Policies In Order Research Articles

Spatial Dependencies and Neighbour Interactions of Wildfire Patterns in Galician Mountain Areas (NW Spain)

Galicia is the Spanish region most affected by wildfires, and these wildfire patterns are the object of intense research. However, within Galicia, the mountain areas have certain socioeconomic and ecological characteristics that differentiate them from the rest of the region and have thus far not received any specific research attention. This paper proposes an analysis of the spatial wildfire patterns in the core Galician mountain systems in terms of the frequency, ratio of affected area, suppression time, and extension. The contiguity relations of these variables were examined in order to establish neighbour interactions and identify local concentrations of wildfire incidences. Furthermore, a spatial econometric model is proposed for these dependent variables in terms of a set of land cover (coniferous, transitional woodland–shrub) and land use (agricultural, industrial), complemented by population density, ecological protection, and common lands. The relevance of these parameters was studied, and it was found amongst other results, that economic value (agricultural and/or industrial) mitigates wildfire risk and impact, whereas ecological protection does not. In terms of land cover, conifers reduce the frequency and affected area of wildfires, whereas transitional land has a mixed effect, mitigating suppression time and extension but increasing the wildfire frequency. Suggestions for policy improvements are given based on these results, with a particular emphasis on the need for coordination of local policies in order to take into account the neighbour dependencies of wildfire risk and impact.

Optimizing order policy and credit term for items with inventory-level-dependent demand under trade credit limit

Under the combined effects of inventory-level-dependent demand (ILDD) and trade credit, the retailer is able to order more quantities to stimulate market demand. However, from the supplier's perspective, two important issues are lacking sufficient attention. First, during the credit period, the retailer's higher order quantities imply increases in both the retailer's account payable and the supplier's opportunity cost of capital. Second, given the supplier's fixed production rate, the increased market demand may drive the capacity utilization to be variable. Thus, by formulating a supplier-dominated system, this paper incorporates trade credit limit (TCL) to address its effects on optimal policies vis-à-vis the item with ILDD. Specifically, three indicators can be proposed to reveal which type of financing policy the retailer should choose. Moreover, based on TCL, the supplier can effectively manage the retailer's order quantity and the corresponding account payable. Additionally, the retailer's maximum allowable order quantity is developed to ensure that the supplier can supply the retailer's order quantity on time. Furthermore, when the effects of ILDD become more significant, the manufacturer will reduce the maximum allowable order quantity to control the retailer's order incentive.

Burden and resources in caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis: A qualitative study.

Caregivers of people with Multiple Sclerosis are required to provide ongoing assistance especially during the advanced stages of the disease. They have to manage interventions and assume responsibilities which significantly impact both their personal quality of life and family's dynamics. A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out to understand the experience of burden in caregivers and their resources to manage it. The study also explores how healthcare services involved in the Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Pathway respond to the needs of well-being of patients and family members. 17 caregivers were involved in focus groups and in semi-structured individual interviews. Fatigue is experienced by all respondents and it starts when physical disabilities increase or when people become aware of them. Many caregivers declare that they refer to intrinsic (love towards their relatives, patience and dedication) or extrinsic (family members, hobbies) resources to cope with the burden of assistance. Patient associations and the Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Pathway play a significant role in supporting caregivers. Fatigue, loneliness, and isolation are experienced by caregivers and strongly affect their quality of life and health status. The study highlights caregivers' need to reconcile working times with care times, to give more space to self-care and to have moments to share their experiences with someone else. These needs should be at the core of health policies in order to avoid physical and emotional breakdowns which could lead to the rupture of the relational balance on which home care is based.

