical and concert practice. The article is the first to propose an original artistic concept of a concert and performance interpretation of Artemius Vedel’s Liturgy in C-dur. Conclusions. The research has revealed that sacred musical liturgical imagery was for A. Vedel a source of reflection of his religious sentiments and at the same time a means of expressing an individual attitude to real-life events, actualised through various compositional vocal and choral means. The publication proves the following points: A. Vedel’s liturgical works are based on the traditional principles of Orthodox liturgical practice and are an organic part of the composer’s church music heritage; the interpretive and performing algorithm of choirmaster’s work on A. Vedel’s liturgical works, and in particular, the C-dur liturgy. Vedel’s liturgical works, especially the C-dur liturgy, should aim to reveal semantic subtexts and associations in the composer’s creative intentions, characterising the composer’s psychological personality and clarifying the religious and philosophical content inherent in the score.

ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ЯК УМОВА РОЗВИТКУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВИКЛАДАЧА

The article considers the importance of using modern technical means, which significantly improves the learning process. Ways to solve the problem of using modern information and communication technologies at various stages of the future teacher's professional activity are outlined. The subject specifics of the future teacher's professional activity make it possible to use modern communication tools at various stages of project implementation, combining technical tools with the latest educational technologies. Methodological features of ICT application during information search, project development, its assessment and self-assessment are highlighted. Variants of the appropriate use of publicly available computer programs and means of communication are offered in order to increase the professionalism of project implementation, optimize feedback between the teacher and subjects of study, and an innovative approach in the performance of complex tasks. It has been proven that the training of future teachers is effective on the basis of ICT (programming languages, ready-made software products, the Microsoft Office program package, cloud services, Internet resources, WEB-site), implemented in the educational process of special and psychological-pedagogical disciplines. The task of implementing ICT is to make the use of these technologies common and familiar in the activity of the teacher and become an integral, organic part of any lesson. At the same time, digital technologies also help in the implementation of scientific research work and guide students to practical activities. The results of the analysis of professional education in Ukraine and European countries show that digital educational technologies are the basis of the training of modern future teachers. The article notes that the process of personality development of the future teacher and his professional thinking increases the level of professional maturity, so he needs to realize the importance of using digital educational resources in his work.

Emerging Nonlinear Photocurrents in Lead Halide Perovskites for Spintronics.

Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) containing organic parts are emerging optoelectronic materials with a wide range of applications thanks to their high optical absorption, carrier mobility, and easy preparation methods. They possess spin-dependent properties, such as strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and are promising for spintronics. The Rashba effect in LHPs can be manipulated by a magnetic field and a polarized light field. Considering the surfaces and interfaces of LHPs, light polarization-dependent optoelectronics of LHPs has attracted attention, especially in terms of spin-dependent photocurrents (SDPs). Currently, there are intense efforts being made in the identification and separation of SDPs and spin-to-charge interconversion in LHP. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of second-order nonlinear photocurrents in LHP in regard to spintronics. First, a detailed background on Rashba SOC and its related effects (including the inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect) is given. Subsequently, nonlinear photo-induced effects leading to SDPs are presented. Then, SDPs due to the photo-induced inverse spin Hall effect and the circular photogalvanic effect, together with photocurrent due to the photon drag effect, are compared. This is followed by the main focus of nonlinear photocurrents in LHPs containing organic parts, starting from fundamentals related to spin-dependent optoelectronics. Finally, we conclude with a brief summary and future prospects.

Spin-coated high mobility MoO3 thin film for designing highly efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells

Among the thin film-photovoltaics, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most developing topics of research in recent times. Research records reveal that around 26 % efficiency in PSCs has already been achieved so far. However, the commercialization of those PSCs is hindered due to the toxicity of lead (Pb), and the instability of organic cations as well as structural volatility. Several inorganic materials including inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) have recently been proposed and developed to reduce the organic part in the device structure. We fabricate MoO3 thin film materials and conduct a detailed study to realize the potential of MoO3 as a unique HTL for application in PSCs. The synthesis of MoO3 thin film includes several characterization techniques e.g. XRD, FESEM, EDX, UV–Vis, and Hall Effect measurement. We design a MoO3 thin film-based, lead-free PSC structure of FTO/MoO3/PTAA/(FA)2BiCuI6/ZnO/Ag and perform numerical analysis using the SCAPS-1D simulation tool. In the device simulation process, we use the experimentally obtained optoelectrical properties of the MoO3 film and achieve a maximum efficiency of around 22.28 % in a contained lead-free PSC.

