Order Themes Research Articles

Are water-centric themes in sustainable tourism research congruent with the UN Sustainable Development Goals?

Although tourism is considered a vehicle for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to eradicate poverty, protect the environment and facilitate social inclusion, limited empirical work has assessed the engagement of tourism literature with the associated 2030 Agenda. Water, both fresh and salt, is directly or indirectly implicated throughout the SDGs, and tourism both depends on clean water and exacerbates water problems. However, there has been limited discourse that maps water-centric knowledge and its relationship to the SDGs within the sustainable tourism literature. This bibliometric analysis, consequently, draws on a database of 220 relevant journal articles to identify affiliated themes and assess their relationship to the SDGs. Findings categorise the knowledge base into three first order themes, with water situated respectively as resource, attraction and hazard. This literature indirectly supports the Agenda through specific SDGs of poverty eradication (#1), sustainable economic growth (#8), and sustainable consumption (#12). Direct links occur between the themes and specific SDGs, as with resource (#6, sustainable management of water for all), attraction (#14, life beneath the sea) and hazard (#13, climate change action). Future research in the tourism and water nexus should consider deeper engagement with priorities as outlined in the SDGs.

Power, paradox and pessimism: On the unintended consequences of digital health technologies in primary care

We consider what might be learned from the unintended, apparently unanticipated, consequences of the use of digital health (including alternatives to face to face consultations, electronic medical records, use of apps and online monitoring) in primary care. We chose a conceptual literature review method, to seek a higher order understanding of the nuanced patterning of unintended consequences of digital health technologies (for people, relationships, organisations and ways of working) which are rarely simply positive or negative. The approach is informed by realist review, which recognises that experiences and outcomes of interventions work (or fail) in different ways in particular contexts.We present three higher order themes to illuminate underpinning mechanisms for unintended consequences in digital health technologies in primary care. These themes are illustrated by case examples, with particular focus on those that have been little discussed in the literature. Following Merton’s (1936) differentiation between consequences for the actor(s) and others, which are mediated through the culture and social structure, we discuss consequences that i) disrupt power relations between patients and health professionals or between different groups of health professions, ii) contribute to paradoxical outcomes and iii) result in a potentially corrosive sub-culture of pessimism about digital health.We conclude that when implementing or evaluating digital technologies in primary care, it is wise to consider the ‘dark logic’ of the intervention (Bonell et al., 2015). Attention to issues of power relations, the potential for paradoxical outcomes, and impacts on the expectations of staff in relation to digital innovation are particularly salient in relation to the dramatic changes in primary care delivery initiated during the Covid-19 pandemic. Fostering a sense of ownership and interest in monitoring the effects that matter to the organisation will likely help counter pessimism and renew interest in deploying those digital innovations that show promise.

On being open-minded, wholehearted, and responsible: a review and synthesis exploring factors enabling practitioner development in reflective practice

ABSTRACT Although reflective practice is valued in learning and professional development, there are a wide range of contrasting definitions making it difficult to firstly understand what reflection is and subsequently how to apply this concept in specific working contexts. This study aims to bridge this gap in the literature by enquiring into and seeking an understanding of the factors that enable the process of reflection by synthesising insights from a variety of publications across professional contexts. The analytical process involved initial coding and focussed coding, supplemented by constant comparison and memo writing. Article text was fragmented, sorted, and integrated to develop a thematic structure that was used to organise and integrate the subsequent narrative. Analysis resulted in 3 higher order themes: triggers for reflection, conducive contextual and attitudinal factors, and epistemology. The resulting article represents the product of an enquiry seeking to understanding the factors that enable the process of reflection.

