Organs Of Human Body Research Articles

Evaluation of Cadmium Levels in Dental Calculus of Male Oral SCC Patients with Betel-Quid Chewing in Hunan Province of China.

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread trace toxic heavy metal with long biological half-life and may induce higher risk of cancer on multiple organs of human body. Recent studies have confirmed that dental calculus has enormous potential for investigation of exposure to Cd in the human mouth by acting as a time capsule. We aimed to examine relationship between Cd levels in dental calculus due to betel-quid chewing and risk of oral cancer. This study included 85 male oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases with betel-quid chewing and smoking as observation subjects (group A) and 67 healthy people with smoking but without betel-quid chewing as control subjects (group B) in Hunan province of Mainland China. Cd levels in calcified dental calculus samples from all participants were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of this study indicated that cadmium levels in dental calculus were significantly higher in male oral SCC patients with betel-quid chewing and smoking than that in healthy individuals without habit of betel-quid chewing and with smoking (p < 0.0001). This study gives some evidence to support that there may be a positive relationship between cadmium in dental calculus due to betel-quid chewing and risk of oral SCC.

Effect of atopic dermatitis-related cytokines on skin barrier

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, and is an important barrier. There is dysfunction of skin barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) , and the composition of cytokines in patients with AD is different from healthy persons. Many cytokines found in the skin of AD patients can affect the differentiation and cornification of keratinocytes. This review summarizes the latest advances in AD-related cytokines and their effect on skin barrier function. These results are helpful to understand the pathogenesis of AD, and may provide new directions for the treatment of AD. Key words: Dermatitis, atopic; Interleukins; Cytokines; Skin barrier

Kinetic Energy Harvesting from Human Hand Movement by Mounting micro Electromagnetic Generator

A comprehensive review of design and experimentation is presented in this research paper on sustainable renewable energy scavenging from Human body movement using Micro electromagnetic kinetic energy harvester to powering wearable, portable electronics, implantable medical devices etc. The body location which is chosen as the harvester is human hand between elbow and shoulder. Human body harvest energy in two ways i,e, mechanical energy and thermal energy. Mechanical energy is of two kinds one is static energy and the other one is kinetic energy. Due to motion or displacement or enforcement excitation the kinetic energy is extracted. The electric charges which remains imbalance on the surface or within a material is static energy. Thermal energy is extracted from the dissipation of heat from human body. Human body parts and organs generate energy through two types of activities are voluntary and involuntary. The energy which are produced by voluntary activities are high as people intentionally does work by body motion, walk, run. The generated energy by involuntary organs like heart, breathing, artery are smaller compare to voluntary energy harvesting. One process of energy harvesting is by use of micro electromagnetic generator, flexible and stretchable piezoelectric, triboelectric, electromagnetic induction, PVDF cantilever mounting on human body. The harvester prototype is cylindrical magnet L40xD10 mm size which is mounted on human hand for energy harvesting. While in movement of hand the produced wave forms by magnetic generator are measured and recorded for calculation. Analyzing the received data it has been found that the generated power by micro electromagnetic vibration generator from movement of human hand are 319 RMS μW and 2.48 RMS mV with a frequency of 0.25 Hz and power density of about 2.48μW/cm³.

