Ordinary Diet Research Articles

Food Intake Adequacy in Children and Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Diet assessment is essential in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to study food intake in children with IBD and evaluated the relation of dietary intake with disease activity and nutritional status in these children. This cross-sectional study investigated 68 children and adolescents with IBD (57 Crohn disease, 11 ulcerative colitis). Evaluation included clinical, laboratory, and nutritional assessment including 3 days diet record. Compared with recommended daily allowance, the intake of patients with IBD was significantly poor for carbohydrates (75%, P = 0.016), calcium (49%, P < 0.05), magnesium (76%, P < 0.05), vitamin A (72%, P < 0.05), vitamin E (57%, P < 0.05), and fiber (44%, P < 0.05) and higher for protein (175%, P < 0.05), iron (112%, P < 0.05), and water-soluble vitamins (118%-189% P < 0.05). Compared with the intakes of healthy children from National Nutritional Survey, the intake of IBD group was lower for calories (78%, P = 0.012), carbohydrates (61% P < 0.05), magnesium (67% P < 0.05), vitamin C (34%, P < 0.05), and fiber (54%, P < 0.05) and high for B12 (141%, P < 0.05). Fifty subjects ate ordinary diets, 7 of 68 children were on exclusive enteral nutrition and 11 of 68 consumed regular food with different polymeric formulas supplements. Compared with children without supplements, children on exclusive enteral nutrition and nutritional supplements (18/68) had significantly better intakes of energy (1870 ± 755 vs 2267 ± 432, P < 0.05), carbohydrates (223 ± 97 vs 292 ± 99, P < 0.05), and all minerals (P < 0.05) and micronutrients (P < 0.05). Dietary intake was not different by disease status (remission or relapse). In the absence of nutritional supplements, food intake is inadequate for many nutrients in many children with IBD.

A "Light Meal" Three Hours Preoperatively Decreases the Incidence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in Dogs.

Emerging evidence from veterinary and medical clinical research shows that reducing preoperative fasting time may reduce the incidence of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) intraoperatively. In order to evaluate the effect of two different preoperative fasting times on the incidence of GER during general anesthesia, 120 dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: administration of canned food 3 h before premedication (group C3, n = 60) and administration of canned food 10 h before premedication (group C10, n = 60). The animals were premedicated with propionyl-promazine. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and maintained with halothane. A pH electrode was introduced into the esophagus, and the esophageal pH was constantly monitored. Esophageal pH of less than 4 or greater than 7.5 was taken as an indication of GER. Three of the 60 dogs of group C3 and 12 of the 60 dogs of group C10 experienced a GER episode, the difference being statistically significant (P = .025). Feeding the dog 3 h before anesthesia at a half daily rate reduces significantly the incidence of GER during anesthesia, compared to the administration of the same amount and type of food 10 h before anesthesia. The administration of a half daily dose of an ordinary canine diet may be useful in clinical practice.

Effects of supplement of corn peptides combined with aerobic exercise on lipolysis key enzymes:adipose triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase of obese rats

To investigate the effects of supplement of corn peptides plus aerobic exercise on fat loss and blood lipid profile in obese rats resulted from high fat diet and the mechanism:the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). One hundred and fifty male SD rats (4 weeks age) were randomly divided into control group (C, n=15) fed with ordinary diet and obese model group (M, n=135) fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks. Forty obese rats whose body weight increased by 20% of the mean value of con-trol group were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8):obesity control group, casein group, corn peptides group, exercise group and exercise+corn peptides group. The rats of the latter two groups completed aerobic excise for 4 weeks at speed of 15 m/min and duration of 60 min per time (6 times/week). After 4 weeks of intervention, the bloods of rats were collected and blood lipid profile plasma levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL) were detected. The perirenal fat and epididymal fat were collected and weighed, and the protein levels of ATGL in livers and LPL in adipose tissues were detected by Western blot. ①Compared with obesity control group, the body weight and the masses of perirenal fat and epididymal fat in exercise group and corn peptides+exercise group were decreased obviously, with more obvious decrease in the corn peptides+exercise group compared with the exer-cise group. No difference was found in the rats of corn peptides group and casein group. ②Compared with obesity control group, the plasma TG was decreased in exercise group, and the plasma levels of TG and TC were reduced in the rats of corn peptides+exercise group, while they remained unchanged in the rats of corn peptides group and casein group. The plasma levels of HDL and LDL had no significant difference a-mong groups. ③The protein levels of ATGL in livers and LPL in adipose tissues were significantly increased in the rats of exercise group and corn peptides+exercise group, with more obvious in the latter group. No difference was shown in the rats of corn peptides group and casein group compared with obesity control group. Significant decrease of body weight, perirenal fat and epididymal fat as well as plasma TG, TC were induced by 4-week aerobic exercise or supplement of corn peptides plus exercise, with more obvious effects induced by corn pep-tides plus exercise than exercise, while no effect was induced by corn peptides alone, which may be related to the enhancements of the protein levels of ATGL in livers and LPL in adipose tissues.