“A greatest hits compilation of mental health support”: A qualitative study of health professionals’ perceptions of modular CBT in pediatric epilepsy services

ObjectivesThe primary aim of this qualitative study was to explore the views of health professionals, with little previous clinical mental health training, of an adapted modular cognitive-behavioral intervention (MATCH-ADTC) for common mental health problems in children and young people with epilepsy. MethodsHealthcare Professionals (HCPs) and their supervisors were interviewed at the start (n = 23) and end (n = 15) of the six-month training period. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsThree higher order themes with sub-themes were identified: (1) strengths of the MATCH-ADTC content and manual; (2) expectations of the treatment; and (3) improving practice with MATCH-ADTC. Overall impressions of the training and treatment were largely positive, with HCPs viewing MATCH-ADTC as an acceptable treatment for the families that they worked with. HCPs highlighted some challenges in delivering an integrated service, particularly relating to the time commitment involved and their own confidence in delivering the intervention, as many participants did not have a mental health background. ConclusionsThe findings suggested that the intervention and training was acceptable to HCPs working in pediatric epilepsy services, and confidence grew over the six-month training period. Further research is needed to understand how to best train, supervise, and support HCPs in pediatric epilepsy services to deliver mental health treatments.

Motives for Dropout Among Former Junior Elite Caribbean Track and Field Athletes: A Qualitative Investigation.

Anecdotal reports within the Caribbean track and field fraternity have revealed that there is a high level of athlete dropout from competitive sport at the junior-elite level, and a poor transition to senior-elite status. Consequently, this qualitative investigation explored the key motives that may have contributed toward the unsuccessful transitions and ensuing dropout of Caribbean track and field athletes during the junior to senior transition period. Eleven former junior-elite track and field athletes (four males, seven females; Mage = 29, SD ± 4.2 years) from four English-speaking Caribbean islands participated in semi-structured interviews. Following an inductive and deductive thematic analysis, four higher order themes were identified: (1) “there's not enough support”; (2) “felt pressure to make sure I committed”; (3) “it's always competitive here”; and (4) “battle with the injuries.” For these former junior-elite Caribbean athletes, the decision on whether to continue within the sport was influenced by a combination of factors, although inadequate financial and organizational support had the most bearing on athletes' decision to drop out during the crucial transition years. Implications for consideration by key stakeholders and policymakers within the region are discussed.

Case Studies of Olympic Medalist Coach–Athlete Relationships: A Retrospective Analysis Prior to and During the Olympics

The Olympics is a unique and challenging performance setting that tests the strength of the coach–athlete relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the coach–athlete relationship prior to and during the Olympics with Olympic-medal-winning athletes and their coaches. Qualitative research methods were implemented where three Olympic medalist coach–athlete dyads participated in semistructured interviews. Data collection included three separate interviews (athlete, coach, and coach–athlete) for each dyad. Cross-case analysis identified three lower order themes related to creating an athlete-centered environment: (a) empowering effective decision making, (b) open and honest communication, and (c) mental cue-based instruction and feedback. In addition, three lower order themes related to developing a caring supportive relationship emerged: (a) developed trust, (b) commitment, and (c) gratitude. Results indicated that coaches and athletes perceived that their success at the Olympics Games was influenced by the strength of the coach–athlete relationship that was developed over multiple years prior to the Olympics.

“Agape love is justice”: Black clergies’ public and theological support of Black gay men

This study explored how 60 Black clergy came to publicly and theologically support Black gay men. They participated in three 90-minute life history interviews to address the study aims. Open, axial and selective coding were used to understand and order themes within their accounts while addressing specific aims. Life events, purpose-driven theological training and a commitment to justice provide the basis for theological and public support of Black gay men. Clergies’ understanding of justice is an expression of agape love. Such love inspires both the support and advocacy of stigmatised, marginalised and overly burdened populations. Study findings question monolithic understandings of both Black clergy and the Black church as homophobic and heteronormative. The informants’ data reveal agape love as a key motivation of ministerial holistic support for marginalised and oppressed populations, including Black gay men. Finally, these data assert that agape love is inconsistent with heteronomative and homophobic scriptural interpretation.

"Is It Overtraining or Just Work Ethic?": Coaches' Perceptions of Overtraining in High-Performance Strength Sports.

