Ordos City Research Articles

Study on the Evolution Mechanism of Temporal Variability of Chloride Ions in Typical Districts of Ordos City

The study of the temporal evolution of chloride ions in groundwater is important for identifying whether their sources are due to anthropogenic pollution or natural factors. Groundwater in the northern part of Dalat Banner, Ordos City, has high chloride ion content and exhibits strong temporal variability. To identify the source of chloride ions and reveal their evolution mechanisms, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) was used to determine the trend and cycle of chloride ion evolution, and the groundwater dynamics field combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify the source of chloride ion pollution. Calculations show that the background value of chloride ions in groundwater in the study area is 195.17 mg/L, reaching a maximum of 459 mg/L under the influence of rainfall. The fluctuation of chloride ion concentration is mainly related to the total rainfall in the study area over 165 days, and a single rainfall of more than 15 mm affects the concentration of chloride ions in groundwater. The results of this study show that the background values of chloride ions are mainly influenced by the groundwater dynamical field, and the temporal volatility is mainly influenced by atmospheric rainfall.

Analysis of the Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Carbon Emission Decoupling in the Hu-Bao-O-Yu City Cluster under the “Double Carbon” Target

The Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban area is a major source of carbon emissions in China. It is also a major source of energy exports and high-end chemicals in China. Reaching peak carbon emissions early is especially important for meeting the national peak goal. For urban areas that rely on natural resources, we need to make it clearer how carbon emissions and economic growth affect each other and slowly break the strong link between the two. Therefore, in this paper, based on the data on carbon emissions, the decoupling state and the driving mechanism of carbon emissions in the Hu-Bao-O-Yu City group are researched by using the Tapio decoupling model and GDIM method. A new decoupling index model is constructed by combining GDIM and the traditional decoupling model. The main findings are as follows: (1) The Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration, Ordos City, Baotou City and Yulin City have significant growth trends in annual carbon emissions, with Yulin City being the most important carbon source for the Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration and its economic contribution to carbon emissions of the whole urban agglomeration is the most efficient. (2) The decoupling of Hu-Bao-O-Yu, Huhhot City, Baotou City, and Ordos City is dominated by expansionary negative decoupling, whereas Yulin City has strong negative decoupling. (3) The Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban cluster mainly affects the carbon intensity of fixed asset investments and output carbon intensity, which is a key part of the carbon separation process. The energy scale and structure also play a part in this process over time. (4) Changes in GDP per capita are a bigger part of changes in carbon emissions in the Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration. These changes also determine the direction for changes in carbon emissions in the Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration. In the future, the Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration needs to coordinate its economic growth. Ordos and Yulin need to speed up the optimisation and transformation of their energy structures. Baotou needs to push for the low-carbon transformation of its industries. Huhhot needs to do more research on carbon sequestration technology and spend more on environmental protection. This will make the Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration a resource-saving urban agglomeration and improve its ability to reduce emissions.

Investigation of the Coupling and Coordination Relationship of Water–Energy–Food–Ecology and the Driving Mechanism in Dalad Banner