Disease and functional loading effect on the structural conformation and mechanical properties of the mandibular condyle in a transgenic rheumatoid arthritis murine model: an experimental study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and functional loading through diet modification on the structural conformation and the mechanical properties of the mandibular condyle in a transgenic mouse model and compare to healthy littermates. Four-week-old hybrid male mice from mixed background CBAxC57BL/6 were used. Four groups of animals were formed consisting of five animals each, either presenting RA (transgenic line hTNF 197), or wild-type (control), half receiving ordinary (hard) diet and half receiving soft diet within each category. Following sacrifice, resin-embedded and metallographically polished condylar specimens were evaluated employing scanning electron microscopy/ Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and also tested for mechanical properties, through Vickers microhardness (HV100) measurements. The multivariable analysis revealed significantly lower HV100 values for the RA groups after adjusting for diet (β = -10; 95% confidence interval: -16, -4; P = 0.001), while functional loading through diet modification did not appear as a significant predictor of the outcome. There was evidence of compromised mechanical properties of the mandibular condylar bone for the diseased animals, whereas no association between functional loading and mechanical properties of the condyle could be established.

Association of curry consumption with blood lipids and glucose levels.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESCurcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, is highly consumed in South Asia. However, curry that contains turmeric as its main spice might be the major source of curcumin in most other countries. Although curcumin consumption is not as high in these countries as South Asia, the regular consumption of curcumin may provide a significant health-beneficial effect. This study evaluated whether the moderate consumption of curry can affect blood glucose and lipid levels that become dysregulated with age.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis study used data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2012 to 2013, to assess curry consumption frequency as well as blood glucose and blood lipid levels. The levels of blood glucose and lipids were subdivided by age, sex, and body mass index, and compared according to the curry consumption level. The estimates in each subgroup were further adjusted for potential confounding factors, including the diagnosis of diseases, physical activity, and smoking.RESULTSAfter adjusting for the above confounding factors, the blood glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the moderate curry consumption group compared to the low curry consumption group, both in older (> 45) male and younger (30 to 44) female overweight individuals who have high blood glucose and triglyceride levels.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that curcumin consumption, in an ordinary diet, can have health-beneficial effects, including being helpful in maintaining blood glucose and triglyceride levels that become dysregulated with age. The results should be further confirmed in future studies.

Implementation of Ketogenic Diet Therapy in Refractory Epilepsies

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) has been used in treatment of epilepsy in mainland China since 2004. Clinical indications of KD include: Glucose Transporter Type 1 (GLUT-1) deficiency, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PDHD, myoclonus-astatic epilepsy (Doose syndrome), tuberous sclerosis complicated with or without epilepsy, Rett syndrome, Dravet syndrome, infantile spasms, and Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Lafora disease, and super-refractory status epilepticus. The contraindications of KD include: Inborn error of lipid metabolism, porphyria, and patients who are unable to cooperate with the KD. There should be standardized clinical consultation and evaluation before starting KD treatment; and special attention should be paid to selection and preparation of food, and to indication of age and geographic area etc. During the KD treatment, the transition time from ordinary diet to KD often takes 1-2 weeks; and a final 2: 1-4: 1 ketogenic diet ratio will normally produce ketosis of clinical therapeutic effect. The KD could be combined with anticonvulsant treatment. A qualified ketogenic diet therapy means: (1) Proper nutrition and growth with normal nutrition biomarkers; (2) Tasty foods: patients are willing to accept the therapeutic diet; (3) Ideal state of ketosis: urine ketone remains above (+++), blood ketone at about 4.0 mmol/L, blood sugar is controlled at 4.0 mmol/L, ratio of blood sugar/blood ketone is about 1: 1-2: 1; (4) Reasonable balanced food composition, defecate daily and naturally without constipation; (5) No remarkable complication(s). It is recommended that KD could be tried at least for three months continuously. Good responders should maintain the KD therapy for 2 yrs. or so. It often needs to take 3-6 months to return back to a regular diet. KD therapy should be monitored with close follow-ups and assessments. Our extensive experience has confirmed that it is safe in clinical practice.