Optimal physical performance is achieved through the careful manipulation of training and recovery. Short-term increases in training demand can induce functional overreaching (FOR) that can lead to improved physical capabilities, whereas nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) or the overtraining syndrome (OTS) occur when high training-demand is applied for extensive periods with limited recovery. To date, little is known about the OTS in strength sports, particularly from the perspective of the strength sport coach. Fourteen high-performance strength sport coaches from a range of strength sports (weightlifting; n = 5, powerlifting; n = 4, sprinting; n = 2, throws; n = 2, jumps; n = 1) participated in semistructured interviews (mean duration 57; SD = 10 min) to discuss their experiences of the OTS. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in the identification of four higher order themes: definitions, symptoms, recovery and experiences and observations. Additional subthemes were created to facilitate organisation and presentation of data, and to aid both cohesiveness of reporting and publicising of results. Participants provided varied and sometimes dichotomous perceptions of the OTS and proposed a multifactorial profile of diagnostic symptoms. Prevalence of OTS within strength sports was considered low, with the majority of participants not observing or experiencing long-term reductions in performance with their athletes.

Θεραπευτική σχέση και μακρόχρονη ομαδική συστημική ψυχοθεραπεία: μια ποιοτική προσέγγιση

The therapeutic relationship has been highlighted as a major mechanism of therapeutic change in current literature. Existing research has focused on certain qualities of the therapist, such as empathy, acceptance and authenticity, as well as of the client, such as the quality of their interpersonal relationships and their expectations, which enhance the therapeutic alliance. Less is known about the importance of the therapeutic relationship in long-term systemic group therapy. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with clients who had completed long-term group therapy following an enriched systemic approach SANE - System Attachment Narrative Encephalon®. Participants were invited to talk about their personal experience of group therapy 2-8 years after its completion. Three higher order themes and six subthemes emerged related to the therapeutic relationship. The higher order themes are: (1) the role of the therapist; (2) the function of the therapist; (3) the qualities of the therapist. The subthemes are: 1.a) the therapist as a source of safety; 1.b) the therapist as a parental role model; 2.a) the expression of the therapist’s feelings; 2.b) the client’s transition from dependency to autonomy; 3.a) the therapist’s personality traits; 3.b) the therapist’s professional role fulfillment. The study aims to contribute to the bibliography of process research of long term group therapy from the clients’ perspective, in order to clarify the parameters of the therapeutic relationship the clients consider more important and helpful.

E-tailers adaptation during early stages of “social distancing causing crises”: an exploratory study

PurposeThis paper studies the impact of social distancing causing crises (SDCC) such as pandemics in its early stages on e-tailers demand and supply side operations and provides a conceptual framework for adaptation.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory-based approach has been used, wherein journal papers and news articles are the key data sources. Standard qualitative methodology, including open, axial and selective coding has been followed.FindingsThe study provides second order themes derived from first-order categories, the theoretical dimensions and their interrelationships on how e-tailers need to adapt to variations in online buying behaviour, manage manpower shortage and daily necessities inventory shortage, during SDCC. Panic buying emerges as a key disrupting factor as it has multiple repercussions on demand and supply side operations of e-tailers.Research limitations/implicationsExploratory qualitative research such as this is helpful in early development of a research stream and paves the way for future quantitative studies.Practical implicationsThis study makes a valuable contribution on e-tailers adaptation to SDCC with significant managerial implications. There are social, economic and policy implications too. For academicians, this study provides a conceptual framework and serves as a springboard for future research.Originality/valueThe study is unique as perhaps it is one of the first to study e-tailers adaptation to SDCC. It contributes to a body of the literature which is currently scarce but expected to grow exponentially in the coming years.