Aiming at the complex problems of water resources, energy, food, and ecology in ten parallel tributaries directly joining the Yellow River in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (the Ten Kongduis), the coordination of the water–energy–food–ecology (WEFE) system in Dalad Banner and its townships was studied from the perspective of system coupling in time and space. First, the evaluation index system of WEFE coupling coordination is constructed, and then the coupling coordination degree model, grey relationship degree model, and geographical detector are used to quantitatively evaluate the development level and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of WEFE coordination in Dalad Banner and its townships and explore its driving mechanism. The results suggest that (1) the WEFE comprehensive evaluation index of Dalad Banner and its townships showed a slowly rising trend on the whole. The growth trends for the WEFE subsystems and integrated assessment are 0.65%, 21.02%, 17.01%, 1.17%, and 9.96%, respectively. This shows that the energy subsystem occupies the main position. (2) The coupling degree of WEFE in Dalad Banner and its townships is high; the mean value is 0.967, which is in the high-level coupling stage. But the coordination degree is low; the mean value is 0.668, which is in the elementary coordination stage. The spatial development is unbalanced and uncoordinated in Dalad Banner; this phenomenon mainly exists in the eastern part of Dalad Banner, with a gradual change from the west to the center of the area with higher harmonization. (3) The coordination of the WEFE system of Dalad Banner and its townships shows a good trend. The average coupling coordination degree in Wangaizhao town has the largest increasing trend, which is 12.69%. Fengshuiliang Town has the smallest growth trend, which is −10.37%. The region is gradually developing to the stage of well coordination, and each township has basically entered the middle-rank coordination stage. (4) In general, in the degree of system impact, the ecological impact is the largest and the grain is the weakest. In terms of spatial differences, energy has the greatest impact, while water has the least explanatory power. In terms of interaction, the interaction among water resources, grain, and ecology has the greatest explanatory power. The influence of WEFE in Dalad Banner coupling coordination changes obviously with time, and the driving mechanism and stability are relatively weak. The results of this study can provide a decision basis for the coordinated development of WEFE and the high-quality and sustainable development of Dalad Banner and its townships.

Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Ordos City Based on the General Water Allocation and Simulation Model

This study aims to achieve coordination between regional economic development and ecological environmental protection and to mitigate issues such as competition for water use among industries and significant disparities between water supply and demand. A multi-water-source, multi-user, and multi-objective optimal water resource allocation model was developed for Ordos City using general water allocation and simulation (GWAS). This model was applied to optimize water resource allocation on a monthly scale for various users across different administrative units (banners) in both short- and long-term planning periods. The results indicate that Ordos City’s allocated water volume for 2025 and 2030 is projected to be 1833.36 × 106 m3 and 1963.44 × 106 m3, respectively, with an overall water shortage rate of 5.46% and 5.67%, respectively. Water shortages are predicted in Dongsheng District, Dalad Banner, Etuoke Banner, Hangjin Banner, and Wushen Banner, primarily during the agricultural water usage period from March to November. The regional water supply structure was notably optimized, with a gradual decrease in the proportion of groundwater in the total water supply and a corresponding increase in the supply of surface water and unconventional water. These changes effectively improve local groundwater overexploitation and enhance the water supply efficiency. The research findings could offer valuable theoretical and technical support for the development and utilization of water resources, as well as for adjustments in the population–economic–industrial structure of Ordos City. Additionally, this study could provide scientific references for optimizing water resource allocation in other water-deficient cities in arid and semi-arid areas of the Yellow River Basin.

Memory of the Grassland: How to Keep Singing Mongolian Gür Songs in Today’s Ordos City, China

Ordos is a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Besides the famous Genghis Khan’s Remembrance Place as its significant feature of the past, it also features some gur songs of the Mongolian grassland. Although little known to the world, Gur songs have long served in Mongolian rulers’ circles from ancient times. Through reconstruction, revitalization, and re-textualization over three millennia, Gur songs are regarded to represent local Mongolian culture as they are deeply rooted in Hanggin (a special district of the city) of Ordos. Crises of a heritage solely built on a single inheritor are emerging: Will the cultural memory of the community decay after the demise of the ‘inheritor’? Will there be a memory gap? Does the orally transmitted ritual music preserve the cultural memory of the Mongolian community in the process? How does the century-old music tradition find its connection to Ordos, a city with an urbanization history of under 20 years? This discussion queries the reconstitution of memory through an ethnography of this Mongolian heritage example in Ordos, expecting to be a critical inspection for the persistence of the cultural memory of the community.