The effect of rheumatoid arthritis and functional loading on the structure of the mandibular condyle in a transgenic mouse model: An FTIR study

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis and functional loading through diet modification on the biochemical properties of the mandibular condyle in a transgenic mouse model and compare with healthy littermates. DesignTwenty three, 4-week old hybrid male mice were used. Eleven were of transgenic line hTNF 197 (Tg 197 – with rheumatoid arthritis – RA) and 12 healthy littermates, both from mixed background CBAxC57BL/6. Four groups of mice were formed. Group 1 [n =5, RA-hard] included transgenic mice and received ordinary (hard) diet; group 2 [n=6, RA-soft] included transgenic line and received soft diet; group 3 [n=6, control-hard] were healthy littermates receiving ordinary (hard) diet and group 4 [n=6, control-soft] were healthy littermates with soft diet. Experimental period was 28 days. Following sacrifice, the mandibular condyles were subjected to micro-attenuated reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-ATR FTIR) to reveal collagen/proteoglycan conformation of the condylar cartilage, while resin-embedded and metallographically polished specimens were evaluated through reflection FTIR microscopy to identify mineralization status of the corresponding condylar bone. ResultsThe multivariable analysis revealed significantly lower a-helix to amide I percentage area ratio for the transgenic animals after adjusting for diet (β=−4.29, 95% CIs: −8.52, −0.06; p=0.04). Mineral phase indices did not differ significantly between RA and control groups regardless the type of diet. ConclusionsInternal derangement of the anatomical structure with denaturation in the collagen structural components of the mandibular condyles of the RA animals was found, while no association with functional loading through diet modification was recorded.

Effect of physical consistency of food on the biomechanical behaviour of the mandible in the growing rat.

This study investigated the effect of a soft diet, given to growing rats, on the biomechanical behaviour of the mandible. Female rats, 30d of age, received an ordinary diet in the form of pellets (i.e. hard-diet group), and another group of female rats received the same diet, but ground and mixed with water, forming a paste (i.e. soft-diet group). The experiment lasted 8wk. Body-weight and body-length gains were not affected by the consistency of the diet. No significant differences were found between groups concerning the length, height, and area of the right hemimandible. Mechanical properties of the right hemimandibles were determined using a three-point bending test, in which bones were stressed on a perpendicular line immediately posterior to the posterior face of the third molar. Structural properties (load at yielding, load at fracture, structural stiffness, and elastic energy absorption) and geometric properties of the fracture section (cross-sectional area, cortical area, and moment of inertia) were significantly lower in hemimandibles of rats of the soft-diet group than in those of rats of the hard-diet group. Material properties of the mandibular bone tissue (elastic modulus and maximal elastic stress), which were estimated through appropriate equations, did not differ between groups. It was concluded that the reduced physical consistency of the diet, possibly associated with a reduced masticatory load, diminished the skeletal load-bearing capacity of the mandible in growing rats. This observed reduction in the bone structural behaviour was attributed to changes occurring at the level of bone mass and its geometrical properties because intrinsic properties of the bone material tissue were unaffected.

Effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on myocardial apoptosis and relevant protein expressions in miniature swine phlegm and blood stasis type coronary heart disease model

There have been very few studies on the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in inhibiting apoptosis in myocardial ischemial injury caused by coronary heart disease. In this experiment, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with-Xuefu Zhuyu decoction were used to intervene the miniature swine phlegm and blood stasis type coronary heart disease model, in order to observe the effect of the combined prescription on the myocardial apoptosis and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 in the model. Totally 15 Chinese experimental miniature swine were adopted and randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group. The model group and the stasis-treating group were fed with high fat diets for two weeks, intervened with the coronary artery injury and then given drugs and high fat diets for eight weeks. The control group was fed with ordinary diets for 10 weeks, without the coronary artery injury. After the experiment, myocardia at the juncture of infracted areas were collected and made into formalin-fixed paraffin sections. The TDT-mediate dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the myocardial apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was applied to detect Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 levels in myocardial tissues. According to the findings, the apoptosis indexes (AI) for the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group were 0.92%, 27.68%, 17.28%, respectively. The AI of the phlegm and stasis-treating group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the phlegm and stasis-treating group showed significantly higher Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.01) and lower Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein expressions (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction have a significant protective effect against the myocardial apoptosis in miniature swine phlegm and blood stasis type coronary heart disease model.

Effect of nicotinic acid on expression of osteopontin in rabbit of knee osteoarthritis

Objective To investigate effect of nicotinic acid on expression of osteopontin in rabbit of knee osteoarthritis by detect the expression of osteopontin(OPN)in the rabbit's synovial fluid and endochondral bone. Methods New Zealand Rabbits were made into knee osteoarthritis by improvement Hulth, 12 of treatment group were supplemented with niacin by using stomach tube [200 mg/(kg·d)], 12 of the control group were supplemented with ordinary diet. Endochondral bone were taken out before and after the experiment,and detect the content of OPN by immunocytochemistry. Results Compared with the control group[(2 390.29±291.31) ng/L], the expression of OPN of niacin group[(2 140.19±211.19) ng/L] decrease obviously, there were statistical differences between the control group and the niacin group(P< 0.05). Conclusion Nicotinic acid can helps repair osteoarthritis by effectively lowered the content of OPN. Key words: Nicotinic acid; Osteoarthritis; Osteopontin

다중지능이론에 기초한 학습지도안이 일부 초등학생의 영양교육에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nutrition education on elementary school students based on the theory of multiplex intelligence. Of the 56 elementary school students that participated in this survey, 37 (66.0%) had no siblings. The number of students whose mothers had jobs and those whose mothers did not work were 37 (67.9%) and 18 (32.1%), respectively. Food consumption with ordinary diets was normal in 23 students (41.1%) and the average frequency of snack intake and eating-out was determined to be twice a day (41 students, 73.2%) and once or twice per week (36 students, 64.3%), respectively. The most popular type of food consumed when eating-out was `fast foods` in 28 students (50.0%). It was determined that on average, 39 students (69.6%) snacked between lunch and dinner time and 31 (55.4%) selected snacks based on information obtained through `mass media`. Analysis of the effects of nutrition education revealed an increase in the number of correct answers to the question `foods with high nutritional value are high calorie foods,` with significant difference, but not in other questionnaires. In addition, the correct information for calcium (p

The treatment combination of vitamins E and C and astaxanthin prevents high-fat diet induced memory deficits in rats

Cognitive function is impaired by imbalanced diet consumption. High-fat diet (HFD) induces oxidative stress and metabolic disorders, which results in neuronal damage and interferes with synaptic transmission and neurogenesis; hence, a decline in learning and memory. Antioxidants are believed to have positive effects on cognitive function. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between the chronic consumption of a HFD and antioxidants on passive avoidance learning (PAL) in male rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into the following five groups (N=6–8): Control group—consumed an ordinary diet; HFD group—received high-fat diets only; ANO group—received HFD plus antioxidants (vitamins C and E and astaxanthin (ASX)); RHFD group—received the restricted HFD (30% less than the HFD group); and RANO group—received restricted HFD plus antioxidants (30% less than the ANO group). Following 6months of controlled dietary condition as mentioned above, in each experimental group, the PAL was assessed using shuttle box apparatus. Our results showed that HFD caused a decrease in step through latency in the retention test (STLr) and increased the time spent in the dark compartment in the retention test (TDC) when compared to the control group. Antioxidant supplementation caused an increase in STLr and decrease in TDC when compared to the control group. Furthermore, RHFD and RANO had no significant effect on STLr and TDC compared with the control group. According to our results, HFD impairs PAL and the combination of vitamins C and E and astaxanthin improves PAL deficits in the HFD group.