What is a fatal flaw? A guide for authors & reviewers

What is a fatal flaw? A guide for authors & reviewers

Good practice in sport science and medicine support: practitioners’ perspectives on quality, pressure and support

ABSTRACT Purpose/Rationale: Good Practice in Sport Science and Medicine (SSM) delivery is clearly of interest and importance, with both anecdotal insights and developing empirical research focussing on the evaluation of good practice in delivery. Accordingly, to develop deeper understanding of the positive mechanisms of SSM delivery, our aim was to gain longitudinal insight from SMM practitioners (SSMPs) on their experiences of practice in service delivery. This included perceptions on preparation for their roles and the sources of challenge and support experienced in delivery environments. Design/Methodology/Approach: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken over a 6-month period with nine experienced SSMPs, representing six different disciplines. There were three stages of investigation: an induction interview, three longitudinal interviews at 4–6 weekly intervals and a final reflective interview. Data were transcribed and analysed to generate higher order themes. Findings: Results suggest SSMPs perceive a number of challenges to their delivery. The more significant of these were either organisational or interpersonal in nature. However, there were critical forms and sources of support which could aid in navigating the challenges experienced. This suggests both a key role for employment organisations in supporting SSMP delivery and a need for the SSMPs to focus on non-technical, interpersonal skills to support in navigating key challenges. Practical Implications: The more in-depth appreciation of sources of support and challenge has key implications for both the training and ongoing support on offer to SSMP. Research Contribution: Findings offer important and new empirical insight to GP delivery, specifically identifying gaps in training and the role employing organisations have in supporting SSMPs.

A qualitative analysis of people’s experiences with weight-based discrimination

Objective The aim of this study was to describe people’s day-to-day experiences with weight-based discrimination and to distill themes that shed new light on this phenomenon. Design A qualitative study was conducted in 2019 using a purposive sampling strategy. A racially and ethnically diverse sample of 32 U.S. adult men and women with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 completed a semi-structured interview. Results Primary types of interpersonal weight-based discrimination included offensive comments, negative assumptions, social rejection, and unwanted attention or bullying. Participants also encountered environmental sources of weight bias such as inadequate seating in public venues. Three higher order themes that cut across people’s experiences with weight-based discrimination were identified: 1) the often-ambiguous nature of weight-based discrimination; 2) intersections between body weight and other social identities; and 3) the role of social comparison processes. Conclusion Findings provide a detailed portrait of people’s everyday experiences with weight-based discrimination. These experiences often reflected widely held negative stereotypes about people with higher body weight and conveyed the socially devalued status of higher-weight individuals in society. Findings have important implications for future research and interventions aimed at reducing the harmful effects of weight-based discrimination on health and emotional wellbeing.

Stakeholder perceptions of physical literacy assessment in primary school children

ABSTRACT Background UNESCO [(2015). Quality Physical Education Guidelines for Policymakers. Paris: UNESCO Press.] highlighted the importance of developing physical literacy (PL) from childhood, although it remains unclear how best to evidence an individual’s PL journey. The aim of this study was to explore key stakeholders’ views of current practice, future directions and effective implementation of PL assessment, with a view to informing the development of a rigorous, authentic, and feasible PL assessment. Methods Purposive samples of children aged between 6–7 years (n = 39), 10–11 years (n = 57), primary school teachers (n = 23), and self-defined experts with an interest in PL (academics n = 13, practitioners n = 8) were recruited to take part in a series of concurrent semi-structured focus groups. Each group included a maximum of six participants, lasted on average 40 (30–90) minutes were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis and key themes were represented by pen profiles. Results Higher order themes of (i) existing assessments, (ii) demand for PL assessment, (iii) acceptability of PL assessment, and (iv) factors related to implementation of PL assessments were identified. All stakeholders viewed the assessment of PL as important, but in line with well-established barriers within physical education (PE), assessment was not a priority in many schools, resulting in a variability in existing practice. No assessment of the affective and cognitive domains of PL was reported to be in use at participating schools. All stakeholder groups recognised the potential benefits of using technology within the assessment process. Children recognised that teachers were constantly making judgements to help them improve, and agreed that assessment could help record this, and that assessment should be differentiated for each child. Teachers widely reported that future assessment should be time-efficient, simple, and useful. Conclusion Study findings revealed a demonstrable need for a feasible PL assessment that could be effectively used in schools. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to involve these stakeholders, and triangulate data, to inform future PL assessment and practice. Findings provide an evidence base to inform the onward development of a conceptually aligned PL assessment tool, suitable for use in schools. In turn, this will enable robust, empirical evidence to be collated, to evidence theory, and inform practice and policy.