Surface Elevation Change Monitoring Based on ICESat-2 Satellite Altimetry Data

The ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2), launched by NASA on September 18, 2018, offers higher precision in surface elevation monitoring. This study aims to investigate the surface elevation changes over different time periods in the Delong and Bulianta open-pit mines in Wulanmuren Township, Ordos City, using ICESat-2 laser data. The study utilizes the spatial distribution information of each photon from ATL03 (terrain elevation data) and the classification information of each photon from ATL08 (vegetation canopy height and surface elevation data) to extract surface photon elevation data for different periods in the same area. The precision of ICESat-2 satellite elevation data is validated using the on-board radar data from Henan Polytechnic University's Feima unmanned aerial vehicle D2000 in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province.Results indicate that in the No.1 area of the Delong open-pit mine, the surface subsided by approximately 16.3 meters between November 14, 2019, and November 10, 2021, due to soil removal operations. In the No.2 and No.3 areas of the Bulianta open-pit mine, the surface was uplifted by 3.1 meters and 13.6 meters, respectively, between May 16, 2019, and August 13, 2020, due to backfilling after mining. Additionally, the No.4 area was uplifted by about 10.5 meters between November 14, 2019, and November 10, 2021.Furthermore, the accuracy assessment yielded the following results: R2=0.956, RMSE=0.324, and MAE=0.105 meters, indicating that ICESat-2 data can be used as scientific data for inverting surface elevation changes.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Center Pivot Irrigation Farmland in the Mu Us Region and Its Impact on the Surrounding Vegetation Growth

Accurately understanding the distribution and changing trends of Center Pivot Irrigation (CPI) farmland in the Mu Us region and exploring the impact of CPI farmland construction on sandy land vegetation growth hold significant importance for local sustainable development. By using Landsat images to extract CPI farmland information and applying buffer zone analysis to explore the impact of CPI farmland construction on the surrounding vegetation growth, the results revealed the following key findings: (1) The number and area of CPI farmland units showed a continuous growth trend from 2008 to 2022. Spatially, Etoke Front Banner was the focal point of the CPI farmland unit construction, gradually expanding outward. In terms of scale, small-scale CPI farmland units (0–0.2 km2) dominated, while large-scale CPI farmland units (>0.4 km2) were primarily distributed in Yulin City (Mu Us). (2) The growth rate of CPI farmland units in Yulin City gradually slowed down, while that in Ordos City (Mu Us) continued to exhibit a high growth trend. Affected by water-resource pressure and policies, CPI farmland units in Ordos City may continue to increase in the future, while they may stop growing or even show a downward trend in Yulin City. (3) CPI farmland mainly came from the conversion of cultivated land, but over time, more and more grassland was reclaimed as CPI farmland. The absence of cover planting after crop harvesting and the lack of shelterbelt construction may exacerbate land desertification in the region. (4) Within the typical region, CPI farmland unit construction promoted vegetation growth within the CPI units and the 500 m buffer zone but had an inhibitory effect on vegetation growth within the 500–3000 m buffer zone and no significant effect on vegetation growth within the 3000–5000 m buffer zone. (5) The decrease in groundwater reserves caused by CPI farmland unit construction was the primary reason for inhibiting the vegetation growth within the 500–3000 m buffer zone of CPI farmland units in the Mu Us region. This study can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of CPI farmland in semi-arid areas.

Characteristics of human papillomavirus prevalence and infection patterns among women aged 25–64 according to age groups and cytology results in Ordos City, China

BackgroundThe assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in terms of age and cervical lesions could contribute to the adoption of more targeted preventive approaches to specific populations against cervical cancer. The current study was conducted in Ordos City, China, with the aim of analyzing the HPV genotypes prevalence and infection patterns within a hospital-based population.MethodsThe analysis included a total of 26,692 women aged 25–64 who underwent cervical cancer screening between January 1st, 2019, and June 30th, 2022, in Ordos City. These women had valid results for both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-reverse dot blot (RDB) HPV test and the liquid-based cytology (thinprep cytologic test/TCT). Data were extracted from the database of KingMed Diagnostics laboratories. The prevalence of HPV genotypes within different age groups and cytology diagnoses were calculated.ResultsAmong 26,692 women, 7136 (26.73%) women were HPV positive, 5696 (21.34%) women were high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positive, and 2102 (7.88%) women had multiple HPV infections. The most frequently detected HPV genotypes were HPV16 (4.72%) and HPV52 (4.15%), ranking as the first and second most prevalent genotypes, respectively. The prevalence of HR-HPV increased with age groups and severity of cervical lesions. Notably, the positive rate of HR-HPV among women aged 35–64 years showed a decreasing trend over the respective years, ranging from 26.00 to 19.70% (Ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionIn conclusion, the epidemiology of HPV genotypes partly reflects the effectiveness of regional cervical cancer prevention and control efforts in the past. These findings can inform future initiatives concerning HPV vaccination and screening in the region.