Medical Service of Robots

Today, robots have not only penetrated to create microchips in electronics but also in medicine, where it helps to perform difficult operations, especially where precision is needed and the size is small and any human error could be fatal to the patient. Robots assist the doctor in heart, brain, kidney operations, not to mention bone implants and repair of damaged bones, cartilage and muscles. In this area, new materials adapted to the requirements of the human body also play an important role. The robotic systems used in today's operating blocks are very expensive and bulky and they need to be permanently adapted and prepared before a difficult operation, but in the end their help is unsurpassed because the operation takes place with the help of the machine and the computer, so they can perform a giant precision of hundredth of a millimeter, precision that stops the scalpel from cutting accidentally such as a nerve, a blood vessel, healthy tissue and anything else. Assisted operation brings infinitely more advantages than the disadvantage that the operator block is voluminous and costly. However, apart from the related space, the costs are amortized over time and the satisfaction of the successful operations is great for both the patients and the medical team. Surgery has taken advantage of this technology relatively late. Initial use of robots in surgery began in the late 1980s when an industrial robot was used to support instruments for stereotactic biopsy in neurosurgery. Also in the late 1980s, IBM built the first robot used in clinical practice, called Robo-doc. The first use of a robot in human surgery was for a transurethral prostate resection. In 1993, Computer Motion, Inc. introduced a voice-controlled arm, Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOPTM), used to support instruments, of optics in laparoscopic surgery. Its version, AESOPTM 2000 is the first human-controlled robot approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. In 1998, Reichenspurner introduced the ZEUS Microsurgical Robotic System into Germany. Today, the most complex and efficient robot in use is the daVinci system. With the birth of laparoscopy and information technology, surgery went into a new era. The development of surgical robots is primarily motivated by their desire the need to increase the effectiveness of surgical medical interventions. Medical actions are chosen based on information from various sources, including patient-specific data (vital signs and images of human body tissues and organs), general medical knowledge (atlases of human anatomy) and medical experiences. First, a robot can usually do things much more accurate than a man. This provides the first motivation for using CAD/CAM systems. Robots can be used successfully if the patient has been radiated (e.g., with X-radiation), thus not endangering the health of the medical team. Since ancient times, the imagination of mankind has been concerned with the idea of making cars equipped with artificial intelligence to execute operations similar to those performed by man. Technicians have been used for many years in various fields other than medical, such as the automotive industry, the underwater environment, the alien space, or the areas at risk of nuclear radiation.

Classifying Red and Healthy Eyes using Deep Learning

Eye is one of the most vital organs of human body. Despite being small in size, humans cannot see the life around them without it. Human eye is protected by a thin covering termed as conjunctiva which protects the eye from dust particles. It plays the role of lubricant in the eye which prevents any sort of friction in opening and closing of eye. Broadly there are two kinds of conjunctiva: bulbar and palpebral. The membrane covering the inner portion of eyelids is termed as palpebral conjunctiva and the one covering the outside portion of the eye is called as bulbar conjunctiva (white portion of eye).Due to the dilation of blood vessels the white portion of the eye also termed as sclera becomes red in color. This condition is also termed as hyperemia. The study of this development is vital in diagnosis of various pathologies. It could be result of some trauma, injury or other eye related diseases which needs to be identified for timely treatment. Enormous amount of studies have been done to study the structure and functionality of human eye. This paper highlights the work done so far for measuring the level of redness in the eye using various methodologies ranging from statistical ways to machine learning techniques and proposes a methodology using Matlab and Convolutional neural network to automate this evaluation process.

The Effect of STEM Curriculum Based on Islamic Perspective on 9&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;th&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Grade Talented Female Students&amp;apos; Critical Thinking in Gaza

The study aimed to uncover the effect of using a Developed Science Curriculum Based on STEM approach with Islamic Perspective on Improving Critical Thinking Skills among 9th Grade Talented female students in Gaza. To achieve the study objectives, the two researchers analyzed the content Human body organs in science course to the ninth grade in the light of critical thinking skills, as its shown that critical thinking skills which are available in the unit are conclusion, deduction, interpretation, Arguments evaluation, and hypotheses. The researchers used the quasi-experimental approach. The study used critical thinking skills test as tool. The study was conducted on 21 female 9th grade talented students in west Gaza Directorate. Results of the study showed statistically significant differences at significance level (α = 0.01) between the average scores of the critical thinking skills of the experimental group in the pre/post application of critical thinking skills test. In addition, the results showed differences in the post application in all critical thinking skills, and that the a Developed Science Curriculum Based on STEM approach with Islamic Perspective has a significant impact (ƞ² = 0.61).

Translation regulation in skin cancer from a tRNA point of view.

Protein synthesis is a central and dynamic process, frequently deregulated in cancer through aberrant activation or expression of translation initiation factors and tRNAs. The discovery of tRNA-derived fragments, a new class of abundant and, in some cases stress-induced, small Noncoding RNAs has perplexed the epigenomics landscape and highlights the emerging regulatory role of tRNAs in translation and beyond. Skin is the biggest organ in human body, which maintains homeostasis of its multilayers through regulatory networks that induce translational reprogramming, and modulate tRNA transcription, modification and fragmentation, in response to various stress signals, like UV irradiation. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of translation regulation and tRNA biology in the alarming prevalence of skin cancer.

Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Berbasis Instant Messenger Untuk Diagnosa Awal Penyakit Ginjal

In Indonesia, the number of people who dead from suffered kidney disease has increasing. It’shappens because many people has less knowledge about the early symptoms of this disease. Kidney is one of the important organ in human body, which’s it performs to filtrating excess salt, water, and acid. Information technology utilization could be a great solution for this case. Build an expert system application based on instant messenger for early diagnose check of kidney disease is expect to do the initial diagnose process to be faster and could engage more people who curious about this disease. The system method that was used in this research is forward chaining method who based on multiplatforms using Telegram instant messanger application. This application could solves the problem which is it application can displaying the diagnosis result quickly and accurately based on the symptoms that will be asked by the system. In black box testing, this application has functions that have been successful. And based on the results of usabilty scale system testing (SUS), obtained ascore of 78 which means this application can run well on Telegram Messaging.

Participating in Organ Donation: Issues Among Black South Africans

The medical transplantation of human body organs remains the only efficacious therapy for patients who are confronted with the reality of death due to the breakdown of their vital body organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, and liver. Nevertheless, their hopes of improving and prolonging their lives on earth are shattered by the consistent shortage and paucity of suitable organ donors. The scarcity of human organs is an issue of great concern in public health, both locally and internationally and the current outlook is bleak. This study seeks to explore factors that prevent black South Africans in Limpopo province from participating in organ donation. In a quest to explore factors that might impede black South Africans from participating in organ donation, a qualitative approach and explorative research design were used. Non-probability sampling was used to select 30 research participants. In-depths interviews were used to collect data and the data analysis method was a content analysis. The study was based on the theory of planned behaviour. The study established that the majority of black South Africans are not registered organ donors. A lack of awareness or educational, religious, and cultural backgrounds and myths regarding organ donation prevent black South Africans from registering and donating their organs. This study recommends further research into organ donation, and the development of a social work model to increase the awareness rate of organ donation in black communities. It calls for the evaluation of legislation that regulates organ donation and transplantation in South Africa.

Development of special fabrics protecting from electromagnetic radiation

The influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on a person is connected with the existence of electromagnetic field - a special form of matter which conducts the effect of electrically charged particles. The causes of electromagnetic field formation are defined by the fact that the occurrence of electric field changing in time is the reason of magnetic field formation and magnetic field occurrence is the cause of vortex electric fields; both fields change in time and excite each other. Electromagnetic waves formed during these processes exist irrespective of a source of their initiation. Continuous impact of electromagnetic radiation on a person negatively affects various organs of human body. EMR leads to headaches, fatigue of the organism, disorders of the body. The maximum influence of EMR occurs on “blood and eyes, the incidence of cancer and cataract increases, the number of people suffering from skin diseases increases”. An important area today is the creation of fabrics protecting from electromagnetic radiation.

Calculation of absorbed dose rate in the lungs, ribs and skin by the mammosite applicator in breast cancer brachytherapy with MCNP

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Brachytherapy is one of the ways to treat breast cancer. In brachytherapy treatments, high-dose sources are used in interstitial placement. Here, Iridium-192 is used. This source emits gamma rays with energies ranging from 136 kV to 1060 kV electron volts. The activity of the used spring is 10 Ci. The simulated source here is a cylinder with a length of 0.5 and a radius of 0.017 cm. In this paper, the modeling of a common breast cancer treatment applicator called MammoSite is done by the Monte Carlo simulation code. Then, calculate the amount of doses in the brachytherapy of the breast, target volume (tumor) and the dose rate of the organs at risk of radiation, including lungs, ribs and skin. Materials and Methods: MCNPX: The MCNPX code: is the based on the Monte Carlo method. The code, with input file information and the use of the cross-section library, solves the problem and produces results in an output file. MIRD phantom: To calculate the dose, a model of the human body is required as a phantom. All organs of the human body are characterized by a detailed description for the calculation of the absorbed dose in this phantom. Mammosite applicator: This device has a catheter that can be attached to the high dose rate afterloading machine that connect to the source. The end of catheter is surrounded by a balloon that can be filled with normal saline or water. The balloon is placed in the lumpectomy cavity where the 34Gy can reach the treatment site. The most common size of this balloon is 4-5 cm and 5-6 cm, which has a volume between 34-113 cm cubic meters. Results: The absorbed dose by the organs of the skin, ribs and target volume (tumor) is constant when the breast is treated right or left, dose rate of: target volume= 0/7, ribs=0/026, skin=0/009 Gy/min, but when the breast is treated right, the absorbed dose in: right lung=0/045, right breast=0/726, left lung=0/005, left breast=0/006 Gy/min and when the breast is treated left, the absorbed dose in: left lung=0/044, left breast=0/726, right lung=0/006, right breast=0/0068 Gy/min. Conclusion: As expected, absorbed dose in the target volume and the treated breast was the highest and after that the lung received the same significant dose. Indeed, the higher the organ absorbed dose to the target dose rate is better. When the right breast was treated, the right lungs, ribs, and skin had the highest absorbed dose to the dose received by the tumor And when the left breast was treated, the left lung, ribs and skin had the highest absorbed dose to the dose received by the target valume or tumor.