Reformatting the Russian monetary system in modern conditions

The article considers the question of possible ways of transformation of the Russian monetary system in modern conditions. Currently, Russia is facing tough economic and political sanctions, which encourage it to introduce fundamental structural reforms in all areas of the economy. The situation in which our country finds itself requires an adequate response in order to preserve economic sovereignty. It is required to restructure the monetary system in such a way that the economy is focused on using mainly its own resources. Modern theories of money could be the theoretical foundation for the upcoming transformations. The study concentrates on the Modern monetary Theory (MMT) and its possible implementation in the Russian economy. The interest that has arisen in this non-orthodox theory is due to many reasons, but the main one is that the monetary institutions of the leading countries of the world can no longer implement the previous monetary policy in order to stimulate economic growth. Scientists evaluate this theory ambiguously, and many researchers believe that its main provisions are divorced from economic realities, contradictory and, therefore, not acceptable as instruments of macroeconomic policy. The author's stance is that the main provisions are applicable in the Russian economy. Mainly, the idea of the sovereignty of the national currency is understood as the possibility of issuing money without regard to global financial institutions such as the IMF and the size of gold and foreign exchange reserves. As a result, this theory requires a deeper study of the influence of monetary emission on economic processes.

Ordering COVID-19 Vaccines for Social Welfare with Information Updating: Optimal Dynamic Order Policies and Vaccine Selection in the Digital Age

Ordering COVID-19 Vaccines for Social Welfare with Information Updating: Optimal Dynamic Order Policies and Vaccine Selection in the Digital Age

Wage determinants of creative industry workers: A quantile regression analysis of traditional Indian embroidery (chikankari) industry workers of Lucknow

AbstractThe creative economy has played a significant role in developed nations' economic growth in the past two decades. However, the creative economy is a new phenomenon for the Global South. It could be key for these countries' balanced regional development where typically more focus is given to heavy industries. For a country like India, creating a new policy framework that promotes this sector by modifying existing policies in order to bring flexibility and inclusiveness for future developments is a big challenge. There is a dire need for research into this sector to understand the issues related to labor, entrepreneurs, and the market. Moreover, the existing literature and empirical studies have limitations regarding explaining the factors affecting the wage determinants of workers in India's creative sector. This study highlights the critical component of creative industry workers and their wages based on primary data from the traditional embroidery (chikankari) industry in Lucknow, India. Quantile regression analysis has been used because the workers' wages are highly skewed towards lower and upper quantiles. The results show that the workers' age and education are significant at the lower quantile, while work experience and religion are highly significant at the ninety‐fifth quantile. Additionally, male workers earn significantly more than female workers.

Financial Inclusion: Factors Influencing on Customer Adoption of Mobile Banking Services in Bangladesh

Rapid growth in mobile banking has prompted banks to invest in mobile banking in Bangladesh.  This study identifies the factors that are influencing the customer adoption of mobile banking in Bangladesh. The theories of A cognitive theory, the theory of reasoned action (TRA), and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) have been selected as the baseline theories. 320 questionnaires were sent to the customers of Bangladesh's leading mobile banking companies, 315 are returned, but 300 are usable for the analysis. This study found that perceived risk, relative advantage, trust and convenience influence individual tendencies to embrace mobile banking in that order. Reliability test, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used after entering the data into SPSS. Each variable used a 5-point Likert scale. The findings of this investigation will have major consequences for the economy of Bangladesh, particularly with regard to the financial sector and have also substantial consequences for policymakers and bank management to develop their financial plans and policies in order to increase participation in and success within the Bangladeshi banking industry.

Literacy Movement in Indonesian and Spanish Context: A Comparative Case Study

<span lang="EN-US">Literacy movement serves a vital role to support, facilitate, and enhance literacy skills that is crucial to every human being overall development including character, social, and professional development. This comparative study on literacy movement in Indonesia and Spain analyze how these nations promote literacy movement to accelerate students’ literacy skills and how the literacy movement implemented. Likewise, this study adopts a case study in which the data were derieved from observation protocol, document analysis, questionnaies, and interview transcripts. The data analysis revealed that Indonesia through <em>Gerakan Literasi Nasional</em> (GLN) promotes the literacy by creating literacy culture in educational ecosystem start in family, school, and society as a mean of long-life learning to improve life quality whereas the Ministry of Education Culture and Sport in Spain created a program called Act on The Improvement of the Quality of Education (LOMCE in Spanish) to promote and create a literate environment and improve educational result. As it further investigated, the most noticeable comparison between the practice of literacy movement in Indonesia and Spain is on the equality of literacy movement in every region. In Spain, the literacy movement is equally well-established in every region whereas the equality of literacy movement in Indonesia region is still not equal yet. In this matter, the implementation of literacy movement should be supported by qualified educators, appropriate materials, adequate infrastructure, and effective literacy policies in order to effectively promote the students’ literacy skills and development.</span>

