Ordinary Space Research Articles

People as infrastructure politics in global north cities: Chicago’s South Side

People as infrastructure politics, a fruitful new analytic in urban political studies, has mysteriously been minimally studied in global north cities and their most punished places, America’s rust belt environments. I chronicle a flourishing people as infrastructure politics in one American rust belt city setting, Chicago’s neglected South Side. Here hundreds of subalterns participate in this resistance politics to reverse what I focus on: a commodifying blues club. Subalterns extract life-giving stuff from this space as they toil in Chicago’s and the South Side’s low-wage economies and marginalized communities. I show that this group’s political acts and practices, guided by their ordinary space’s interwovenness with taut political alliances and alternative ways to see, prove more sly and proactive than we have recognized. This slyness, first, entails an active use of a “back-path politics” as actions confront less club practices than the discursive content of practices. This slyness, second, leads with what I term resistive fragments: momentary, political charged interventions that powerfully resound across the club. The results suggest that this distinctive resistance politics is alive in America’s rust belt cities, closely mirrors realities in global south cities, and is far more complex that we had previously known.

Quantum Black Holes as Solvents

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein–Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann’s equation S=log mathcal{N}, hence represents almost all the accessible phase space of the Universe, somehow associated to objects which themselves fill out a very small fraction of ordinary three-dimensional space. Although time scales are very long, it is believed that black holes will eventually evaporate by emitting Hawking radiation, which is thermal when counted mode by mode. A pure quantum state collapsing to a black hole will hence eventually re-emerge as a state with strictly positive entropy, which constitutes the famous black hole information paradox. Expanding on a remark by Hawking we posit that BH entropy is a thermodynamic entropy, which must be distinguished from information-theoretic entropy. The paradox can then be explained by information return in Hawking radiation. The novel perspective advanced here is that if BH entropy counts the number of accessible physical states in a quantum black hole, then the paradox can be seen as an instance of the fundamental problem of statistical mechanics. We suggest a specific analogy to the increase of the entropy in a solvation process. We further show that the huge phase volume (mathcal{N}), which must be made available to the universe in a gravitational collapse, cannot originate from the entanglement between ordinary matter and/or radiation inside and outside the black hole. We argue that, instead, the quantum degrees of freedom of the gravitational field must get activated near the singularity, resulting in a final state of the ‘entangled entanglement’ form involving both matter and gravity.

Joint optimization of constrained well placement and control parameters using teaching-learning based optimization and an inter-distance algorithm

Well placement and parameter optimization (WPPO), which is a complex problem, is important in the petroleum industry. Among derivative-free methods, population-based metaheuristics global optimization algorithms have proved to be more pertinent than other methods. One should note that population based methods have drawbacks of pre-mature convergence of the algorithm which is due to poor tuning of parameters. In this study, a population-based metaheuristics global optimization method independent of parameter tuning called teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), has been utilized for WPPO. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) were added for comparison. Furthermore, three joint optimization of well location and parameters were implemented over a synthetic black-oil reservoir and maximization of the net present value (NPV) as the fitness function. First, joint optimization of well location and bottom-hope pressure (BHP) over fixed number of wells, followed by joint optimization of well type and BHP over fixed location of first scenario is investigated. Finally, number of production and injection wells, their location and BHP values were jointly optimized. In addition, a new algorithm was proposed to maintain an inter-distance constraint for any number of points in an ordinary n-dimensional space to avoid well interference problem. Based on the results, TLBO conferred considerable higher rate of convergence and within a fixed number of iterations, achieved NPV, 1–14% and 1–52% higher than the GA and PSO, respectively.

Six-dimensional time-space crystalline structures

Time crystalline structures are characterized by regularity that single-particle or many-body systems manifest in the time domain, closely resembling the spatial regularity of ordinary space crystals. Here we show that time and space crystalline structures can be combined together and even six-dimensional time-space lattices can be realized. As an example, we demonstrate that such time-space crystalline structures can reveal the six-dimensional quantum Hall effect quantified by the third Chern number.

