Ordinary Day Research Articles

The Effect of Exam Stress on Age Dynamics of Vegetative Indicators of Choleric Students

The aim was to find out the effect of the higher nervous activity on the post-exam autonomic nervous system indicators during the emotional stress of the exam process in students with a choleric temperament type of the age limit of 17 (1st year). Physiological indicators of different states of excitement and temperament type were first studied in the experiment. In order to comprehensively assess the effect of emotional stress on students of different ages and courses, we measured arterial pressure and the number of heart beats per minute, which are the main hemodynamic indicators. The research was conducted 2 months before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam. Before starting the research, the temperament types of the young people were studied after the nervous examination. The situational anxiety of young people with different temperament types was determined by post-test scores in three different situations: on regular days, before the exam and after the exam. The results of the conducted research show that there are differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system in students of different ages. The analysis of the results of the hemodynamic changes that we obtained from the effect of exam stress on groups also shows that the autonomic index of the credo is in a state of dominance of the sympathetic tone on an ordinary day and before the exam. The characteristics of the autonomic nervous system after the exam have a direct effect on the adaptation of a person. An increase in the level of the agitation process caused by one or another influence of ASF temperament types indicates the exacerbation of the credo's vegetative index in all groups. An increase in the level of excitement correlates with an increase in the activity indicators of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Multimodal surveillance of Care-related infections by Alert microorganisms in Ospedali Riuniti di Vittoria e Comiso ASP Ragusa

Background: monitoring the incidence and surveillance of alert microorganism infections detected in inpatients of the Ospedali Riuniti di Vittoria and Comiso in 2023. Objectives: early identification and implementation of shared pathways aimed at prevention and control of care-related infections. the spread of colonization and infections; promotion and implementation of effective risk assessment programs. Methods: a multicenter study was conducted on 79 patients with infections with Alert microorganisms, in ordinary hospitalization, day service, and day hospital, of the "R. Guzzardi" hospitals of Vittoria and "R. Margherita" of Comiso. Sample stratification was performed according to gender, females 51.9% and males 48%, and the four age groups: 18-40 (4.8%), 41-60 (9.5%), 61-80 (45.2%), >80 (40.5%), x̄ 51.90. The calculated mortality rate was n.16 (20.25%). The types, number and frequency of use of invasive devices were described (n.68, 86%, including 64.5% urinary bladder catheter). Results: the operating unit in which there is significant positivity to Alert infections is the UOC of Internal Medicine (40.5%), followed by RSA (16.46%) and ICU (8.86%), table1. The most representative Alert is Acinetobacter baumannii (24.05%), other microorganisms isolated are Klebsiella P. (22.78%), Escherichia c. (21.52%), and Staphylococcus A. (18.99%). In addition, a significant correlation between microorganisms and sample type is confirmed (p=0.019). Inpatient days are proportional to the care complexity index (p=0.0021). In addition, there is no correlation between inpatient days and microorganism type. Conclusions: the reduction of inpatient time and the move toward territorial continuity of care will promote the community spread of selected antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the hospital. Surveillance measures include early identification of patients positive to Alerts, active follow-up of colonized patients, isolation of colonized/infected patients, and adoption of contact precautions in the management of such patients.

“This School is Part and Parcel of Myself”: Workplace Attachment Promotes Positive Affect Among Teachers through Work Engagement

The current paper examines the relationship between teachers’ attachment to their institution and positive affect, through work engagement. In addition, the hypothesized path model considers two predictors of workplace attachment, namely teaching experience in the current institution and the frequency of communication with colleagues in an ordinary working day. Data were gathered from 289 primary school teachers employed in Turkish public schools through convenience sampling. A structural equation modelling method was applied for testing the hypothesized path model. Findings demonstrated teachers who frequently communicated with their colleagues had a high workplace attachment. Furthermore, primary school teachers who had a stronger attachment to their institution more engaged to their work, which in turn leads to higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect. Although previous literature emphasized the importance of the workplace on employee well-being and work engagement, previous work on teachers’ attachment to their institutions and its consequences is limited. With these findings, the current paper made important theoretical and practical contributions (e.g., examining the predictors and well-being outcomes of emotional and cognitive bonding to work environments in a non-WEIRD sample) considering attachment to work environments is a less-studied topic in the place attachment literature as compared to other contexts (e.g., neighborhoods, cities).