Mortality due to traffic accidents in Colombia: Profiles of pedestrians and cyclists, 1998-2019

Background: Traffic accidents are an important issue for public health and a threat for sustainable development, with pedestrians and cyclists having been recognized as the most vulnerable actors on the streets. The objective of this study was to analyze the profiles of pedestrians and cyclists who died as a result of traffic accidents in Colombia during the 1998-2019 period. Methods: An observational and descriptive study, with the deaths due to traffic accidents in Colombia between 1998 and 2019 as data source. Secondary data were taken from the Vital statistics of Colombia (EEVV), published by Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). A trend analysis of the number of deaths during the period under study was performed, and such number was examined against sex to identify potential differences. Multiple correspondence analysis was employed to elaborate the profile of pedestrians and cyclists who die due to traffic accidents. Three profiles were prepared for each road actor: a global profile, one for 1998, and another for 2019. Results: The mortality profiles are different for pedestrians and cyclists, and, in turn, there are also demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic conditions in each type of road actor, which determine higher mortality risks. High population density, younger age group in the cyclists and adults among the pedestrians, low schooling levels and absence of health insurance are suggested as key factors in these profiles. Related to sex, for men is not possible to establish a profile. Women's cases are commonly related to health insurance, age, and population density. Conclusions: Several contextual and demographic characteristics in pedestrians and cyclists allow delimiting mortality profiles. The profiles that were identified suggest the need to articulate road safety policies with other social and development policies in order to coordinate and integrate intersectoral actions that reduce mortality in these road actors.

PENGARUH UJI KELAYAKAN DAN SERTIFIKASI TEMPUR AMFIBI TERHADAP KESELAMATAN PERSONEL DAN MATERIEL KORPS MARINIR

TNI is the main component of national defense which is tasked with implementing state defense policies in order to maintain state sovereignty and the territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). In order to realize the achievement of its duties, the Indonesian Navy requires adequate facilities in the form of the main weapon system (Alutsista). Marines as a component subsystem of the Integrated Fleet Weapon System (SSAT), are required to have high and reliable operational readiness capabilities. The success of the Marine Corps in carrying out its duties is largely determined by the units under it. One of them is the Cavalry Regiment which has an important role to support the main tasks of the Marine Corps, therefore the Cavalry Regiment's ability is needed in fostering and preparing the operational readiness of Cavalry elements both personnel and material in order to carry out Military Operations for War (OMP) and Military Operations. Apart from War (OMSP). In carrying out its duties, functions and roles, both as a unit that operates and maintains the operational readiness of amphibious lander combat vehicles. Before carrying out the Tempur Exercise, it is tested for feasibility and certification tests in order to minimize the occurrence of accidents. This study to see the effect of airworthiness testing and certification on the safety of Marine Corps personnel and materials with quantitative methods and data processing with the SPSS 25 program. Non-Probability Sampling the sampling technique used is incidental sampling. 237. The results of this study are that there is a positive and significant effect between the feasibility test on the safety of personnel and materials with of 3.417 and a t-table of 1.970, there is a positive and significant effect between certification on the safety of personnel and materials with 6.219 and t-table 1.970, there are positive and significant influence between the simultaneous feasibility test and certification on the safety of personnel and material with 118.249 and f-table 0.051. The value of the correlation coefficient is 0.709 which is declared strong or 70.9% and the value of R2 = 0.50.3 which means that it is 50.3% while the remaining 49.7% is influenced by other variables outside the model studied.