Brownian Motion at the Speed of Light: A New Lorentz Invariant Family of Processes

We consider here a new family of processes which describe particles which only can move at the speed of light c in the ordinary 3D physical space. The velocity, which randomly changes direction, can be represented as a point on the surface of a sphere of radius c and its trajectories only may connect points of this variety. A process can be constructed both by considering jumps from one point to another (velocity changes discontinuously) and by continuous velocity trajectories on the surface. We recently proposed to follow this second strategy assuming that the velocity is described by a Wiener process (which is isotropic only in the ’rest frame’) on the surface of the sphere. Using both Ito calculus and Lorentz boost rules, we succeed here in characterizing the entire Lorentz-invariant family of processes. Moreover, we highlight and describe the short-term ballistic behavior versus the long-term diffusive behavior of the particles in the 3D physical space.

Elastic magnetic curves of ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic models

In this paper, new energy functionals are described via the variational approach method. By doing this, a new class of elastic curves is described in the three‐dimensional ordinary space. An alternative method is also investigated to compute critical points of the bending energy functionals acting on a class of magnetic curves. Then, classifications of these critical curves are presented as elastic magnetic curves of the Frenet–Serret vectors family. Moreover, the dynamics of the elastic magnetic curves of ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic models are discussed with their numerical and analytical analysis.

Digitalization of land relations and law in Ukraine: methodological and theoretical aspects.

The article examines the methodological and theoretical issues of the formation of legal support for the digitalization of land relations in Ukraine. The author points out that the digitalization of land relations causes "profound" changes in their legal regulation and determines the clarification of the basic principles of land law of Ukraine. Thus, with the adoption of the Law "On National Infrastructure of Geospatial Data" laid the beginning of the formation in the land legislation of Ukraine the principle of availability of public data on land, which symbolizes the beginning of the era of digitalization of land relations. The essence of this principle is that all information provided by law and created in the process of maintaining the relevant state registers of land and related natural and other resources (geospatial data) as a multifaceted object of land and other legal relations are available to subjects of such legal relations in real time in the official form and to the extent that such access is provided by the computer equipment and software used by such subjects. As stated in the Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018–2020, digitization is the saturation of the physical world with electronic-digital devices, tools, systems and electronic communication between them, which actually allows integrated interaction of virtual and physical, ie creates cyberphysical space. In our opinion, this definition of digitization cannot be considered as correct. Firstly, saturation of the physical world with electronic-digital devices, means, systems and the establishment of electronic-communication exchange between them is neither the essence nor the purpose of digitalization, but is only a way to implement it. After all, the saturation of the physical world with electronic-digital devices can lead to any social result – both positive and negative. Secondly, the provision of integrated interaction of virtual and physical - the creation of cyberphysical space does not indicate how such cyberphysical space differs from ordinary physical space, in which social relations arise and are regulated by law. Therefore, the concept of digitalization needs to be clarified taking into account the specifics of the legal regulation of land relations. It is proved that the legal norms regulating the digitalization of public relations are an integral part of the administrative, civil, land and other branches of law. The conclusion is substantiated that the legal infrastructure of digitalization of land relations includes legal support for: 1) collection and formation of a system of information about the land using its remote sensing; 2) formation of promptly updated land databases; 3) the formation of a system of registers, portals and other service mechanisms that guarantee and provide access to such databases and the use of information about land in land legal relations. The author proves that legal support for digitalization of land relations is their legal regulation, the basic basis of which is information about the land (data-based legal regulation), which with the help of appropriate software includes the dynamics of qualitative and quantitative state of land in the mechanism of legal regulation of land relations, transforming this dynamic in such dynamics of land legal relations at which negative and positive changes in a condition of the earths automatically cause emergence, change, specification of the rights and duties of their subjects and form preconditions for application of the legal influence provided by the legislation on those subjects whose activity or inaction caused negative consequences in the condition of the lands. Finaly analysis of the modern system of land information required to ensure the digitization of land relations, gives grounds to identify such key components of its legal infrastructure as: 1) collection and formation of a system of such information through remote sensing of land (remote sensing); 2) formation of operatively updated land databases; 3) formation of a system of registers, portals and other service mechanisms, which guarantee and provide access to such databases and the use of information about land in land relations. Each of the selected elements of the system of information use in the process of digitization of land relations has a special legal mechanism.

