Organ Donation Process Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitudes and Intention to Donate Organs among the Public, Health Sciences Students and Health Personnel: A Scoping Review with a Systematic Review of Malaysian Studies.

Various barriers lead to a shortage of organs for transplantation in Malaysia. One drive to improve the organ donation rate operates through future healthcare practitioners and practitioner advocacy. This scoping review was carried out to establish and summarise findings about organ donation-related articles among the public, health sciences students and health personnel. A further aim was to synthesise the latest data on knowledge and attitudes towards organ donation in the Malaysian population. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Malaysian Medical Repository (MyMedR) were used for a search conducted up to May 2022. Relevant search terms included 'Organ donation' and 'Malaysia'. Journal articles related to knowledge, attitudes and intention were grouped under the general public and health science. Students and health personnel were included. Eligible studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Any disagreements were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. The 31 included articles revealed an increased level of awareness among the public regarding organ donation. The analysis identified that nonrecognition of brainstem death (38.5%), no knowledge of how to contact the Organ Transplant Coordinator (82.3%) and never approaching the families of a potential donor (63.9%) led to a lack of confidence among healthcare practitioners to promote organ donation. The shortage of organ donors is the result of the failure to identify the expected donor, obtain consent and procure the organs due to the passivity of Malaysian health professionals in promoting the organ donation process.

Importance and Relevance of the Brazilian Journal of Transplantation for Brazilian Transplantation

The Brazilian Journal of Transplantation, through its activities and commitment to high ethical and academic standards, aims to consolidate itself as a reference in the dissemination of knowledge and scientific advancement in the field of transplants, both nationally and internationally. BJT's social contribution as a reliable and peer-reviewed dissemination vehicle is undeniable. It reaches the scientific community and the population in general, demystifying the organ donation processes, highlighting the organ distribution model through the national single queue and raising awareness of the need for donation

Knowledge, attitude and perception on organ donation amongst undergraduate students, post-graduate students and senior residents at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North-eastern India: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Organ transplantation is one of the most important modalities of treatment for patients with end-stage renal diseases. The involvement of healthcare professionals is one of the key factors in increasing awareness about organ donation and transplantation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst undergraduate, post-graduate junior residents and senior resident doctors (n = 113) in a tertiary care teaching hospital using convenient sampling. We studied the knowledge, attitude and perception on organ donation Results: We observed that 94.6% of the participants had a positive attitude towards organ donation and around 83% were willing to donate their organs. However, the participants lacked adequate knowledge about the process of organ donation and the various aspects related to it. Conclusions: The medical students and young doctors had a positive attitude towards organ donation, and most of the study participants are willing to donate. However, knowledge regarding it lacked in majority of the students.

Racial disparities across multiple stages of the deceased organ donation process

Pervasive structural violence causes higher organ failure rates among Black Americans and excess Black potential deceased organ donors. Underuse of Black donors would exacerbate organ shortages that disproportionately harm Black transplant candidates. This study investigates racial differences in transit between distinct donation steps among 132 968 potential donors across 557 hospitals and 6 Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) from 2015 through 2021. Multilevel multistate modeling with patient covariates and OPO random effects shows adjusted likelihoods (95% confidence interval [CI]) of non-Black versus Black patients transitioning from OPO referral to approach: odds ratio (OR) 1.23 (95% CI 1.18, 1.27), approach to authorization: OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.56, 1.72), authorization to procurement: OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02, 1.14), and procurement to transplant: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.93, 1.04). Overall organ utilization rates for Black, Latino, White, and other OPO referrals were 5.88%, 8.17%, 6.78%, and 5.24%, respectively. Adjusting for patient covariates and hospital and OPO random effects, multilevel logistic models estimated that compared with Black patients, Latino, White, and other patients had ORs of organ utilization of 1.82 (95% CI 1.61, 2.04), 3.19 (95% CI 2.91, 3.50), and 1.25 (95% CI 1.06, 1.47), respectively. Nationwide in 2022, donor conversion disparities likely lost more than 1800 donors—70% of whom would have been Black. Achieving racial equity for transplant candidates will require reducing racial disparities in organ donation.