Modelling and Analysis of Hospital Inventory Policies during COVID-19 Pandemic

The global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) started in 2020 and is still ongoing today. Among the numerous insights the community has learned from the COVID-19 pandemic is the value of robust healthcare inventory management. The main cause of many casualties around the world is the lack of medical resources for those who need them. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19, it is therefore imperative to simulate the demand for desirable medical goods at the proper time. The estimation of the incidence of infections using the right epidemiological criteria has a significant impact on the number of medical supplies required. Modeling susceptibility, exposure, infection, hospitalization, isolation, and recovery in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic is indeed crucial for the management of healthcare inventories. The goal of this research is to examine the various inventory policies such as reorder point, periodic order, and just-in-time in order to minimize the inventory management cost for medical commodities. To accomplish this, a SEIHIsRS model has been employed to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 and determine the hospitalized percentage of infected people. Based on this information, various situations are developed, considering the lockdown, social awareness, etc., and an appropriate inventory policy is recommended to reduce inventory management costs. It is observed that the just-in-time inventory policy is found to be the most cost-effective when there is no lockdown or only a partial lockdown. When there is a complete lockdown, the periodic order policy is the best inventory policy. The periodic order and reorder policies are cost-effective strategies to apply when social awareness is high. It has also been noticed that periodic order and reorder policies are the best inventory strategies for uncertain vaccination efficacy. This effort will assist in developing the best healthcare inventory management strategies to ensure that the right healthcare requirements are available at a minimal cost.

Analisis Rasio Perputaran dan Periode Rata-Rata Pengumpulan Piutang Sebagai Dasar Penilaian Efektivitas Kebijakan Kredit PT. ISAM

Company management needs to implement appropriate policies in order to increase company value and reach the goals. The main activity of PT. ISAM to achieve the goal is sales transactions, especially credit sales. The risk of credit sales is uncollectible receivable, so receivable control and management is needed to minimize the risk of company losses. Therefore, an effective credit policy must be implemented. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of PT. ISAM credit policy by comparing the analysis of the receivables turnover ratio and the average collection period with the standards policies of PT. ISAM. Receivable turnover and the average collection period of PT. ISAM has not reached the standard, which is 12 times and 30 days. So that the credit policy has not been effective. It is influenced by the low level of sales so that the receivables turnover and the average collection period are not optimal.

PENGARUH AUDIT KEWASPADAAN STANDART TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN KEBERSIHAN TANGAN PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM MALANG UNISMA

Background: Compliance with hand washing in hospitals is still a problem. Even in the Islamic Hospital of Malang UNISMA has not yet reached 100%, even though according to the Health Accreditation Standards team it 100%. 
 Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of audits on the level of adherence to hand hygiene by nurses.
 Method: This study used a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-post test design approach and purposive sampling. The research instrument was an audit observation sheet and SOP for Hand Hygiene. The number of respondents was 55 nurses using the paired-t statistical test to determine the effect of the audit on the level of adherence to nurse's hand hygiene.
 Results: Before the audit the results were 78.2%, after the audit was carried out 81.8% of the nurses complied with the moment of hand washing and 65.5% complied, before the audit of the SPO of hand washing was carried out, after the audit 100% complied. There is a significant influence between the two variables (p=0,001)
 Conclusion: There is an influence on the level of compliance with nurse's hand hygiene. 
 Suggestion: Hospital are expected to carry out audits in accordance with established policies in order to discipline nurses to carry out hand washing according to the SPO. Nurses are expected to increase awareness and discipline towards hand hygiene compliance.