Damage degradation law of mechanical properties of sandstone under different water-rich states

Safety is the primary guarantee for achieving coal mine production. The degree of water in the overlying rock of the coal seam has a significant impact on the mechanical strength of the rock, which can lead to subsidence, roof collapse, and rock burst in the mining area. Therefore, it is important to study the law of water-rich damage and deterioration of coal seam overlying rock, as well as the characteristics of bursting liability to prevent and control mining disasters. This paper aims to investigate the change in compressive strength, elastic modulus, and bursting liability of coal measure strata under different water content and their relationship with lithology, particle size, pore characteristics, and mineral characteristics. We carried out uniaxial compression tests on drilled and prepared samples of coal measure strata in the east of Ordos City. We also monitored the acoustic emission characteristics of the rock failure process under different water content. The results demonstrate that, in the dry state, the compressive strength of siltstone &amp;gt;fine sandstone &amp;gt;medium sandstone &amp;gt;coarse sandstone. As the water content increases, the rock transitions from brittle to plastic, and the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and bursting liability gradually decrease. The stress-strain curve changes from a single peak to bimodal and multimodal, and the active degree of acoustic emission events decreases, especially the low-value ringing count. Calcareous cementation, clay minerals, and chlorite exhibit strong softening properties when subjected to water, while the grain skeleton (comprising quartz, feldspar, mica) and siliceous cementation displays weak softening properties in such conditions. The most significant is the mechanical strength deterioration of siltstone containing a clay matrix. The research findings can provide reference and theoretical support for safe mining practices in coal mines.

Coupling coordination analysis of industrial mining land, landscape pattern and carbon storage in a mining city: a case study of Ordos, China

Analyzing and optimizing the spatio-temporal characteristics of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage, as well as examining their coupling and coordination relationships with industrial mining land and landscape pattern, can become a reference in the pursuit of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality for mining cities. This research takes the typical mining city of Ordos as the study target. Based on the LULC, the Multi-objective Planning (MOP) and Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model are used to predict the LULC under the natural development (Q1), ecological protection (Q2) and economic development (Q3) scenarios of 2030, and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model is used to analyze the dynamics of carbon storage, finally a coupling coordination of industrial mining land, landscape pattern and carbon storage is constructed to investigate the interrelationship between them. The results show: (1) From 2000 to 2020, carbon storage shows an inverted ‘V’ shape of rising and then falling; (2) Compared to carbon storage in 2020, the Q1 demonstrates a decrease, while the Q2 and Q3 demonstrate increases; (3) From 2000 to 2020, the coupling coordination degree decreases, and in the future, Q2 and Q3 show an increase in it relative to the Q1.

Detection and Localization of Albas Velvet Goats Based on YOLOv4.

In order to achieve goat localization to help prevent goats from wandering, we proposed an efficient target localization method based on machine vision. Albas velvet goats from a farm in Ertok Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, were the main objects of study. First, we proposed detecting the goats using a shallow convolutional neural network, ShallowSE, with the channel attention mechanism SENet, the GeLU activation function and layer normalization. Second, we designed three fully connected coordinate regression network models to predict the spatial coordinates of the goats. Finally, the target detection algorithm and the coordinate regression algorithm were combined to localize the flock. We experimentally confirmed the proposed method using our dataset. The proposed algorithm obtained a good detection accuracy and successful localization rate compared to other popular algorithms. The overall number of parameters in the target detection algorithm model was only 4.5 M. The average detection accuracy reached 95.89% and the detection time was only 8.5 ms. The average localization error of the group localization algorithm was only 0.94 m and the localization time was 0.21 s. In conclusion, the method achieved fast and accurate localization, which helped to rationalize the use of grassland resources and to promote the sustainable development of rangelands.