Football Versus National Service: A Case Study Exploration of Facebook Comments on the Ben Davis Saga

Singaporean footballer Ben Davis applied for deferment from national service (NS) in order to pursue his dream of playing in the English Premier League. However, his deferment request was rejected by the Ministry of Defense, and there was a sizable national debate on whether Davis should be granted the deferment. The study sought to use the Ben Davis saga as a case study to provide an exploration of public opinion toward various issues relating to sport and society. A total of 14,093 comments were extracted from various news sources on Facebook, and a randomized sample of 1,875 comments was used for the final analysis. The constant comparative methodology was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the comments. The analysis produced four higher order themes: (a) sport in Singapore, (b) role and relevance of NS, (c) national interest versus individual choice, and (d) perception of new citizens and foreign talent.

Exploring parent-athlete sport related communication outside of the sport environment with the Electronically Activated Recorder

ObjectivesThe purpose of the current study was to explore parent-athlete sport-related conversations as they naturally occurred in the private contexts that surround youth sport. A secondary aim was to understand whether male and female guardians communicate differently in sport, and whether these differences are shaped by the contexts in which they appear. DesignWe used the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) to gather snippets of parents' and athletes' daily social interactions in the contexts that surround youth sport. A total of 220 audio files were gathered in the car ride to and from competition, the ice hockey arena, and at their home base (i.e., family residence of local teams and hotels for out-of-town teams) over the course of a 3-day competitive ice hockey tournament. Conversations were inductively coded using reflexive thematic analysis through a critical realist lens. ResultsHigher order themes included (a) performance-related dialogue; (b) the opportunity to discuss other social agents, and (c) parental social support. Frequency analysis revealed more instances of negative evaluations and technical instruction from fathers, whereas positive encouragement was more prominent from mothers. ConclusionThese findings present novel insight into the nature of parent-athlete interactions outside of the immediate sport-competition environment. We encourage scholars to consider the EAR for future investigation of the youth sport environment.

БІБЛІЙНІ ТА МІСІОНЕРСЬКІ СЮЖЕТИ В ОЗДОБЛЕННІ ГАРНІЗОННОГО ХРАМУ СВЯТИХ АПОСТОЛІВ ПЕТРА І ПАВЛА У ЛЬВОВІ (КОЛИШНІЙ КОСТЕЛ ЄЗУЇТІВ)

After the former Jesuit Church, now the Garrison Church was opened in 2011, the need to explore and reinterpret its historical and cultural heritage arose. This was primarily caused by the process of church renovation which started in 2012. At the same time, the well-preserved interiors and exteriors of the church are of significant research interest. In particular, the art and religious culture of the society of the XVII-XIX century and not only in Lviv. It is known that until 1946 the church belonged to the Society of Jesus, a monastic order that operated all over the world. Under the influence of various cultures, a particular art culture of the order was slowly formed. It consisted of local plots and those that had a general meaning for the whole order with its own ideological load. Besides, the church as a place of worship/man’s encounter with God should have also had a biblical meaning. A combination of order and biblical themes in church decoration created a comprehensive image in which the order is the bearer of Christian ideas laid down in the Bible. This statement provides the opportunity to view decorations in the Garrison Church and in churches in general as a certain ideological construct that was supposed to “declare” specific “messages” incorporated in a fresco, a sculpture, and an icon, etc. Therefore, studying and interpreting church decorations makes it possible to understand, at least partially, the ideological motive of its author. Hence, it becomes easier to understand the art and religious culture of the society, particularly in the XVII-XIXcenturies. Considering the abovementioned, this article is an attempt to interpret the decorations of Saints Peter and Paul Garrison Church (the former Jesuit Church), a significant part of which consists of biblical and missionary plots.