Миры и смыслы Александра Асмолова (беседа с ученым)

<p>A transcript of a conversation with A.G. Asmolov in the program "Learning to Live", which was recorded 2 years ago, but was released recently, on the eve of his anniversary, on the YouTube channel "Enlighteners" (link to the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW1pP2c99oM&t=1373s). The conversation is conducted by the editor-in-chief of the TV channel "Enlighteners" and the electronic newspaper "Vesti Obrazovaniya" T.N. Voloshko, a graduate of the MGPPU master's degree and a candidate for the UNESCO chair "Cultural and Historical Psychology of Childhood of MGPPU". And the interview tells about childhood, youth and the first steps in psychology, describes his most ordinary day, recalls a meeting with his teacher Alexey Nikolaevich Leontiev and other teachers, invites him to the worlds of psychology, art, literature and human relations.</p>

Pediatric kidney transplantation: is it safe to perform during night-time or day-off?

PurposeTo investigate the impact of after-hours surgery on the outcomes of pediatric kidney transplantation (KT).MethodsMedical records of pediatric KTs performed at a single institution between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The population was split into three groups according to the incision time and calendar: ordinary day (8.00 AM – 6.30 PM), day-off, and night-time (6.30 PM – 8.00 AM). The following endpoints were compared: ischemia times, length of surgery, complications, delayed graft function (DGF), primary graft non-function (PGNF), and eGFR at three-month follow-up.ResultsNinety-six non-living donor KTs were performed, median age 11 (IQR 4.3–14) years and median body weight 26 (IQR 13–50) kg. Forty-one (43%) were performed during night-time and 28 (29%) during day-off. Ischemia times were similar (p = 0.769, p = 0.536). Day-off KTs presented an extended length of surgery (p = 0.011). Thirty-two complications were reported in 31 KTs. No difference in the overall rate of complications, DGF, PNGF, and three-month eGFR was found (p = 0.669, p = 0.383, p = 0.949, p = 0.093). Post-operative bleedings were more common in days-off (p = 0.003).ConclusionThe number of pediatric KTs performed during after-hours was considerable. Even though similar outcomes were reported, more caution should be focused on the KTs performed in days-off to avoid severe complications.

Change of Vegetative Indicators Due to the Influence of Emotional Tension of the Examination Process in 21-year-old Students With Choleric Type

One of the factors causing stress in society is exam stress. Taking exams is stressful and quite exciting in itself. However, under the influence of excitement, the student cannot show his little knowledge. From this point of view, the study of psychological and physiological development of students is also of special importance. The study is dedicated to the change of vegetative indicators due to the influence of the exam process depending on the temperament of the nervous system in students of the 5th year of choleric type. In this regard, the main goal of the study was to reveal the age characteristics of changes in vegetative indicators depending on the type of temperament as a result of the effect of emotional stress during the examination. In order to study the effect of the exam process on emotional stress, students were divided into three groups: The first group was students studying on regular school days 2 months before the exam, the second group was 30 minutes before the exam process, and the third group was the group after the exam and 30 minutes after the exam process. First of all, the physiological indicators of different states of excitement of the temperament type and the process of excitement were studied in the experiment. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of emotional stress, we measured the main hemodynamic parameters, arterial pressure and number of heart beats per minute. It was determined that, depending on the type of temperament, vegetative indicators before the exam process (heart pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure) of young people on an ordinary day, before and after the exam, are different. However, after the exam, these indicators do not fully return to the norm. The tone of the sympathetic nervous system prevails during the examination process in all age groups.

Are Holidays or Festive Periods to blame for Seasonal Spikes in Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria?