Role of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) blockade on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus region of hippocampus in rats fed with high-fat diet.

In the hippocampus, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are involved in various forms of synaptic plasticity. High-fat diets (HFDs) adversely influence hippocampal structure and function and induce changes in hippocampal glutamate metabolism and neurotransmission. Here, we studied the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) while blocking group II mGluR2/3. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: a control group that consumed an ordinary diet; a HFD group that ate a HFD; "HFD plus LY341495" ate a HFD and later received a selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; and "Control plus LY341495" group. After 6 months on the specified diet, the rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazin, and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus for surgery, electrode implantation, and field potential recording. We microinjected LY341495 solution unilaterally into the dentate gyrus (DG) to block mGluR2/3. The population spike (PS) amplitude and slope of excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP) were measured in the DG area in response to stimulation applied to the perforant pathway (400 Hz tetanization). We found that, after tentanizing the perforant pathway to induce LTP, HFD decreased PS amplitude and slope of EPSP compared to controls. Moreover, blocking group II mGluRs increased LTP not only in controls, but also in rats fed on HFD. Therefore, our results show that LY341495 rescues hippocampal synaptic plasticity that can be impaired by a HFD. In summary, these results indicate that mGluR2/3 inhibition may have stimulatory effects on LTP induction in the DG.

Antidiabetic effect of Pistacia atlantica and Amygdalus scoparia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health concern worldwide. Many traditional treatments have been recommended in the alternative system of medicine for treatment of DM. Pistacia atlantica and Amygdalus scoparia have a long history as a medicinal plant since the ancient times. The present study evaluated the differential effects of N-hexane extraction of these plants on the blood glucose concentration and the pathology of the pancreas in diabetic mice. DM was induced in 40 out of 50 adult female mice, using intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW streptozotocin. The diabetic mice were assigned into four groups, three of which were treated with extract of garlic and P. atlantica, A. scoparia, and glibenclamide (200 mg/kg) for 15 days and the mice of the fourth group, as the untreated group, received ordinary diet. Ten nondiabetic mice remained as the normal control group. The results of this study indicate that these plants were able to reduce blood glucose significantly compared with the control diabetic group (P < 0.05). The P. atlantica extract was found to be more effective than A. scoparia extract. Histopathologically, streptozotocin (STZ) resulted in severe necrotic changes in the pancreatic islets, especially in the central area of the islets. Tissue sections of the pancreas in the treated mice demonstrated improved regeneration of B cells and increased size of pancreatic islets. The present study indicated a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect of P. atlantica, A. scoparia, and supported their traditional usage in the treatment of DM.

Pediatric chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare, serious, and intractable disease: A report of a nationwide survey in Japan

Background/PurposeA nationwide survey was conducted to identify the clinical presentation of pediatric chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) in Japan. MethodsData were collected via a questionnaire, ensuring patient anonymity, from facilities that treat pediatric gastrointestinal diseases in Japan. ResultsNinety-two responses were collected from forty-seven facilities. Sixty-two patients (28 males, 34 females) met formal diagnostic criteria for CIPO. The estimated pediatric prevalence was 3.7 in 1 million individuals. More than half the children (56.5%) developed CIPO in the neonatal period. Full-thickness intestinal specimens were available for histopathology assessment in forty-five patients (72.6%). Forty-one (91.1%) had no pathological abnormalities and were considered to be idiopathic. Patients were treated according to the local protocol of each facility. Forty-one patients (66.1%) had restricted oral intake of ordinary diets, and twenty-nine (46.8%) depended on parenteral nutrition. No therapeutic intervention, including medication and surgery, successfully improved oral food intake or obstructive symptoms. Only three patients (4.8%) died from enteritis or sepsis. ConclusionsIn Japan, pediatric CIPO is a rare, serious, and intractable disease. The prognosis with respect to survival is good, but unsatisfactory because of the need for prolonged parenteral nutrition and associated potential for restricted quality of life.

The effects of ecstasy on liver function tests, blood glucose, and lipids profile of male rats.