Sources of Nutrition Information in Recreational Ultra-marathon Runners: A Mixed Methods Analysis

Ultra-marathon events (i.e., .42.2-km) continue to grow in popularity; however, little is known regarding the sources of nutrition information which inform their beliefs and habits. The objective of this study was to characterize the acquisition of sport-specific nutrition information among ultra-endurance athletes using a mixed methods design. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three primary higher order themes were identified: Optimal Diet for Ultra-Endurance Athletes, Common Sources of Information, and Barriers to Scientific Information. Then, a self-report inventory (Sources of Nutrition Information-SONI questionnaire) was developed to assess common sources of nutrition information and characterize their beliefs about those sources. Likert-type questions were used, and primary sources were scored out of 3, sub-questions out of 5. Differences between sources were assessed using RM-ANOVA. Participants (N = 224) accessed, responded to, and submitted the survey via a secure, study-specific web-based link. Peer reviewed literature was reported as the most frequently used (mean score = 1.64, p < 0.001), credible (3.02, p < 0.001), and interesting (2.62, p < 0.002). Social media was the most accessible (2.81, p < 0.001), but the least credible (1.87, p < 0.001). While social media was perceived less credible than other sources, its accessibility could make it a promising tool to provide evidence-based nutrition information to this population.

The Subjective Experience of Living with Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Ethnography of Qualitative Literature.

Background:A better understanding of the subjective experience of living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the factors that influence this experience can be used to improve wellbeing of people with PD (PwP).Objective:To gain more insight in the subjective experience of PD from the PwP’s perspective, and the factors that contribute to this experience.Methods:In this qualitative review, we performed a systematic search of qualitative studies discussing the subjective experience of PD and extracted reported themes (first order themes). Using a meta-ethnographic approach, we categorized the first order themes into second order themes, and created a third order construct: a holistic model of the subjective experience of living with PD.Results:We included 20 studies with a total sample of 279 PwP. Data-extraction yielded 227 first order themes, which were categorized into the second order themes: 1) Awareness, 2) Disruption, 3) Adjustment, 4) The external environment, and 5) The changing self. With these themes, we developed the “model of dialectic change” which conceptualizes life with PD as a transformative journey, wherein PwP employ strategies to stabilize their changeable relationship with their external environment, while simultaneously redefining their self-concept.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that not only the symptoms of PD, but also the manner in which these cause disruptions in the PwP’s interaction with their personal environment and self-concept, determine the subjective experience of PD andquality of life. Some PwP experience problems with adjusting, resulting in psychological distress. This calls for a holistic, multidisciplinary and participatory approach of PD.

What tactical and technical comments do coaches make during netball matches? A content analysis in netball

ABSTRACT In sport, an “explosion” of information has meant that coaches may not have the time or cognitive resources to integrate it effectively into their decision-making. Research suggests that a disconnect exists between the information provided from the “sport scientist to coach”, and subsequently between “coach to player”. Further investigation is required to determine the detail within the tactical and technical instruction, with the aim of creating better alignment and implementation between the performance data collected and actual coach requirements during a game. Using inductive content analysis, with an independent researcher acting as a “critical friend”, themes and dimensions were extracted from audio recordings of six coaches’ (ANZ Premiership netball) conversations during competition. Analysis of the transcribed recordings found that the coaches discussed the technical and tactical elements of the game 695 times, within five general dimensions; movement (38.4%), actions (23.9%), positioning (17.3%), possession outcomes (10.6%) and strategy (9.8%). Within these 5 dimensions there were 17 higher order themes including; and 56 lower order themes. This study shows five dimensions that a performance analyst can use when designing data collection workflows. These themes are discussed in relation to the latest performance analysis literature and highlight the need for further research into the data sources that can provide information about them.