Vulnerability Assessment of Potato Growth to Climate Change Based on GIS in Inner Mongolia, China

Since 2016, the potato has gradually become the fourth major staple food in China, and the potato planting area and total output in Inner Mongolia rank among the top in the country. Potato is a climate dominant crop in Inner Mongolia, and it is an urgent requirement to study the impact of the potato’s climate vulnerability and effectively avoid climate risks to ensure national food security. An index system for a vulnerability assessment of potato production in Inner Mongolia was established based on GIS and AHP. Based on the definition of vulnerability and the theory of disaster risk, a comprehensive evaluation model of potato growth vulnerability was established. The results showed that the potato production in central Inner Mongolia was highly vulnerable, while the potato production in eastern and western Inner Mongolia was relatively vulnerable. Central Ulanqab, southern Hohhot, southern Baotou and southwestern Xilin Gol League were most vulnerable. The eastern part of Hulunbuir, Xingan League, Tongliao City and the southern part of Ordos City are the least vulnerable areas, while Chifeng, Bayannur and most other parts of northern Ordos City are moderately vulnerable areas. According to the different influencing factors of climate change vulnerability in major potato producing areas, different countermeasures should be taken respectively. The results can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of potato production in autonomous regions. The research results were approved by the national Potato Meteorological Service Center.

Exploring Land-Cover Types and Their Changes in the Open-Pit Mining Area of Ordos City Using Sentinel-2 Imagery

Exploring the land-cover types and their changes in open-pit mining areas is of great significance to the ecological restoration of Ordos City and its sustainable development. Therefore, in this study, the temporal features, spectral features, and the derived features from intra-annual images combined with the random forest method were used to determine the land-cover types and their changes in the open-pit mining area of Ordos City in 2019 and 2022. The results show that the land-cover types in the open-pit mining area of Ordos City are construction land, bare land, water, vegetation, and coal. The main land-cover types in the western open-pit mining area of Ordos City are different from those in the eastern open-pit mining area. The main land-cover type changes in the open-pit mining area from 2019 to 2022 are the conversion of bare land to vegetation and the conversion of coal to bare land, as well as the conversion of vegetation to bare land. This study provides the possibility of dynamic monitoring for the realization of green mine planning in Ordos City.

Research on the Development of Deserticulture and Desertification Land Use Benefits Evaluation in Ordos City

The regional economy of desertification area plays a pivotal role in the land economy. Therefore, the rational development of deserticulture is of paramount significance to the economic, social, and ecological benefits of sand areas in western China. In this paper, we constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system for the development of deserticulture and the benefits of desertification land use. The entropy method was used to calculate the weight of each index, which was then used to evaluate the level of development in Ordos City from 2010 to 2017. Additionally, we analyzed the coupling relationship between these two subsystems. The results indicate a gradual increase in the input, output, and environmental evaluation value of deserticulture development, as well as the economic, social, and ecological benefits of desertification land use from 2010 to 2017 in Ordos City. Additionally, there has been an overall improvement in the comprehensive evaluation value of both systems. The level of coupling and coordinated development between deserticulture development and desertification land use benefits has been further enhanced, with a significant increase in the degree of subsystem coordination. Initially, there was serious internal and external developmental discoordination in the system, which gradually improved to an overall state of barely coordinated.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Carbon Sink Indicators—NPP and Its Driving Analysis in Ordos City, China