Energy Security of the European Union in the Context of Russian Aggression against Ukraine

Over the past decades, Russia has used the supply, ownership and control of energy resources as an instrument of its foreign policy to strengthen its political influence not only in the post-Soviet space, but also in the EU member states. During the unprovoked Russian aggression against Ukraine, Moscow used energy policy as an energy weapon (demanding to pay for gas in rubles; stopping gas supplies to certain EU member states, including Poland, Bulgaria, and Finland; reducing the volume of supplies through the Nord Stream pipeline; ignoring the capacities of the Ukrainian GTS; provoking an increase in gas prices), which resulted in an acute energy crisis in the European Union. This prompted the EU and national governments of its member states to make significant adjustments to their energy policies in order to overcome the crisis and prevent gas blackmail by European states as a manipulation to circumvent anti-Russian sanctions and political pressure to withdraw support for Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of ensuring the energy security of the European Union and its member states in the context of the energy crisis caused by Russia's aggression against Ukraine. The article is aimed at studying the impact of Russian aggression on the EU's energy security, assessing the state of the Energy Union in 2022, and analyzing short-term and long-term strategies in the development of relevant supranational and national energy policies, mainly from a European perspective. Modern European national and supranational energy and climate strategies envisage postponing the phase-out of coal, oil, gas and nuclear power, while accelerating the deployment of renewable energy, improving energy efficiency and a mandatory commitment to increase energy storage. The European Union and its member states are overcoming the consequences of the energy crisis by developing and implementing national strategies, the REPowerEU plan, as well as a number of other measures to reduce energy prices and ensure security of supply. The REPowerEU plan is fully in line with the European Green Deal and includes measures to save energy, diversify and ensure security of supply, accelerate the deployment of renewable energy sources and a reasonable mix of investment and reform. The modernization of the EU's energy policy is aligned with the EU's long-term climate goals. The EU also supports new partnerships with neighboring countries, including Ukraine, to accelerate the global transition to green and fair energy.

Agglomeration of Economic Activities of Fisherman Communities In Jenilu Village Belu District

Research on the phenomenon of agglomeration of community economic activities needs to be carried out to see its impact on regional development, especially in border areas. Grouped economic activities can be a consideration for the government in taking economic policies in order to improve people's welfare. This study aimed to find out: 1) where and how the economic activities of the fishing community in Jenilu Village experience concentration or agglomeration; 2) what are the characteristics of the economic activities of the fishing community in Jenilu Village; and 3) what government policies should be taken to accelerate development in Jenilu Village. This type of research is a qualitative field exploration with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research results show: 1) the economic activities of the fishing community in Jenilu Village experience agglomeration or grouping in the Atapupu area due to the historical value of this area which has long been the center of community activities and also the existence of infrastructure support including good access to cross-country roads, markets, and ports; 2) 80% of the people of Jenilu Village work as fishermen with a low-income level of an average of Rp. 1000,000,- per month, still relying on simple fishing equipment such as fishing rods, nets, and motorized boats, and the main types of a catch include tuna, tuna, yellow stripe, and mackerel; 3) the regional government is expected to be able to improve the quality of human resources and build infrastructure in this region to support the development of the main border gate area which has not been maximized.

Influence of Great Britain on Turkish Policy in the Transcaucasia and the Middle East

The study explores the Turkish-British partnership. The author verifies the thesis, which gained popularity after the beginning of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war in the Russian expert and journalistic community, that the United Kingdom had a significant impact on Türkiye’s foreign policy in order to destabilize the South Caucasus and oust Russia from the region. Some experts hypothesize that London is trying to implement the “Great Turan” project in the post-Soviet space through the hands of Ankara to the detriment of Russian interests. One of the main arguments that Türkiye’s foreign policy is managed from London is the appointment of former ambassador R. Moore, who has close contacts with Turkish President R.T. Erdogan, to the post of head of British Foreign Intelligence, MI6. To test this hypothesis, the author of the article analyzes the trade, financial, political relations between Great Britain and Türkiye, as well as the degree of similarity in their positions regarding the conflicts in Syria, Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh. The author comes to the conclusion that Great Britain and Türkiye are indeed close allies. This is confirmed by the fact that the British government lobbied Türkiye to join the EU, refrained from interfering in internal affairs, supported R.T. Erdogan during the coup attempt in 2016, and did not criticize Ankara’s pro-Azerbaijani position during the Karabakh conflict. At the same time, the lack of a high level of financial and economic interdependence, Türkiye’s desire to play an independent role in the Middle East and Transcaucasia bypassing NATO, Ankara’s close cooperation with London’s geopolitical adversary Moscow, as well as differences in approaches to the Syrian conflict allow the author to refute the thesis that that Türkiye acts as a “conduit for the interests of Great Britain.”