Over the years, citizens have characteristically viewed festive and holiday seasons in Nigeria as a period when there are spikes in traffic and road crashes. These spike in road crashes have been ascribed to some spiritual or mystical powers which often possess the road ways especially the intercity or highways within the country. The paper examined the impact of holiday and festive periods on the recorded road traffic accident cases in Nigeria for a period ten years (2012 – 2021) using weekly data obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corps Office, the research adopted exploratory data analysis conducted on the Road Traffic accidents data suggests that the data is not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk = 0.94, p = .002) hence Kruskal-Wallis test -a non-parametric statistics equivalent of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was adopted for test of difference. The aim was to isolate the actual period when road accidents occurred most between ordinary day, non-festive holiday and festive holiday periods. National holiday and festive dates were marked on the data sheet and a hypothesis was tested. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to compare the median ranks of three groups: Festive Holiday, Non- holiday, and Non Festive Holiday. The test revealed a significant difference among the groups (χ2(2) = 11.02, p = .004.). Post hoc tests using the Dunn-Bonferroni method showed that Festive Holiday (FH) and Non-holiday (NH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 58.38, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NH = 180, adj.p = .007). Similarly, the Festive Holiday and Non Festive Holiday (NFH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 84.16, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .017). However, there was no significant difference in median rank (Mdn) between Non-holiday and Non Festive Holiday groups (KW = 25.77, Mdn_NH = 180, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .948). The study concluded that most road traffic accidents occur during festive holidays.

THE ITALIAN JOB - Job N. 3, Lazy Sunday (2022)

Lazy Sunday is the third work in THE ITALIAN JOB series. Started in 2014, straddling the distance between Italy and the United States, this series intends to highlight the hidden structures behind themes such as artistic legitimacy, virtuality, immaterial labour and 2.0 relationships between artists and curators. Lazy Sunday takes shape after an invitation to participate in a virtual residency within the spaces of the 12th Atelier of Casa degli Artisti in Milan. The artist accepts the invitation, overturning the assumptions of the residency: instead of participating at a distance, Vavarella transforms his point of view into an open space for the virtual participation of other people. The work consists of a 12-hour film made with a 360° camera and shot continuously on August 8 2021, on an ordinary day. Starting at 9:40 a.m., Emilio Vavarella filmed the events of one of his summer Sundays, recording his every activity, from waking up until the evening. The film has been shown in the space set up in the Casa degli Artisti, where visitors took on the point of view of the artist using a Virtual Reality headset.

“It would taste better with sugar”—Navigating deprivation and confidence in everyday life on a tea plantation in Assam

SummaryThis story focuses on an ordinary working day on a tea plantation in Assam from the perspective of Jiya—a tea plucker on Dolani Tea Estate. It illustrates how Jiya navigates fundamental deprivations in her everyday life structured by the company's relentless siren without losing track of the scope for confident action. The photos, the plantation, the protagonist, and the incidents described in the story are based on real places, persons, and observations I encountered during thirteen months of fieldwork on Assam tea plantations between 2014 and 2017. However, the compilation of multiple observations into one day is a work of fiction. All names of persons and places in the story are pseudonyms. Quotations in the text are my own translations from Hindi into English.

Classification of Weather Phenomenon with a New Deep Learning Method Based on Transfer Learning

Recognition of weather conditions, which have an important effect on the planning of our dailylives, affects many events from transport to agriculture. Even on an ordinary day, the weather affects manyevents, from taking children to the market to taking a walk. In addition, in many commercial areas such asagriculture and animal husbandry, many issues from planting and planting time to production are directlyor indirectly related to weather conditions. For these reasons, automatic analyses and classification of aerialimages will provide significant convenience. New technologies based on deep learning are needed tominimize the errors of experts working in the towers established to monitor weather conditions. Deeplearning based systems are preferred because they bring a new perspective to feature extraction andclassification approaches in classical machine learning technologies. With deep learning based systems, itis possible to classify by obtaining distinctive features from different weather conditions. In this paper, apre-trained architecture-based deep learning model is proposed to classify a dataset containing 6877 imagesof 11 weather conditions. In order to measure the effect of the proposed model on the performance, acomparison with the basic model is performed. The weather classification accuracy of the proposed modelin the test set is 88%. This performance result shows that the model is competitive with its competitors. Atthis point, eleven different weather images can be automatically classified. As a result of the mentionedprocedures, this study can be a reference for future weather classification studies.