Analysis of the role of nursing in the organ donation process

The organ donation procedure is a matter of paramount importance within the healthcare field, given its ability to save lives and enhance the well-being of a significant number of individuals. Within this context, the discipline of nursing emerges as a crucial element throughout the various phases of the process. The aim of the research was to analyze the role of nursing in the organ donation process. This study focused on surveys randomly distributed to 20 nursing students at the Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes in Ecuador. The survey consisted of 7 questions designed to assess the students' perceptions and experiences with organ donation. The main results indicate a lack of practical experience in organ donation among the students, with a predominance in the perception of their role as coordinators and providers of emotional support. Significant challenges were identified related to the lack of resources and interprofessional coordination, as well as training and education in organ donation perceived as insufficient by a majority of the respondents. The study's conclusion suggests the need for educational and structural reform within the field of nursing and organ donation. The optimization of academic and practical training, along with the improvement of interdisciplinary collaboration and resource allocation, are presented as essential elements to strengthen the role of nursing and improve the organ donation process

Survey Paper on :"Organ Donation Using Blockchain"

Organ donation is a critical issue that requires a secure and efficient system to ensure the timely and effective transfer of organs from donors to recipients. The traditional organ donation system is centralized, which leads to several challenges such as lack of transparency, fraud, and mismanagement. To address these challenges, blockchain technology can be used to create a decentralized and secure organ donation system. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based organ donation system that enables real-time tracking of organs from donors to recipients, ensures the privacy and confidentiality of donor and recipient information, and provides a transparent and auditable system for all stakeholders involved in the process. Our system also includes smart contracts that automate the organ matching process, reduce waiting times for recipients, and minimize the risk of errors or miscommunications. Overall, our proposed blockchain-based organ donation system offers a promising solution to the challenges faced by traditional organ donation systems and has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organ donation processes

ICU team knowledge on the management of potential organ donor with brain death

Background: Advances in the area of health have been occurring in an accelerated and constant way, and the prolongation of life through organ donation, emphasizes the importance of the knowledge of health professionals on this subject. Brain dead donors are the main source of transplant organs, therefore, measures that promote early identification are essential for appropriate clinical support, Based on this context, it is known that the knowledge by the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) team regarding the pathophysiological alterations triggered by brain death (ME) and the adequate clinical management of the potential donor are associated with a greater number of transplantable organs per donor and the reduction of losses of potential donors due to cardiorespiratory arrest. Objective: Identify and describe guidelines for donor care in ME, in addition to analyzing the importance of knowledge about the management of potential organ donors by the ICU team, in the scientific publications available in online databases. Material and Methods: Data collection was carried out through a search of the online databases: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PUBMED. The articles were downloaded from the aforementioned platforms, and the Zotero was used to make the appropriate citations and references. The research will be made up of published and updated literatures that reflect the importance of knowledge about the management of the potential organ donor with brain death by the ICU team. Results and discusión: We included 17 studies that met the criteria related to the object of study. According to the results achieved, the study allowed to obtain a more detailed vision of the studies arising from the search for data, highlighting categories such as those that reflect the importance of the knowledge of the ICU team, on the proper management of a patient with brain death, which reflect positively on the process of organ and tissue donation. Conclusions: The analysis carried out shows that UC professionals have a low level of knowledge about the diagnosis and management of patients with brain death and the organ donation process, which is due, in part, to the little or no contact they have with this topic during graduation, therefore the need for the ICU team to be trained and prepared to identify physiological alterations and adequately address to the patient diagnosed with EM, in order to contribute to making organ and tissue donation viable. reducing the time and suffering of those waiting for an organ on the transplant waiting list.