Sosialisasi Dan Penguatan Kapasitas Kebijakan Desa Dalam Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak

Introduction: Violence against children is any act against a child which results in physical, psychological, sexual misery or suffering, and/or neglect, including threats to commit acts, coercion, or deprivation of liberty by means against the law.Purposes of Devotion: This activity aims to integrate the Child Protection Program from Sexual violence into the policies of Mebongo Village, Sumalata District; Align the Village Child Protection Program from Sexual violence with Village policies in Sumalata District; Encourage the participation of all community groups in preventing and handling sexual violence against children. Method of Devotion: The form of the program is Socialization and Capacity Strengthening of Village Policies in order to realize Child Protection which provides justice and a sense of security that is needed and also to increase participation and a sense of shared responsibility in society, so that it can contribute to related institutional roles primarily at the village government level.Results of the Devotion: From the results of discussions with the community, it was obtained that the majority acknowledged the lack of education regarding good patterns of handling sexual violence, which refers to steps taken to identify, help, and protect children who are victims of violence, including access to justice for child victims and perpetrators. . This effort is carried out through networking (including advocacy) with affordable and quality support services for victims, perpetrators and children at risk. Then on the regulatory side, the Village does not yet have supporting facilities related to regulations that protect the rights of children who experience sexual violence

United we stood, divided we transform? Exploring coalition transformation divergence in the EU trade policy field

ABSTRACT During the EU-US (TTIP) and EU–Canada (CETA) free trade negotiations, large coalitions of civil society organisations were active not only across borders but also within European member states. In several countries, coalitions saw the opportunity to transform their issue-specific group into a general coalition on EU trade policy in order to achieve more sustained engagement. However, in hindsight, only some of the transformed coalitions remained active and visible with the same organisations, while others experienced a decline in visibility, activities, and membership. This study aims to explore the factors contributing to this divergence in coalition transformation, drawing on the literature from social movement and interest group studies. Based on interviews with trade activists in Belgium and the Netherlands, the analysis points to differences in perception of political and discursive opportunities, resource mobilisation, the degree of ideological and cultural overlap between the coalition’s actors, and organisational structure as important factors.

A comparative study of work-family balance between male and female academic staff of selected universities in Osun State Nigeria

Maintaining a healthy balance between one's professional and family roles is a growing difficulty for both employees and employers. This study is a comparative study of work-family balance between male and female academic staff of selected universities in Osun state. It was aimed at understanding the significant relationship between work-related experiences and work-family balance among male and female academic staff. A systematically random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Statistical methods such as percentages, means, standard deviations and regression analysis were used for the study. The findings indicated that the differences in coping strategies and the ability to maintain a healthy work-family balance between male and female academic staff at both universities were not statistically significant. In other words, male academics employed a smaller number of techniques than their female counterparts. It was recommended that universities implement institutional policies in order to demonstrate their commitment to creating a family- and worker-friendly environment.

Slovenian Economic Republicanism at the Formative Stage of Self-Government Socialism (1950–1953)

The article analyzes the impact of the 1950–1953 reforms on the economic conflicts between the leadership of Slovenia and Yugoslavia. The reforms and the economic crisis intensified the contradictions between Slovenia and the federal center. Initially they manifested themselves in traditional forms: struggles to reduce targets, concealment of reserves, and struggle for coupons. The crisis gave rise to new struggles over money supply and the construction of key facilities, and reinforced the tendency to close regional markets. However, as the reforms progressed, old sources of conflict gradually lost their role and were replaced by new ones. The struggle over natural resources and manpower diminished, but the struggle for value indicators, primarily for investment, intensified. Slovenia donated significant funds, from which capital investments were made in other regions, and this circumstance gave rise to discontent in the republic. The federal government tried to reform the investment policy in order to alleviate the discontent in Slovenia, but these attempts failed in the period under review.