Assessing Quality Variations in Early Career Researchers’ Data Management Plans

This paper aims to better understand early career researchers’ (ECRs’) research data management (RDM) competencies by assessing the contents and quality of data management plans (DMPs) developed during a multi-stakeholder RDM course. We also aim to identify differences between DMPs in relation to several background variables (e.g., discipline, course track). The Basics of Research Data Management (BRDM) course has been held in two multi-faculty, research-intensive universities in Finland since 2020. In this study, 223 ECRs’ DMPs created in the BRDM of 2020 - 2022 were assessed, using the recommendations and criteria of the Finnish DMP Evaluation Guide + General Finnish DMP Guidance (FDEG). The median quality of DMPs appeared to be satisfactory. The differences in rating according to FDEG’s three-point performance criteria were statistically insignificant between DMPs developed in separate years, course tracks or disciplines. However, using content analysis, differences were found between disciplines or course tracks regarding DMP’s key characteristics such as sharing, storing, and preserving data. DMPs that contained a data table (DtDMPs) also differed highly significantly from prose DMPs. DtDMPs better acknowledged the data handling needs of different data types and improved the overall quality of a DMP. The results illustrated that the ECRs had learned the basic RDM competencies and grasped their significance to the integrity, reliability, and reusability of data. However, more focused, further training to reach the advanced competency is needed, especially in areas of handling and sharing personal data, legal issues, long-term preserving, and funders’ data policies. Equally important to the cultural change when RDM is an organic part of the research practices is to merge research support services, processes, and infrastructure into the research projects’ processes. Additionally, incentives are needed for sharing and reusing data.

Isoconversional kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition of Bidirectionally stabilized amorphous formulation loading Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) and Calcium Carbonate

Cholecalciferol, generally known as vitamin D3 (VD), and calcium (Ca2+) are very common dietary co-supplements in the pharmaceutical formulations, as they are symbiotically and pharmacologically dependent. Development of the VD/Ca2+ formulation is highly challenging due to stability and solubility issues, mainly for VD instability toward temperature, light, oxygen and pH. In this study, VD was loaded into carrier which consisted of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), yielding amorphous VD/ACC/HPMCAS formulation with various composition ratios. The structural and thermal stability study of the formulations was conducted to find that VD was a promising molecule for the stabilization of ACC even with the trace amount (0.6 %). On the other hand, ACC stabilized the amorphous state of VD; thus, they had a bidirectional stabilizing effect. The amount of VD played a significant role in thermal stabilization of the VD/ACC/HPMCAS formulations, for which kinetic analysis was performed. Using isoconversional expanded Friedman's model (FRM) activation energies of decomposition of the organic part were determined as 190, 133, and 114 kJ mol−1 for VD/ACC/HPMCAS = 0.6/64.0/35.4, 2.3/56.8/40.9, and 4.9/52.6/42.5 formulations, respectively, revealing that the formulation with the highest amount of VD (4.9 %) was the least stable. The dissolution advantage for VD by amorphization was also demonstrated.

Rational Design of 2D Metal Halide Perovskites with Low Congruent Melting Temperature and Large Melt-Processable Window.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive optical and electronic properties, coupled with excellent processability. However, the thermal characteristics of these materials are often overlooked, which can be harnessed to cater to diverse application scenarios. We showcase the efficacy of lowering the congruent melting temperature (Tm) of layered 2D MHPs by employing a strategy that involves the modification of flexible alkylammonium through N-methylation and I-substitution. Structural-property analysis reveals that the N-methylation and I-substitution play pivotal roles in reducing hydrogen bond interactions between the organic components and inorganic parts, lowering the rotational symmetry number of the cation and restricting the residual motion of the cations. Additional I···I interactions enhance intermolecular interactions and lead to improved molten stability, as evidenced by a higher viscosity. The 2D MHPs discussed in this study exhibit low Tm and wide melt-processable windows, e.g., (DMIPA)2PbI4 showcasing a low Tm of 98 °C and large melt-processable window of 145 °C. The efficacy of the strategy was further validated when applied to bromine-substituted 2D MHPs. Lowering the Tm and enhancing the molten stability of the MHPs hold great promise for various applications, including glass formation, preparation of high-quality films for photodetection, and fabrication of flexible devices.