A Single-center Exploration of Attitudes to Deceased Organ Donation Over Time Among Healthcare Staff in Intensive Care.

Changes to deceased organ donation in the United Kingdom, including establishment of the specialist nurse for organ donation (SNOD) role, have resulted in increased numbers of donations. Have increasing numbers of donations altered attitudes among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals (ICU staff) to organ donation over time? A written survey of ICU staff at Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust was conducted across 2 wk in 2015, 2018, and 2020 (pre-COVID-19). Participants were asked to submit descriptors (words/phrases) they associated with 3 aspects of donation: donation after brain death (DBD), donation after circulatory death (DCD), and SNOD role. Three independent and blinded assessors categorized the descriptors as positive or negative in favorability. Thematic analysis was used to identify trends within each group of descriptors. Across the 3 surveys, 281 responses were returned, containing a total of 2095 descriptors. Positive descriptors were found in 65% of DBD responses, 46% of DCD responses, and 92% of SNOD role. Over time, there was some evidence of increased polarization of opinion for DCD and to a smaller degree DBD. Attitude toward the SNOD role remained consistently highly favorable over time. Thematic analysis was correlated with the assessor favorability ratings to identify specific factors for positive or negative attitudes; this demonstrated the themes that were the most common causes of positive or negative attributions for each aspect of organ donation. ICU staff were found to be highly favorably positive toward the SNOD role, positive toward DBD, and negative toward DCD. Although we found broadly positive perceptions of the benefits of deceased organ donation, negative attitudes toward DCD centered on timescale and complexity of the donation process. Measurement of staff attitudes to organ donation may allow targeted interventions that support staff and improve patient and family care through the organ donation process.

The Frequency of Organ Donation and the Clinical Characteristics of Donors with Brain Death before and after the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rasht, Iran

Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in daily life and disrupted hospital performance and the provision of medical services, especially in the organ transplant departments. Objective This study aims to compare the frequency of organ donation and transplantation before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in the transplant centers of northern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 donors with brain death from 2018 to 2021 in Rasht. Demographic data, underlying diseases, history of smoking and drug use, causes of brain death, type of donated organ, number of donated organs per patient, type of transplanted organ, and the location of transplantation (in or out of the province) were recorded. Then, these factors were compared between two time periods: Before the pandemic (from July 2018 to February 2020) and during the pandemic (from February 2020 to August 2021). The recorded data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 21. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The mean age of donors during the pandemic was significantly higher than that of patients before the pandemic (P<0.001). The most common cause of brain death in donors before the pandemic was trauma; after the pandemic, cerebrovascular causes were more common (P=0.01). The frequency of organ donation and the mean number of donated organs per donor during the pandemic were significantly lower than before the pandemic (P<0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impact on the process of organ donation and transplantation in northern Iran.

P3.1: Quality improvement tools to manage organ donation processes: an instrumental case study.

P3.1: Quality improvement tools to manage organ donation processes: an instrumental case study.

P2.4: Quality improvement tools to manage deceased organ donation processes: a scoping review.

P2.4: Quality improvement tools to manage deceased organ donation processes: a scoping review.

122.2: Development of a multidisciplinary protocol for thoracic organ donation process.

122.2: Development of a multidisciplinary protocol for thoracic organ donation process.

Gaps and Impediments to Organ Donation in Brazil: A Literature Review

Objective: To explore the factors that hinder organ donation in Brazil. Methods: A literature review was carried out, seeking the main factors that hamper organ donation, using the following descriptors: organ referral, brain death, and intensive care. Results: 54 studies published in the last five years were found: PubMed (n=15), EMBASE (n=32), Lilacs (n=1), Mendeley (n=16) and SciELO (n=0). Family members’ refusal is the main difficulty in the organ donation process in Brazil. The systematization of organ capture and distribution and the efficiency of diagnosing brain death proved predictive factors for higher rates of family acceptance and efficiency in the process stages. Conclusion: Measures to systematize organ procurement and distribution and the health team’s training can benefit the Brazilian organ donation scenario.