In My Element: Selenium

<i>In My Element</i>: Selenium

Cervical Cancer Detection: A Literature Survey

Cervical cancer is more common in women and worldwide it is most feared disease. Due to abnormal growth in the cervix cells, cervical cancer occurs and slowly it also spreads to the other organs of human body. Cervical cancer is caused by number reasons like human papilloma virus, using birth control pills, cigarette smoking, etc. In the initial stage, cervical cancer will not show any signs. However, if it is identified in earlier stage, it will be cured successfully. Nowadays, number of computer vision based approaches has been introduced to identify the cervical cancer disease and its stages. Still more research in this domain is ongoing towards getting high accuracy in the disease and stage prediction. In this paper, we studied a detailed literature on recognition of cervical cancer in connection with computer vision approaches.

The impact of the action of the diaphragm on the selected organs of human body

The latest reports suggest that the work of the diaphragm affects the function of not only the musculoskeletal and respiratory systems but many more organs as well. Limited research indicates a likelihood of the diaphragm's influence on the liver, gallbladder and heart. Pain radiating to the abdominal region, neck, shoulder or arm may be linked to the diaphragm through a vast fascia system that is abounding with sensory receptors. The phrenic nerve, with diaphragmatic sensory and motor fibers, begins in the same place as the sensory nerves of the neck and shoulder. Repetitive work of the diaphragm is reflected in the lymph flow. Malfunction of this muscle becomes commonplace not only in people with health issues. A sedentary lifestyle activates thoracic breathing, limiting the work of the diaphragm. Manual therapy can be an effective method of restoring the proper functioning of this muscle.

Drug utilisation pattern in dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Skin is the part of integumentary system that constitutes the largest organ of human body and thus it is exposed to injury by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The skin disorders have serious detrimental effect on quality of life of the general population. The present study was planned to define the prescription pattern in terms of rationality, drug interactions and financial burden of disease to the individual. Also, in the identification of problems related to drug use such as poly-pharmacy and drug-drug interaction.Methods: The present study was conducted in the male and female out-patient Department of Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana over a period of two months. Prescriptions of 400 patients were analyzed i.e. 200 each were taken from the male and female OPD patients. An observational and cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study.Results: Prescriptions of 400 patients were analyzed. The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.73 in male OPD and 3.59 in female OPD. The percentage of generic drugs prescribed was 84.13% in male OPD and 77.3% in female OPD, drugs prescribed by brand name was 15.82% in male OPD and 22.7% in female OPD. Antihistamines were the most commonly prescribed drugs followed by antibacterial in female OPD and antifungals in male OPD.Conclusions: Prescription of maximum drugs was by their generic name and was dispensed free of cost to the patients from the hospital pharmacy. Almost all the drugs prescribed as oral formulation were present in the NLEM, India 2011. Whereas some topical formulations prescribed are not present in the NLEM. Therefore, were prescribed by trade name. Regular educational interventions like sensitization on pharmacovigilance may further promote rational prescribing.

Oxidative Stress and the Kidney in the Space Environment.

In space, the special conditions of hypogravity and exposure to cosmic radiation have substantial differences compared to terrestrial circumstances, and a multidimensional impact on the human body and human organ functions. Cosmic radiation provokes cellular and gene damage, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a dysregulation in the oxidants–antioxidants balance, and to the inflammatory response. Other practical factors contributing to these dysregulations in space environment include increased bone resorption, impaired anabolic response, and even difficulties in detecting oxidative stress in blood and urine samples. Enhanced oxidative stress affects mitochondrial and endothelial functions, contributes to reduced natriuresis and the development of hypertension, and may play an additive role in the formation of kidney stones. Finally, the composition of urine protein excretion is significantly altered, depicting possible tubular dysfunction.