Ordos City is an important energy supply city for Chinese provinces and cities, providing a secure energy supply for China while also generating corresponding environmental pollution. Examining the spatiotemporal patterns of net primary productivity (NPP) in Ordos City and its driving factors is relevant to the realization of the carbon emission policy in Inner Mongolia. This study was undertaken to analyze NPP and its driving factors in Ordos City from 2000 to 2019 using NPP data, CO2 spatial grid data, meteorological data and statistical yearbook data accordingly. The NPP in Ordos City increased significantly from 2000 to 2019, mainly showing low values of NPP in the northwest and high values in the southeast. The usable grassland area and annual mean precipitation had a significant positive correlation with NPP, whereas the other factors had a more significant negative correlation. The usable grassland area had the largest influence on NPP, and fixed asset investment had the smallest influence on NPP. The total NPP–anthropogenic factor regression model and the mean NPP–natural factor regression model constructed allow for the prediction of NPP. Anthropogenic carbon emissions, population growth and usable grassland area were the main causes of NPP changes. Planting and protecting green plants and scientific and effective energy extraction plans are measures that enhance the degree of carbon sequestration in Ordos City.

Integration of DInSAR-PS-Stacking and SBAS-PS-InSAR Methods to Monitor Mining-Related Surface Subsidence

Over-exploitation of coal mines leads to surface subsidence, surface cracks, collapses, landslides, and other geological disasters. Taking a mining area in Nalintaohai Town, Ejin Horo Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as an example, Sentinel-1A data from January 2018 to October 2019 were used as the data source in this study. Based on the high interference coherence of the permanent scatterer (PS) over a long period of time, the problem of the manual selection of ground control points (GCPs) affecting the monitoring results during refinement and re-flattening is solved. A DInSAR-PS-Stacking method combining the PS three-threshold method (the coherence coefficient threshold, amplitude dispersion index threshold, and deformation velocity interval) is proposed as a means to select ground control points for refinement and re-flattening, as well as a means to obtain time-series deformation by weighted stacking processing. A SBAS-PS-InSAR method combining the PS three-threshold method to select PS points as GCPs for refinement and re-flattening is also proposed. The surface deformation results monitored by the DInSAR-PS-Stacking and SBAS-PS-InSAR methods are analyzed and verified. The results show that the subsidence location, range, distribution, and space–time subsidence law of surface deformation results obtained by DInSAR-PS-Stacking, SBAS-PS-InSAR, and GPS methods are basically the same. The deformation results obtained by these two InSAR methods have a good correlation with the GPS monitoring results, and the MAE and RMSE are within the acceptable range. The error showed that the edge of the subsidence basin was small and that the center was large. Both methods were found to be able to effectively monitor the coal mine, but there were also shortcomings. DInSAR-PS-Stacking has a strong ability to monitor the settlement center. SBAS-PS-InSAR performed well in monitoring slow and small deformations, but its monitoring of the settlement center was insufficient. Considering the advantages of these two InSAR methods, we proposed fusing the time-series deformation results obtained using these two InSAR methods to allow for more reliable deformation results and to carry out settlement analysis. The results showed that the automatic two-threshold (deformation threshold and average coherence threshold) fusion was effective for monitoring and analysis, and the deformation monitoring results are in good agreement with the actual situation. The deformation information obtained by the comparison, and fusion of multiple methods can allow for better monitoring and analysis of the mining area surface deformation, and can also provide a scientific reference for mining subsidence control and early disaster warning.

Flax black spot caused by Alternaria alternata, a new disease afflicting leaves and the exocarps of flax in China

AbstractFlax black spot was found in Ordos City in 2022, mainly infecting leaves and the exocarps, causing leaves turn yellow and brownish with black leaf tips before drying and damage, and exocarps became brown or black with a layer of black mould which significantly affected the yield and quality. The Y3 and K1 strains from infected leaves and the exocarps were the same pathogen of flax black spot which was identified as Alternaria alternata by morphological characteristics and molecular identification. In the pathogenicity test, A. alternata caused severe black spot on leaves and brown or black exocarps with mould of flax consistent with those observed in the field. The study for pathogenic identification ascertained a new disease of flax in China which lays the foundation for subsequent studies on disease control.