Background:Ecstasy is used to improve mood and cordiality; however, based on some reports, it is neurotoxic to human users.Objectives:Because of the euphoria induced by MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) on the users, its consumption is increasing in almost all countries. This study was carried out to determine the effects of ecstasy administration in rats’ blood sugar, lipids profile, and liver function tests.Materials and Methods:The experiment was performed using 50 mature Wistar-Albino male rats. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 10). Sham control group (A), received tap water and ordinary rodent diet. The control (B) was administered saline but tests group C, D1, and D2 received single dose and multiple doses of MDMA, respectively. After experimental period, animals were deeply anesthetized by diethyl ether, sacrificed and the blood samples were collected for the evaluation of blood glucose, serum lipid and aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P). Data were expressed as mean ± SD and statistical difference was considered significant at P < 0.05.Results:In C group, the values of blood sugar (193.8 ± 11.6 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (19.2 ± 7.9 mg/dL), and cholesterol (76.1 ± 10.6 mg/dL), were significantly increased compared with those of control A and B (135 ± 12.7), (140 ± 18.8), and (45.4 ± 9.8), (49.8 ± 2.1) (49.4 ± 10.6) groups. However, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were significantly increased in groups D1 (145.8 ± 14.7 U/L), (91.1 ± 8.1 U/L), and D2 (159.4 ± 13.8 U/L) and (75.4 ± 7.8) compared with those of group A (107.2 ± 8.1), (45.4 ± 9.8), B (79.8 ± 12.1), (49.8 ± 2.1), and C (115.6 ± 17.5), (52.1 ± 7.6 U/L). Cholesterol and LDL increased in groups C and D compared with group A.Conclusions:These results indicated that chronic administration of MDMA affects liver as well as lipoprotein profile in male rats. The exact mechanism of action needs further investigation.

Selenium deficiency in children and adolescents nourished by parenteral nutrition and/or selenium-deficient enteral formula

The authors analyzed serum selenium levels of 95 children and adolescents with intestinal dysfunction and/or neurological disabilities [age range: 7 months–20 years; mean±standard deviation (SD): 8.0±5.3 years] who received parenteral nutrition (PN) and/or enteral nutrition (EN) with either reduced or no selenium doses for more than 3 months. Twenty-eight patients (29%) showed serum selenium levels below 4.0μg/dL. Five patients whose serum selenium levels were below 2μg/dL presented various clinical manifestations, including hair browning (n=5), macrocythemia (n=4), nail whitening (n=3) and cardiac dysfunction (n=1). None of these 5 patients were nourished through ordinary diets. Three of these patients were nourished through selenium-free enteral nutritional products, 1 through selenium-deficient PN and 1 through PN and a formula with reduced selenium. After selenium supplement therapy for 1 year, all 5 patients exhibited improvement in their serum selenium levels and clinical features of selenium deficiency. It is important to be cautious about secondary selenium deficiency in children and adolescents nourished only through EN/PN without an adequate dose of selenium.

801P - Igf-1 Related Pathways and High-Fat Diet Promotion of Tramp Mouse Prostate Cancer Progression

ABSTRACT Aim: We aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet on PCa development and progression by comparing tumor incidence and mortality among TRAMP mice fed with high-fat diet or not, and to investigate the role of IGF-1 related pathway in high-fat diet promotion of TRAMP mouse Pca progression. Methods: TRAMP mice were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group - high-fat diet group (n = 42), and the control group - ordinary diet group (n = 42). High-fat diet group TRAMP mice were fed with high-fat forage to induce obesity and insulin resistance. TRAMP mice of both groups were sacrificed and sampled on the 20th, 24th and 28th week respectively. Fasting blood glucose was measured when blood was taken. Serum levels of insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 were tested by ELISA. Prostate tissue of TRAMP mice was used for both HE staining and immunohistochemical staining of IGF-1 related pathway proteins, including IGF-1Ra, IGF -1Rb, IGF binding proteins and Akt. Results: A total of 13 cases of death were observed in the study, including 3 TRAMP mice (7.14%) from the normal diet group, and 10 TRAMP mice (23.81%) from the high-fat diet group. The mortality of TRAMP mice from high-fat diet group was significantly higher than normal diet group (P = 0.035). When TRAMP mice were sacrificed at 20th week, there were 11 TRAMP mice (78.57%) from high-fat diet group had typical PCa, while there were only 5 TRAMP mice (35.71%) from ordinary diet group had typical PCa. The tumor incidence at 20th week of TRAMP mice from high-fat diet group was significantly higher than normal diet group (P = 0.022). Serum IGF-1 level of high-fat diet TRAMP mice was significantly higher than that of normal diet TRAMP mice. The difference was even significant at 28th week with P value of 0.011. In addition, serum IGF-1 level tended to increase with high-fat diet TRAMP mice's age. Immunohistochemical staining of TRAMP mice prostate showed that high-fat diet TRAMP mice had higher positive staining rate of IGF-1Ra, IGF-1Rb, IGFBP3 and Akt than normal diet TRAMP mice. Though other IGF binding proteins were also expressed in TRAMP mice prostate, there was no significant difference of positive staining rate between the two groups. Conclusions: High-fat diet can promote PCa development and progression. IGF-1 related pathway played an important role in high-fat diet promotion of TRAMP mouse Pca development and progression. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Two Cases of Mandibular Fractures in Child Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with a Titanium plate