Barriers to Organ Donation: A Qualitative Study of Intensive Care Nurses' Experiences.

An increasing number of patients affected by organ failure can be treated with organ transplantation. The need for organs available for transplantation is critical and patients die while on the transplant list. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are essential in facilitating organ donation through their ceaseless bedside care for potential organ donors and their families. The aim of this study was to describe the challenges faced by ICU nurses in the organ donation process. A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Semistructured individual interviews of 9 ICU nurses from 1 university hospital were performed. Data were analyzed using Malterud's systematic text condensation. Three themes describe the core of the results: (1) practical tasks, (2) challenging care for the next of kin, and (3) ethical and emotional challenges. Practical tasks represent challenges in the organ donation process that are not previously revealed. Actions to address these challenges should be prioritized to promote organ donation. Simulation-based training may optimize practical aspects of the organ donation process and implementation of simulation-based training should be assessed by future research.

Inequities in Organ Donation and Transplantation Among Immigrant Populations in Italy: A Narrative Review of Evidence, Gaps in Research and Potential Areas for Intervention.

Immigrants from outside Europe have increased over the past two decades, especially in Southern European countries including Italy. This influx coincided with an increased number of immigrants with end-stage organ diseases. In this narrative review, we reviewed evidence of the gaps between native-born and immigrant populations in the Organ Donation and Transplantation (ODT) process in Italy. Consistent with prior studies, despite the availability of a publicly funded health system with universal healthcare coverage, non-European-born individuals living in Italy are less likely to receive living donor kidney transplantation and more likely to have inferior long-term kidney graft function compared with EU-born and Eastern European-born individuals. While these patients are increasingly represented among transplant recipients (especially kidney and liver transplants), refusal rates for organ donation are higher in some ethnic groups compared with native-born and other foreign-born referents, with the potential downstream effects of prolonged waiting times and inferior transplant outcomes. In the process, we identified gaps in relevant research and biases in existing studies. Given the Italian National Transplant Center's (CNT) commitment to fighting inequities in ODT, we illustrated actions taken by CNT to tackle inequities in ODT among immigrant communities in Italy.

Teenagers, Audio-Visual Prosumers and Audience Generators in the Field of Organ Donation

ABSTRACT The creation of audio-visual content and the increase in the use of social networks by society have provided new opportunities for promoting health and the benefits of organ donation. This study analyzes the influence of audiovisual content produced by adolescents in the context of an educational program related to the promotion of organ donation with diffusion through social media. The program was implemented in the fourth year (mainly 15 and 16 year olds) in ten high schools in Spain. In the first phase, students learn about donation and create audio-visual messages about its benefits for society; in the second phase, they share this content on social networks. The influence of the content was measured using YouTube Analytics. In addition, a questionnaire was administered after the program to measure the way in which they shared the content on social networks. A total of 391 students participated in program, submitting 63 short films that obtained 104,912 views. The short films focused on appealing to society about the need for organs and the benefits of the organ donation and transplantation process. The social network that was used most frequently to share the content was WhatsApp (81.8%). Educating teenagers and turning them into prescribers of the health benefits of the organ donation and transplantation process through the use of social networks could be a good tool that can be exported to other fields of health.

Pediatric Organ Donation and Transplantation: Across the Care Continuum.

This policy statement aims to enhance comfort and increase knowledge of pediatric organ donation and transplantation to the general pediatric community, specifically focusing on the pediatric health care professional and the medical home. The pediatric health care professional will care for neonates, infants, children, and adolescents who may become donors or transplant recipients and, thus, is a crucial member of the pediatric patient's care team. Understanding donation, transplantation, and follow-up care are important to primary care engagement. Furthermore, the pediatric health care professional may play a role in shaping public policies related to the process of organ donation and access to organ transplantation.