ДИФРАКЦИОННЫЕ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ С КОССЕЛЕВСКИМИ ФОТОНАМИ

In the paper an attempt was made to obtain some information about the characteristics of photons as separate objects with the properties of localization in ordinary coordinate space. Experiments of various complexity with Kossel photons were carried out on a multiaxial diffractometer. A diffraction spectrometer with perfect calcite crystals was used to register the photons. The bidirectional angular measurements were carried out with sufficient angular and energy resolution to detect the influence of the coherent volume of the photons on the measurement results. The measurements showed some correlations that had not been paid enough attention before. Those effects were measured separately for Kα1 and Kα2 photons to allow their comparison. Such approach corresponds to the modern quantum mechanics of the photon; that mechanics showed the possibility of existence of wave functions of photons in their usual standard sense. Data on spatial parameters Kα1 and Kα2 of Kossel photons were obtained by comparing the effects of their diffraction scattering

Relativistic Landau and oscillator levels in a symmetric gauge field in a non-commutative complex space

In this work, we obtain the exact solution for the relativistic Landau problem plus oscillator potential in a complex symmetric gauge field in a non-commutative complex space, using the algebraic techniques of creation and annihilation operators. It is shown that the relativistic Landau problem in a complex symmetric gauge field in a non-commutative complex space has a similar behavior to the Pauli equation in the presence of a symmetric gauge field in a commutative ordinary space. We derive the exact non-commutative Landau and oscillator energy levels, while the non-relativistic limit of the energy spectrum is obtained. We show that the energy is not degenerate and is split into two levels as in the Zeeman effect.

Directional magnetic and electric vortex lines and their geometries

In this study, we introduce directional Fermi–Walker transportation along with the vortex lines of nonvanishing vector fields in the ordinary three-dimensional space. Moreover, we investigate the geometric phase and angular velocity vector (Darboux vector) of vortex lines. Then, we define directional magnetic and electric vortex lines by considering the Lorentz force law and electromagnetic force equation. Finally, we prove a significant relation between directional magnetic and electric vortex lines and angular velocity vector of vortex lines.

Plastic yielding of soils based on stress Hausdorff derivative

To investigate the plastic yielding behaviour of soil, a new plasticity framework using stress Hausdorff derivative was developed in this study. Two hypotheses concerning the effect of scale transform on physical behaviours of soil were proposed, based on which the stress–strain relations in the scaled stress space were provided, and then mapped back to the ordinary stress space for describing the nonlinear strength characteristics of soil. As an alternative approach to the classic plasticity, two case studies on simulating a series of experimental results of sand and clay were made, where it was found that the proposed approach can capture the plastic yielding behaviour of soils.

Berry phase of the linearly polarized light wave along an optical fiber and its electromagnetic curves via quasi adapted frame

We review the geometric evolution of a linearly polarized light wave coupling into an optical fiber and the rotation of the polarization plane in a three dimensional ordinary space. We demonstrate that the evolution of a linearly polarized light wave is associated with the Berry phase or the geometric phase. We define other Fermi-Walker parallel transportation laws and connect them with the famous Rytov parallel transportation law for an electric field , which is considered as the direction of the state of the linearly polarized light wave in the optical fiber in the 3D space. Later, we define a special class of magnetic curves called by quasi electromagnetic curves (-curves), which are generated by the electric field along the linearly polarized monochromatic light wave propagating in the optical fiber. In this way, not only we define a special class of linearly polarized point-particles corresponding to -curves of the electromagnetic field along with the optical fiber in the 3D space, but we also calculate, both numerically and analytically, the electromagnetic force, Poynting vector, energy-exchanges rate, optical angular and linear momentum, and optical magnetic-torque experienced by the linearly polarizable point-particles along with the optical fiber in the 3D space.

Massive Spinning Relativistic Particle: Revisited under BRST and Supervariable Approaches

We discuss the continuous and infinitesimal gauge, supergauge, reparameterization, nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST), and anti-BRST symmetries and derive corresponding nilpotent charges for the one 0+1-dimensional (1D) massive model of a spinning relativistic particle. We exploit the theoretical potential and power of the BRST and supervariable approaches to derive the (anti-)BRST symmetries and coupled (but equivalent) Lagrangians for this system. In particular, we capture the off-shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity of the conserved (anti-)BRST charges within the framework of the newly proposed (anti-)chiral supervariable approach (ACSA) to BRST formalism where only the (anti-)chiral supervariables (and their suitable super expansions) are taken into account along the Grassmannian direction(s). One of the novel observations of our present investigation is the derivation of the Curci-Ferrari- (CF-) type restriction by the requirement of the absolute anticommutativity of the (anti-)BRST charges in the ordinary space. We obtain the same restriction within the framework of ACSA to BRST formalism by (i) the symmetry invariance of the coupled Lagrangians and (ii) the proof of the absolute anticommutativity of the conserved and nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges. The observation of the anticommutativity property of the (anti-)BRST charges is a novel result in view of the fact that we have taken into account only the (anti-)chiral super expansions.