Silencing

Silencing Lana Spendl (bio) An ordinary day in Ávila darkens following a neighborly intervention. Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 24] SETTING A SUCCULENT into the window box outside, Maria spotted the boys from 2D in the courtyard below. Three brick buildings and a wire fence framed the yard. Up above, the sky moved with clouds. One of the boys was seven, the other nine. Maria on occasion chatted with their mother by the mailboxes on the ground floor. Their father had passed. The mother worked two jobs. The boys stood hunched together, hiding something between them, and they sneaked glances now and then at the courtyard gate. This smelled rotten to Maria, and she glanced at the open living room down the hall to see whether her husband was watching her. In the corner armchair, he held the newspaper open before his face. Her shoulders relaxed. He often chided her for getting involved in others' lives, for getting them both in trouble with her tongue. The smaller boy, blond head in sun, raised his eyes to the building opposite Maria's. He then looked at the adjacent building and at Maria's after that. Maria ducked inside, waited, and then peeked back out. The older boy crouched to lay something on the ground. The little one, stepping aside, gave Maria space enough to see something small and furry on the grass. Brown. Was it a rabbit? A cat? She strained her neck to see. The older boy pulled a penknife from his pocket—a tiny flash of light—and knelt before the creature and began to cut. Maria's hand flew to her mouth. She looked to the living room—her husband was holding the paper up with one hand and reaching for the peanut bowl with the other. In a quick decision, she rushed to the vanity in her bedroom, removed the clips from her hair, fluffed it up, and hurried to the front door and opened it wide. "Maria?" her husband let out. "Uh-huh," she said and slammed the door behind her and hurried down the building's staircase round and round. Heart pounding, she could not decide whether to head directly to the courtyard or to knock on their mother's door. On the second floor, she forced herself to stop. Despite her urgency, it would be too intrusive to discipline someone else's children. She knocked and knocked, and when the door opened to a frightened Paulina, Maria clasped her hands at her chest in prayer and knitted her brows. "What I'm about to tell you is very troubling," she said. The woman's eyes grew wide. "What? What?" She clasped the top of her robe closed with a hand. "Your boys. Your boys are in the courtyard. They are . . ." She had to stop. She covered her face with her hands and then lowered her hands slowly, closing them into fists. "There is no other way to say it. They are torturing an animal." Paulina's frightened expression fell slack. She released the collar of her robe and her shoulders relaxed. She placed her hands on her hips. "What kind of animal?" Maria wavered—had she built this up too much?—but then she remembered the older boy's elbow cutting back and forth into the creature and pain rushed her chest and she knew she was right. "It was big. A mammal. Maybe a cat." Paulina's eyes focused with interest. She looked like she was calculating something. Then she gave a nod. "Fine," she said. "Show me where they are." She removed the keys from the hook by her door, was about to step out, and then remembered something on the stove and strode into the apartment and told Maria to wait. As Maria waited, inside Paulina's apartment, on the wall by the door, she saw a framed virgin and child. The virgin's halo shone gold. When Paulina returned, the women hurried to the ground floor, almost knocking over an octogenarian going up. "So sorry, so sorry." They flew out the front entrance and around the building to the back. Maria led, bent at the waist...

Epistemic Explanations: A Theory of Telic Normativity, and What it Explains

<i>Epistemic Explanations: A Theory of Telic Normativity, and What it Explains</i>

How do adverse weather conditions affect demands on urban transport systems?

Mode choice research in urban transportation constitutes a very important part of transportation planning in terms of studies such as decision-making on public transportation policies, mode-shifting and traffic calming practices, etc. Mode choice researches, which are usually made for an ordinary day within the scope of transportation masterplan studies, are also carried out for some special cases such as public holidays, adverse weather conditions, and the day of sports competitions, in order to shed light on the decisions that policy-makers and local governments will take in different scenarios. In this study, the changes in the daily user counters of the public transportation systems in Izmir, Turkey, according to the weather conditions were examined. The mode shifts and changes in demands were evaluated according to the adverse weather conditions, and the measures to be taken are discussed.