In the treatment of mandibular fracture in child, avoiding any damage to uneruptal tooth bud, and growth and development of mandible bone are considered exceptionally.Therefore, reduction and fixation by splint and circumferential wiring is performed generally. However, in the case of displaced fracture, open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF) should be applied. On the other hand, the case of condylar fracture needs the jaw opening exercise early to prevent mandibular ankylosis. For that reason, in the case of condylar and mandibular body fracture, it is important to perform ORIF of mandibular body fracture as soon as possible. We report two cases of mandibular fracture (midline and bilateral condyle) in 3 years-old and 10 months boy and 1 years-old and 9 months girl. We planed the operation in reference to CT scans to avoid uneruptal tooth bud and ORIF of midline fracture with a titanium plate was performed. The titanium plate was removed after 6 month, for preventing growth and development of mandible bone. Postoperative causes have been uneventful. e-228 Case 1: 3 years-old and 10 months boy fell from a height of 2 meters. ORIF of midline fracture with a titanium plate was performed on December 3rd, 201X. Case2: 1 years-old and 9 months girl fell from bicycle driving by her mother. ORIF of midline fracture with a titanium plate was performed on September 29th, 201X. As they did not need intermaxillary fixation, they could open the mouth and take ordinary diet at early stage of the post operation. Conclusions: In the treatment of mandibular fracture in child, we made a plan of the plating position and the size of screw in reference to CT scans, and ORIF of mandibular fracture with a titanium plate was performed safety.

The characterization of obese polycystic ovary syndrome rat model suitable for exercise intervention.

ObjectiveTo develop a new polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model suitable for exercise intervention.MethodThirty six rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: PCOS rats with high-fat diet (PF, n = 24), PCOS rats with ordinary diet (PO, n = 6), and control rats with ordinary diet (CO, n = 6). Two kinds of PCOS rat model were made by adjustment diet structure and testosterone injection for 28 days. After a successful animal model, PF model rats were randomly assigned to three groups: exercise with a continuation of high-fat diet (PF-EF, n = 6), sedentary with a continuation of high-fat diet (PF-SF, n = 6), exercise with an ordinary diet (PF-EO, n = 6). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FINS), estrogen (E2), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) in serum were determined by RIA, and ovarian morphology was evaluated by Image-Pro plus 6.0.ResultsBody weight, Lee index, FINS increased significantly in PF rat model. Serum levels of E2 and T were significantly higher in PF and PO than in CO. Ovary organ index and ovarian areas were significant lower in PF than in CO. After intervention for 2 weeks, the levels of 1 h postprandial blood glucose (PBG1), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (PBG2), FINS and the serum levels of T decreased significantly in PF-EF rats and PF-EO rats. The ratio of FBG/FINS was significant higher in PF-EO rats than in PF-SF rats. Ovarian morphology showed that the numbers of preantral follicles and atretic follicles decreased significantly, and the numbers of antral follicles and corpora lutea increased significantly in the rats of PF-EF and PF-EO.ConclusionBy combination of high-fat diet and testosterone injection, the obese PCOS rat model is conformable with the lifestyle habits of fatty foods and insufficient exercise, and has metabolic and reproductive characteristics of human PCOS. This model can be applied to study exercise intervention.