The "Three Lines One Permit" policy: An integrated environmental regulation in China

Integrated environmental management has been world widely treated as a fundamental means to support sustainable development. However, linking theoretical models to local practices in an effective framework remains to be a key challenge of such management. This study aimed to address progresses on technical development and practices of the integrated environmental regulation in China. We presented a new conceptual framework of the "Three Lines One Permit" (TLOP) Policy by combining a red line for ecological conservation (RLEC), a bottom line for environmental quality (BLEQ), an upper-limit line for resource use (ULRU), and a list of environmental permits for human activities (LEP). We also described the main achievements and effectiveness by a case study in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Nearly 50% of the total territory of the YREB was designated as ecological space, including 29.4% of RLEC and 19.4% of ordinary ecological space. Over 9,800 water regulatory zones and 10,600 atmospheric regulatory zones were partitioned with environmental objectives and measures. There were over 15,000 integrated regulatory units with a multi-component list of environmental permits, in which 6,400 critical regulatory units contained all constructed urban areas, more than 280 million people, and 1,200 industrial parks. These integrated and spatially varied environmental regulatory units of TLOP will help to establish a preventive mechanism for ecological conservation, resource explorations, and emissions control. Suggestions were proposed to promote a more flexible and efficient policy toward the ecological civilization and sustainable development strategies.

Symmetries of Schrödinger's cats and a formal analogy with the Pauli exclusion principle for “jumping off cats”

We consider the dynamics of the simplest Schrödinger's cat composed by a superposition of two canonical coherent states of the Schrödinger quantum harmonic oscillator. We demonstrate that the interchange of the “alive” and “dead” constituents in the whole Schrödinger's cat wave function opens the possibility to reveal one interesting, but obviously, only formal analogy with the Pauli exclusion principle. We show analytically and computationally that the symmetric cat states will occupy the ground state of the harmonic oscillator, whereas the antisymmetric cat states, vice versa, will never occupy the ground state when these states closely approach in space each other. The antisymmetric overlapping in space and time “alive” and “dead” Schrödinger cat states simply jump onto the first excited energy level of the quantum harmonic oscillator. This effect could be considered as the formal analogy of the Pauli exclusion principle applied to the antisymmetric “jumping off” Schrödinger cats. As the name suggests, the main feature of the “jumping off” Schrödinger cat consists in the transformation of the probability distribution (both in ordinary coordinate space and in the momentum space as well) in such a way that antisymmetric “alive” and “dead” cats are found to be in the first excited energy state of the quantum harmonic oscillator. We conclude that the wave and particle-like analogies in the dynamics of the symmetric and antisymmetric Schrödinger's cat states confirm at least formally the famous Pauli statements that “a symmetric solution can never develop into an antisymmetric one, and vice versa”, and that “for particles with antisymmetric states it can, therefore, never happen that two particles find themselves in the same state”

The Haydys monopole equation

We study complexified Bogomolny monopoles using the complex linear extension of the Hodge star operator; these monopoles can be interpreted as solutions to the Bogomolny equation with a complex gauge group. Alternatively, these equations can be obtained from dimensional reduction of the Haydys instanton equations to three dimensions, thus we call them Haydys monopoles. We find that (under mild hypotheses) the smooth locus of the moduli space of finite energy Haydys monopoles on $\mathbb{R}^3$ is a K\"ahler manifold containing the ordinary Bogomolny moduli space as a minimal Lagrangian submanifold -- an $A$-brane. Moreover, using a gluing construction we construct an open neighborhood of this submanifold modeled on a neighborhood of the zero section in the tangent bundle to the Bogomolny moduli space. This is analogous to the case of Higgs bundles over a Riemann surface, where the (co)tangent bundle of holomorphic bundles canonically embeds into the Hitchin moduli space. These results contrast immensely with the case of finite energy Kapustin--Witten monopoles for which we have shown a vanishing theorem in [12].