Easter Festivities During the Pandemic: Social and Cultural Aspects

In this paper, I pursued the goal to reveal the attitude of the Lithuanians living in their home country and in neighbouring ones towards holidays celebrated under the conditions of a radical lifestyle change. The study is based on the questionnaires completed by 48 respondents during two weeks after Easter 2020 that was celebrated under the quarantine restrictions. To achieve this goal and compare Easter celebrations in 2019 and 2020, I set up the following objectives: (1) to examine the concept of the holiday from an emic point of view, (2) to examine the changes in the festivity venue and its attendants, (3) to reveal the attitude of the respondents towards religious rituals broadcast online, (4) to analyse the change in Easter ethnic cuisine, (5) to reveal the changes in the celebration of the second day of Easter, and (6) to summarise the attitude of the informants towards Easter 2020 as a holiday. The paper concentrates only on two days of the holiday leaving out a broader examination of the Easter period. Based on Victor Turner’s theoretical legacy, this study is important in assessing a holiday both as a religious and communal phenomenon, assuming that holiday rituals can have religious and secular forms and perceiving a holiday as a way for people to break out of the social routine. When defining a holiday, almost all the respondents emphasised the social character of the festivity to be its indispensable element and outlined communication with friends and relatives as promoting a special mood and feelings for the celebrants. The motive of the religious aspect of the holiday was ranked second by fewer than a half of the respondents. Comparing Easter festivities of 2019 and 2020, it was revealed that the lockdown forced one-fifth of the respondents to celebrate alone. Most of the respondents had to celebrate Easter in a much narrower circle than the previous year. Children could not return to their birthplaces and see their parents. The traditional festive mass in church was replaced by live broadcasts on TV, radio, and internet portals. We also witnessed the “shortening” of the holiday. The year before the pandemic, only one-seventh of the respondents did not celebrate the second day of Easter, while during the pandemic, more than a half of the respondents had to give up these festivities. However, the study into the Easter cuisine delivered an impressive result. Although the number of people attending Easter celebrations together dropped, the number of Easter dishes did not change; the respondents explained it as a family tradition or simply as a tradition. Thus, the tradition of Easter cuisine remained the most stable in the quarantine year. Festive dishes were made even in those cases when the respondents admitted to a negative mood of the holiday or called it an ordinary day. Most of the respondents admitted that Easter 2020 was a holiday to them. However, it was different than before. More than two-thirds of the respondents missed live socialising with their family members, relatives, and friends, whereas religious rituals were missed only by one-fifth of the respondents. This points to an intensive secularisation process combined with the will to maintain family traditions and, if necessary, to revive them; also, to the lasting importance of communality in the modern society. For most of the respondents, online communication could not replace live socialising during the festivities. On the other hand, approaching the holiday as a way for people to break out of the social routine, we saw that even despite celebrating Easter in their ordinary daily environment and in the circle of people they saw every day for a shorter time than usual, most of the respondents managed to get out of the daily routine and create a festive mood.

POST-IMPRESSIONISM AND VIRGINIA WOOLF S EXPERIMENTATION WITH LITERARY FORMS

Virginia Woolf as one of the leading figures of modernist literature was in pursuit of challenging the so-called limitations of form in fiction. Triggered by the intellectual discussions in the Bloomsbury Group, formed by a group of intellectuals and artists in England, she attempted to redefine literary form by reorganizing her fiction to oppose the painters in the group who believed that literary form is restricted because of the nature of language. Influenced by her discussions with post-impressionist artists such as Vanessa Bell, Clive Bell and Roger Fry, Woolf acknowledged that artistic creativity is intermingled by “a myriad impressions” of an “ordinary mind on an ordinary day” with its own peculiarities and dissonances. Similarly, post-impressionism rejects objectivity as a necessity in realist painting and embraces spiritualism and personality in artistic expression. Knowing that literature is not solely composed of abstract ideas, Woolf even tested new printing techniques. In her novels, not only content and narrative techniques but also the norms regarding physical organization of a book are challenged. Therefore, Woolf greyed the lines between form and content by rendering the book itself as a fragmented material. Consequently, this paper aims to discuss Woolf’s experimentalism in her selected works as a modernist attempt to blur the borders of the two edging literary components—form and content—by looking into the influences of post-impressionist art on her fiction.