Forecasting the future suitable growth areas and constructing ecological corridors for the vulnerable species Ephedra sinica in China

Ephedra sinica is a rare and vulnerable species in China, and the habitat of Ephedra sinica is seriously threatened (by climate change and human activities). Predicting the suitable growth areas and constructing ecological corridors for Ephedra sinica in China will help to protect it scientifically. Based on 306 valid distribution records and 13 selected environmental factors, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to simulate the potential current habitat zones and future (2050 and 2070) habitat zones of Ephedra sinica under four climate change scenarios. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was applied to extract important ecological corridors of Ephedra sinica. The results indicate that: (1) Under the current environment, the total area of the suitable habitat for Ephedra sinica in China is 42.24 × 105 km2, mainly distributed in Northwest China and North China. (2) Suitable area increases as the RCP rises. The center of mass of the habitat zone moved northward from Shaanxi Province to Ordos City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. (3) Of the 13 environmental factors selected, the primary factor was elevation (20.8 %), followed by wettest month precipitation (18.2 %) and temperature seasonality (15.2 %). (4) Built 19 ecological corridors, with a total corridor length of 430.2 km, including seven long-distance passages and 12 short-distance corridors. All corridors are far from the artificial surface, mostly near high-altitude areas. The 19 ecological corridors constructed using the MCR model will also provide considerable importance for the survival of Ephedra sinica on a longer time scale in the future.

Study on the Path of Sustainable Financial Development in Resource-based Regions

In recent years, China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The transformation of economic development mode, optimization of industrial structure, and transformation of growth momentum are important ways for high-quality development, and this is also true for resource-based regions. Resource-based regions have inherent advantages in development, but as mineral resources are continuously excavated and exploited, many resource-based cities are facing serious economic decline, unemployment, and environmental degradation. Therefore, the transformation of resource-based cities and the sustainable development of the ecology and economy are highly valued by the country. In particular, China is currently in a stage of high-quality development, and resource-based cities should closely follow the national development direction and explore a new path suitable for their own sustainable development. This article takes the resource-based city of Ordos as an example to conduct comprehensive analysis on its fiscal revenue and expenditure data from 2011 to 2022 and points out the problems in the process of sustainable development of fiscal in resource-based regions, mainly including inadequate regional economic momentum, unreasonable fiscal sources, unreasonable industrial structure mainly relying on resource-based industries, and high concentration of tax revenue under the "tax-sharing system" fiscal system affecting the ability of municipal level coordination. This article proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development of fiscal in resource-based regions, mainly including optimizing the business environment, promoting the integration of digital industry and physical industry, adjusting fiscal and tax policies, and developing local main tax categories.

Development and Constitutive Model of Fluid–Solid Coupling Similar Materials

The Cretaceous Zhidan group (K1zh) pore fissure-confined water aquifer in Yingpanhao Coal Mine, Ordos City, China, has loose stratum structure, high porosity, strong permeability and water conductivity. In order to explore the fluid–solid coupling similar material and its constitutive model suitable for the aquifer, a kind of fluid–solid coupling similar material with low strength, strong permeability and no disintegration in water was developed by using 5~20 mm stone as aggregate and P.O32.5 Portland cement as binder. The controllable range of uniaxial compressive strength is 0.394~0.528 MPa, and the controllable range of elastic modulus is 342.22~400.24 MPa. The stress–strain curve and elastic modulus of similar materials are analyzed. It is found that the elastic modulus of similar materials with different water–cement ratios conforms to the linear law, the elastic modulus of similar materials with the same water–cement ratio after soaking treatment and without soaking treatment also conforms to the linear law. Based on the material failure obeying the maximum principal stress criterion and Weibull distribution, combined with the elastic modulus fitting formula, a constitutive model suitable for the fluid–solid coupling similar material was established, and the parameters of the constitutive model were determined by differential method. By comparing the theoretical stress–strain curve with the experimental curve, it is found that the constitutive model can better describe and characterize the fluid–solid coupling similar materials with different water–cement ratios and before and after soaking.