Synergistic Densification in Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic MXenes for Optimized Photothermal Conversion

AbstractOptimizin the efficient light‐trapping in the photothermal conversion by enhancing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is crucial in improving light‐heat‐conversion efficiency of Ti3C2Tx MXene. However, its susceptibility to oxidation makes it prone to oxides formation, diminishing its metallic properties and significantly reducing the LSPR effect. This work synthesizes a kind of air‐stable hybrid Ti3C2Tx MXenes by a synergistic densification strategy that incorporates sulfhydryl‐bonding between organic and inorganic parts by reacting Ti3C2Tx MXene with thiocarboxylic acids. The resultant shortening of electron transport pathways, enhanced charge density, and the generation of additional electronic states around the Fermi level collectively contribute to an augmented LSPR effect. Additionally, the hybrid Ti3C2Tx MXenes also demonstrate high‐temperature resistance and reduced water interactions. These combined effects substantially elevate photothermal conversion efficiency through thiocarboxylic acids modification, reaching a photothermal evaporation rate of 1.77 kg m−2 h−1 with 94.56% efficiency in hybrid Ti3C2Tx MXenes. The approach paves the way for the design and development of a three‐in‐one strategy for photothermal conversion.

Association of a Skin Dressing Made With the Organic Part of Marine Sponges and Photobiomodulation on the Wound Healing in an Animal Model.

The present study aims to characterize and to evaluate the biological effects of a skin dressing manufactured with the organic part of the Chondrilla caribensis marine sponge (called spongin-like collagen (SC)) associated or not to photobiomodulation (PBM) on the skin wound healing of rats. Skin dressings were manufactured with SC and it was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a tensile assay. In order to evaluate its biological effects, an experimental model of cutaneous wounds was surgically performed. Eighteen rats were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: control group (CG): animals with skin wounds but without any treatment; marine collagen dressing group (DG): animals with skin wounds treated with marine collagen dressing; and the marine collagen dressing + PBM group (DPG): animals with skin wounds treated with marine collagen dressing and PBM. Histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical evaluations (qualitative and semiquantitative) of COX2, TGFβ, FGF, and VEGF were done. SEM demonstrates that the marine collagen dressing presented pores and interconnected fibers and adequate mechanical strength. Furthermore, in the microscopic analysis, an incomplete reepithelialization and the presence of granulation tissue with inflammatory infiltrate were observed in all experimental groups. In addition, foreign body was identified in the DG and DPG. COX2, TGFβ, FGF, and VEGF immunostaining was observed predominantly in the wound area of all experimental groups, with a statistically significant difference for FGF immunostaining score of DPG in relation to CG. The marine collagen dressing presented adequate physical characteristics and its association with PBM presented favorable biological effects to the skin repair process.

Determination of Sulfur Content in Mineral Mass for Prediction of Hazardous Properties of Coal Mine Seams

Introduction. Sulfur is found in the organic and mineral parts of all types of solid fuels, and its concentration determines the extent of the hazardous characteristics of mine seams. Therefore, research on the determination of sulfur content in fossil fuels has not lost its relevance. The total sulfur content and its varieties has been studied in most cases in terms of the efficiency of fuel processing processes, the quality and environmental safety of coal products. Less attention was paid to the hazardous properties of mine seams, forecasting and developing preventive measures for endogenous fires in coal mines. This work aims to develop an engineering method to calculate the elemental sulfur content in the mineral mass of coal to predict the hazardous properties of mine seams.Materials and Methods. According to the results of the correlation analysis, we established how the sulfur content in the combustible part of the fuel depended on the total sulfur. We analyzed data on coals from almost all mine seams of the Donetsk and Lviv-Volyn coal basins. We presented the ash ratios for the formation and basin samples, as well as the information about the total sulfur and sulfur content in the combustible part. This allowed us to estimate the sulfur content in mineral impurities by calculation. The initial data for developing the method were taken from reference and regulatory documents.Results. Seven sets were considered, which included from 149 to 1827 mine seams. For each, reference and calculation data were summarized:- sulfur content — total (Std) and in the combustible part of the fuel (Sг);- conditional points for adjusting the indicators to avoid obtaining negative average values;- empirical equations that describe the calculated and corrected dependencies based on the ratio of Std and Sг;- correlation of these indicators;- ranges of change in ash yield.All this information was presented for clean and raw coals, for ash yields of more and less than 10%. In one case, satisfactory results were noted for determining the calculated sulfur content in a conditionally non-combustible mass. This was a set of 149 mine layers. For 13 of them, the difference in indicators (Std – Sг) was greater than or equal to zero. For 136 — less than zero. For 81, the sulfur content in the conditionally non-combustible part of the fuel Sн was less than zero. At the same time, there was a sufficient level of correlation (0.79) and a limited range of changes in ash yield (2.4–10). The empirical equation corresponding to this set was recommended for predicting the hazardous properties of mine seams with an ash yield of less than 10%.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this study can be used to improve regulations for the safe conduct of mining activities, taking into account sulfur content in organic matter and in mineral impurities of fossil coal.