On Boundary Value Problems for an Improperly Elliptic Equation in a Circle

The paper considers the solvability of the first, second, and third boundary value problems, as well as one problem with a directional derivative, in a bounded domain for a scalar improperly elliptic differential equation with complex coefficients. More detailed consideration is given to a model case in which the domain is a unit disk and the equation does not contain lower-order terms. For each of these problems, the classes of boundary data for which there exists a unique solution in the ordinary Sobolev space are characterized. In a typical case, such classes turned out to be the spaces of function with exponentially decreasing Fourier coefficients. These problems have been the subject of several previous publications of the authors, and, in this article, the earlier-obtained results have been collected together and are presented from a unified point of view.

Tsakhkadzor: The Space оf “Other Spaces”

The relevance and application of Foucault's concept of "heterotopy" within the framework of the sociological understanding of modern urban space is substantiated. Based on the results of applied sociological research, an attempt was made to consider the space of the resort town and the urban municipal community of Tsaghkadzor as a heterotopy or space of other spaces. This approach allows us to identify the peculiarities of the combination of incongruous elements and, consequently, life contexts in a single space, which violate the seeming continuity and order of the ordinary everyday space.

О ненаблюдаемой онтологии

Two narratives – natural science and religious, intersect in the area of ​​unobserv­able ontology – an immaterial, transcendental, but real area that paradoxically exists outside and inside ordinary physical space-time. It is assumed that mathe­matical constructs, physical laws, physical constants, quantum objects, and even biological laws can be associated with this area. It is argued that physical laws are not invented by man, but are discovered, since they contain physical con­stants measured in special experimental works. Universal constants were not invented for reasons of convenience – physics accepts them as an inevitable con­sequence of the coincidence of the results of all special measurements. Observa­tional data are presented that indicate an extremely small change in fundamental constants or even their constancy over the entire time of the existence of the Uni­verse, although this interesting problem cannot be considered finally solved. The ontology of quantum objects is considered within the framework of Seval­nikov's polyiontic paradigm, according to which two modes are distinguished – potential and actual. The potential existence of quantum objects is described by the Schrödinger wave function, and the actual one appears during the transition from the spectrum of possible states to the only observable one. It is emphasized that potential being does not belong to the classical space, but is in an unobserv­able ontology. The observed state, on the contrary, is already in ordinary space – time and can be recorded by the device. This determines the existence of a spe­cial transcendental layer of reality, along with the material, which may indicate a certain duality in the structure of the Universe. Then it should be assumed that our Universe is not a universal, but a multiverse – a set of different worlds onto­logically having a different nature. In addition, the polyiontic paradigm leads to the idea that, at the quantum level, matter can be derived from information hid­den in an unobservable ontology.

JT gravity and the ensembles of random matrix theory

We generalize the recently discovered relationship between JT gravity and double-scaled random matrix theory to the case that the boundary theory may have time-reversal symmetry and may have fermions with or without supersymmetry. The matching between variants of JT gravity and matrix ensembles depends on the assumed symmetries. Time-reversal symmetry in the boundary theory means that unorientable spacetimes must be considered in the bulk. In such a case, the partition function of JT gravity is still related to the volume of the moduli space of conformal structures, but this volume has a quantum correction and has to be computed using Reidemeister-Ray-Singer torsion. Presence of fermions in the boundary theory (and thus a symmetry $(-1)^F$) means that the bulk has a spin or pin structure. Supersymmetry in the boundary means that the bulk theory is associated to JT supergravity and is related to the volume of the moduli space of super Riemann surfaces rather than of ordinary Riemann surfaces. In all cases we match JT gravity or supergravity with an appropriate random matrix ensemble. All ten standard random matrix ensembles make an appearance -- the three Dyson ensembles and the seven Altland-Zirnbauer ensembles. To facilitate the analysis, we extend to the other ensembles techniques that are most familiar in the case of the original Wigner-Dyson ensemble of hermitian matrices. We also generalize Mirzakhani's recursion for the volumes of ordinary moduli space to the case of super Riemann surfaces.