Interventions to Improve the Quality in the Organ and Tissue Donation Process

Map Interventions is capable of supporting the multidisciplinary team that works in organ and tissue donation to disseminate quality in this process. A scoping review study that was conducted through the steps proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Fifty-six studies made up the sample. 2018 (no. 07, 12.5%) had the highest number of publications. The country that published the most was the United States (no. 16, 28.56%). The database with the most publications was the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature - CINAHL (no. 15, 26.78%). The most used interventions, which had the most significant impact on the improvement of results and quality, were the use of indicators in all stages of the organ and tissue donation process; the use of real goals that can be achieved; frequent audits, validation of instruments to track opportunities for improvement; as well as methodologies to implement quality and education among professionals who work in this process. Such interventions reveal important changes in the organ donation process, especially in the notification of potential and effective donors, as well as providing an opportunity for safety in the stages of the organ and tissue donation process. The interventions tracked suggest the implementation of a set of actions formed by the continuous use of auditing, indicators, continuing education with the team that works in the process of organ and tissue donation, combined with the management of the results obtained through the indicators, where it is generated from these data, actions that have a direct impact on the weaknesses identified.

Barriers to Deceased Donor Procurements: The Saudi Experience.

Barriers to Deceased Donor Procurements: The Saudi Experience.

Beliefs and Intention to Organ Donation in Saudi Arabia: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey.

Despite concerted and directed efforts to increase organ donation, the gap between the need for organs for transplantation and the lack of donors has been increasing globally. Studies have shown that donor rates in countries in the Middle East, such as Saudi Arabia, are particularly low despite a relatively advanced healthcare system and supportive government policies. There are multiple psychosocial, cultural, religious, and structural factors, that influence the increase in the organ donation rate, and some of them may be unique to a country such as Saudi Arabia. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is an important theory utilised to study how various types of attitudes, beliefs, and norms, influence organ donation intention and practice. In this study, we aimed to explore the normative, behavioural, and control beliefs, among residents of Saudi Arabia. The current study was a cross-sectional online survey performed from 6 June 2021 to 31 December 2021, using a questionnaire prepared in GoogleTM form among the residents of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire asked demographic factors and questions to explore the normative, behavioural, and control beliefs, regarding organ donation. This study received 1245 valid responses. Among the study participants, only 19.6% were willing to register as an Organ/Tissue donors. The intention for organ donation showed a statistically significant positive association with beliefs that organ donation is a good thing (123.51, df 4, p < 0.001), could save somebody's life (81.38, df 4, p < 0.001), could have a positive impact on life after death (114, df 4, p < 0.001), and provision of better social support to family (of the deceased) can increase organ donation (68.43, df 4, p < 0.001). Those who expressed normative beliefs that their intention to donate organs strongly depend upon their family's lack of objection to allowing the donation of organs at the time of death (190.76, df 4, p < 0.001), their knowledge about the organ transplantation process (179.35, df 4, p < 0.001), their knowledge about the viewpoint of their religion regarding organ donation (120.345, df 4, p < 0.001), and their knowledge about the registration facilities (241.64, df 4, p < 0.001), were more willing for donating their organs. Perception of worry about the likelihood of getting lesser care from doctors in an emergency if registered as an organ donor (OR = 4.25, 95% CI 1.57-11.51), beliefs that provision of better social support to family (of the deceased) can increase organ donation (OR = 10.49, 95% CI 1.56-70.43), and concern for the emotions of their family members while organ are being taken (OR = 4.37, CI 1.57-12.23), were the strongest predictors influencing a definite intention for organ donation. This study found that most of the components under normative and behavioural beliefs showed positive correlation with a definite intention for organ donation, whereas most of the components under control beliefs showed negative correlation with a definite intention for organ donation, among Saudi population. Based on the study results, there is a need to promote awareness regarding the organ donation process, especially the religious permissibility of organ donation, among general public in order to promote organ donation.