SR-B1 involvement in keratinocytes in vitro wound closure

Skin represents the most extended organ of human body, having as main function the protection of our body from outdoor stressors. Its protective ability is compromised when the skin is disrupted as a consequence of mechanical insults. For this purpose, cutaneous tissue is equipped with an efficient and fine mechanism involved in repairing the wounded area. Among the numerous players that take part in the wound healing process, SR-B1 has been recently shown to have a role in keratinocyte re-epithelialization. SR-B1 is a mediator of cholesterol uptake from HDLs, whereas it is implicated in other cellular processes such as vitamins absorption, vesicle trafficking or pathogen identification. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in SR-B1 role in skin wound closure. Our in vitro data demonstrated that SR-B1 influenced keratinocyte proliferation and migration through a downregulation of nuclear cyclin D1 levels and active MMP9 expression respectively possibly in an NF-kB-dependent mechanism. In addition, SR-B1 was also able to modulate keratinocyte morphology into a pro-migratory cytoskeleton rearrangement.The present in vitro study suggests a new role of SRB1 as a possible new key player in cutaneous wound healing mechanism.

A cross sectional study on defective vision among secondary school going children in Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

Background: Eye is one of the most vital organs of human body. Any abnormality in the eye can impair vision and make the person handicapped for life. The school children form a special group because they are most vulnerable to the effects of reduced vision and its impact on learning capability and educational potential. The objective of the study was to find out the factors affecting vision of secondary school children, to suggest preventive and remedial measures for defective vision.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. School children of Zilla Parishad secondary high school during November 2016 to December 2016 were studied. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 320 students were included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results were expressed as proportions for different study variables.Results: Out of the 320 students, majority 181 (56.56%) of study participants were girls. The highest number of students (49.38%) was between 12-13 years of age group. Prevalence of defective vision is 34%. Family history is present in 29% of the study population. 34% of children with defective vision, it was detected by their mother.Conclusions: Refractive errors are more in girls. Children and parents should be educated regarding ocular hygiene and early correction of refractive errors.

Nanomanufacturing of bioinspired surfaces

Abstract The development trend of materials is complex, intelligent and dynamic, and bioinspired materials have all these characteristics. Bioinspired materials development will affect the improvement of human body organ replacements, aircraft, rockets, and other consumer products. The ultimate goal of the field of biomimetics is to produce functional biomaterials at the nanoscale, because the structures of natural materials' surfaces are micro - and nanoscale, such as lotus leaf, rice leaf, cicada wing, butterfly wing, gecko foot, snail shell, fish scale, shark skin, and pitcher plant. Various nanomanufacturing techniques can be used to fabricate the desired nanomorphology. In this paper, an overview of the nanomanufacturing methods for fabrication of bioinspired surfaces is presented.

P089] Calculations of specific absorbed fractions in organs of human body in nuclear medicine due application of 81MKr

Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess the dose in the treatment of radiopharmaceuticals 81mKr. This radiopharmaceutical is used in treatments in nuclear medicine as an indication for cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the specific absorbed fraction (SAF) when this radiopharmaceutical is incorporated in the lungs. For this purpose, we developed a voxel phantom (thorax) and was compared to the ORNL phantom. All calculations and simulations are done using the MCNP5/X code. Purpose Nuclear medicine uses radioactive isotopes and compounds for diagnosis and therapy. The use of different isotopes depending on the procedure applied to the patient dose distribution. In order to produce the least damage to the patient in therapy and provide good results for diagnostic purposes, the isotope must have a short half-life. Methods In this paper, two types of phantom were used - ORNL mathematical phantoms and voxel phantom. In order to calculate absorbed doses and SAF, a voxel phantom of the thorax was developed. The construction of voxel phantom depends on the quality of digital images of patients obtained during CT or MRI examination. In this paper, a voxel phantom (Thorax model) was obtained using a DICOM set of 108 CT images of the female patient under approved standard protocols. Results The SAF for the selected organ is calculated by the following formula: SAF = E d E i m Where is: the E d is mean energy is deposited throughout the body, E i the primary energy emitted by the source and m is the mass organ/tissue. Calculated SAF values of both phantom models are normalized in relation to the lungs, which provide a comparison of this two models. Conclusion The obtained results of the evaluation of SAF in different organs/tissues, during the incorporation of 81mKr in the lungs, are shown during the process in the scintigraphic examination. The difference in the results obtained by the use of the voxel model and the ORNL mathematical phantom model is between 4.47% and 19.7%.