Mt. Rainier Sanctification

Mt. Rainier Sanctification

The Impact of Volunteering in Festival on Life Rhythm: Taking Wireless Network Communication and Wearable Devices as Tools

It is important to understand the impact of volunteering in festival on life rhythm of a volunteer. Little attention has been paid to the impact of volunteering on volunteers’ behavior. This study is aimed at exploring volunteers’ life rhythm and makes a contrast with that of everyday life by wireless devices. Related theories include volunteers’ behavior, life rhythm of festival volunteers, and wearable devices. Data was collected with a wearable device for the advantage of mobility, flexibility, and instant feedback though there are obstacles such as limited bandwich, signal attenuation, and network congestion. The results show that sleep rhythm interacts with activity rhythm, and volunteering has an impact on the interaction. Volunteering takes the place of work or relaxation, so that the rhythm of sleep is different from that of daily life and is affected by both the circadian rhythm and social factors. But the waking time is advanced by social factors. Compared with other types of days, volunteer day presents the rhythm of early getting up and more time-consuming walking. The schedule in volunteering is obviously different from that of ordinary day, and the walking mileage is much higher than ordinary day. Volunteering has an overflowing effect on daily life and reduces the choice of outdoor activities after being a volunteer.

Revealing invisibility: Interpreting social and behavioral aspects of the Coronavirus pandemic through student documentary photography

Life for the population in the Czech Republic came to a standstill in spring 2020 due to measures enacted in relation to the Coronavirus epidemic: a travel ban and closed borders, the cancellation of physical lessons at all types of school, the closure of stores except those securing basic necessities, radical restrictions to free movement of people. This unprecedented situation became the inspiration for creative work by students at the Studio of Advertising Photography at Tomas Bata University in Zlin. Since joint work in the studio was not possible, the students were given their assignments as part of the Digital Photography classes in the form of a document reflecting the social situation during the Corona crisis. Selected visual narratives, or photo novellas, are a methodical component of arts-based research, meaning the use of art artefacts and imagination for a more complete knowledge of this mode of social reality. Verbal commentary complements the images’ topic by interpreting the main themes of the selected photographic images: Easter festivities without religious services, sewing facemasks and covering faces, newly discovered meanings of borders and emptiness, the social role of meals in family life. The Coronavirus crisis has revealed the hidden opportunities of a new way to see and discover again how to evaluate our everyday life, something which in the haste of each ordinary day can become subconscious routine.&#x0D; Received: 30 August 2021Accepted: 20 April 2022

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of benth against paracetamol and ccl induced liver damage in rats

Hepatic diseases are flattering ordinary day by day and pose grave health threats to the life of humans. In sort to treat these diseases, the awareness of man is diverting towards herbal drugs, which are much safer and cost effectual than synthetic drugs. The aspire of this work was to explore antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of () bark for treatment of liver damage induced by CCland paracetamol (PCM) in rats. In vitro antioxidant activities aqueous and ethanolic extracts were also checked using 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), ABTS scavenging method. at chosen oral doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg levels of serum marker enzymes such as ALP, SGPT, SGOT, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was reduced which indicate major hepatoprotective effects, when contrasted with silymarin and negative control. All the parameters wereobserved at oral dose of 500 mg/kg with extreme effects. The significant anti-oxidant activity was also demonstrated by the extracts. The preliminary screening of phytochemical indicates the presence of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate and phytosterols. It is conceivable that extract of has activity of hepatoprotective against CCland paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, due to the scavenging of free radical mechanisms demonstrated by phenolics and flavonoids, thus asserting its medicinal therapeutic role in liver diseases.

Impact of distance on stroke inpatients’ mobility in rehabilitation clinics: a shadowing study

ABSTRACT Stroke inpatients in rehabilitation clinics are highly inactive in their free time and often depend on staff members to transport them to scheduled therapies. This study examines how distances between spaces in rehabilitation clinics impact patients’ mobility. Seventy patients were shadowed over the course of one ordinary day in rehabilitation. Shadowing was accompanied by patient and staff questionnaires. Both patients and staff members described the labyrinthine built environment with long corridors that all look similar. Patients covered substantial daily distances in the clinics, and longer distances were significantly related to encountering more mobility barriers and dependence on staff. Compact layouts with vertically separate wards and main therapy areas resulted in reduced travel distances compared to more complex building layouts. Patients’ mobility abilities were occasionally observed to change on different distances and even throughout the day. As distances result from the building's layout, greater attention needs to be paid to this aspect of the built environment in the early design stages. This is especially the case since other built-environment barriers were found to be intertwined with long distances. All patients may be independently mobile if distances between their most important areas (wards, therapy areas and dining spaces) are carefully planned.