Overview: mineral elements and their role in animal nutrition

The intensification of livestock farming is aimed at a comprehensive increase in the production of milk, meat, wool, and other products by increasing the productivity of livestock and poultry and obtaining the maximum amount of product per unit of feed consumed with the lowest possible labor and cost. One of the main ways to increase animal productivity is through proper feeding. An imbalance in the rations in terms of essential and biologically active substances leads to metabolic disorders, a decrease in natural immunity, and diseases of the reproductive system, negatively affecting economic efficiency. The current use of industrial technologies for harvesting roughage and juicy feed is often violated, which leads to a decrease in its quality and high demand for protein, vitamins, and trace elements; in this regard, it is necessary to improve existing and look for new methods of production, evaluation, and use of feed and feed additives. Minerals ingested with water and feed play an essential role in animal nutrition. Quite often, both an excess of some and a lack of other trace elements are detected, which leads to a decrease in animal productivity and a deterioration in the quality of the products obtained from them. The lack of mineral elements can cause significant economic losses to livestock enterprises due to the massive occurrence of animal diseases and metabolic disorders, especially in the winter and spring. Trace elements play an essential role in animal nutrition, as they considerably impact the body's defenses, hematopoiesis, endocrine glands, and digestive tract microflora, participate in protein biosynthesis, and regulate metabolism. The extent to which minerals are used in the diet depends not only on their quantity and appropriate ratio but also, to a large extent, on the level of the organic part of the diet (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and vitamins. It has been proven that the additional introduction of deficient trace elements into the diet of animals increases their levels in the body, primarily in the liver. Thus, when determining the need for mineral elements in animals, their ratio to other biologically active substances should be considered based on balanced feeding. However, it should be noted that the level of absorption of trace elements by animals largely depends on the form of their compounds.

Encapsulation of Inorganic Nanoparticles by Anionic Emulsion Polymerization of Diethyl Methylene Malonate for Developing Hybrid Microparticles with Tailorable Composition

Colloidal particle self-assembly into higher-ordered structures has been of great interest due to the promise of creating metamaterials with novel macroscopic properties. The physicochemical properties of these metamaterials can be tailored to achieve composites with tunable functionalities, either by controlling the assembly morphology and/or chemistry of the colloidal building blocks. This work describes a strategy of developing microparticles with a hybrid configuration that have an inorganic and an organic part. The inorganic part comprises functional nanoparticles, which are embedded within an organic polymer particle composed of diethyl methylene malonate polymer [p(DEMM)] prepared using anionic emulsion polymerization. DEMM polymerization is initiated entirely by the presence of hydroxyl anions and the resulting particle diameter can be tuned between 300 nm and 1 micrometer by reaction pH. Inorganic nanoparticles with varying chemistry (TiO2, CdTe, ZnO) can be loaded into the p(DEMM) particle with a controlled weight fraction, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The colloidal stability of the composite microparticles is seen to be dependent on the ligand coating attached to the inorganic constituent. These results provide a synthetic groundwork for creating hybrid, stimuli-responsive microparticles.

Complex microwave processing of high-ash brown coal in relation to the energy and metallurgical industries

Relevance. The need of the Tomsk region for valuable energy resources obtained from local low-grade resources to develop iron ore deposits available in the region and cover energy needs. Aim. To study gaseous and solid products obtained from low-grade brown coal of the Talovsky deposit (Tomsk region) under microwave pyrolysis conditions in relation to the energy and metallurgical industries. Objects. Brown coal of the Talovsky deposit (Tomsk region). Methods. Certified SS methods to determine thermal characteristics and elemental composition of coal organic and mineral parts, the "transmission-reflection" method for measuring imaginary (ε'') and real (ε') components of the complex dielectric permittivity, physical experiment, gas analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method for measuring texture characteristics. Results. Brown coal of the Talovsky deposit has high values of moisture and ash contents for operating conditions, which leads to a low calorific value. Such characteristics make it possible to classify coal as a low-grade fuel, which indicates the inexpediency of its use as a raw material for the energy and metallurgical industries. Thermal processing by means of microwave pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain a high-calorie (heat of combustion over 21 MJ/m3) and environmentally friendly (hydrogen content over 29%) gaseous fuel from the low-grade brown coal of the Talovsky deposit. The resulting solid carbonaceous residue has an ash content of over 48%, which required its chemical treatment in a solution of HF and HCl. As a result of the solid carbonaceous residue treatment, its ash content decreased by more than 38%, the sulfur content – by more than 1.5 times. According to its characteristics, the resulting product corresponds to the currently available carbonaceous products – semi-coke, coke and carbon reducing agent for ferroalloy production.