Orange Oil Research Articles

The effects of aromatherapy on the mood state and resilience of pregnant women: A clinical trial.

Pregnancy has always been associated with rapid physiological, emotional, and social changes that can cause mothers' stress and anxiety, eventually leading to psychological effects. Therefore, resilience and knowing how to deal with stress during pregnancy are of great importance. As a result, this study aimed to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on pregnant women's mood and resilience. This clinical trial study was conducted on 70 pregnant women in 2021. Participants were randomly selected from Isfahan's health centers and then divided into two groups. A handkerchief sprinkled with orange blossom essential oil was given to the experimental group to inhale for an hour, three times a week for a month. However, the control group received only the usual care. The mood state and resilience of the participants were evaluated before the intervention, immediately after, and also one month after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPPS) 24.0, independent-samples t-test, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U-test. According to the results, the score of mood state in the experimental group was 60/97±14/26 before the intervention, 40/97±14/30 immediately after receiving the intervention, and 49/86±11/78 one month after the intervention. These findings indicated that the score of mood state in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0/05). Moreover, the mean score of resilience in the experimental group was 60/83±13/02 before the intervention, 66/54±7/85 immediately after receiving the intervention, and 62/80±8/07 one month after the intervention. The results showed that the mean score of this variable was significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group immediately after the intervention and insignificantly higher than the control group one month after the intervention. Aromatherapy with orange blossom oil can enhance mothers' mood state and resilience during the third trimester. As a result, orange blossom oil can be used as a complementary therapy.

Validating the protective role of orange and tangerine peel extracts foramending food safety against microorganisms’ contamination using molecular docking

Latest studies indicated that agro-food wastes are considered renewable sources of bioactive compounds. This investigation aimed to utilize natural extracts of citrus peels as antimicrobial and anti-aflatoxigenic agents for food safety. The bioactivity of two citrus peels was assessed by total phenolic, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Nanoemulsions were manufactured using high-speed homogenization. The mean particle size of the nanoemulsions ranged from 29.41 to 66.41 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.11–0.16. The zeta potential values ranged from −14.27 to −26.74 mV, indicating stability between 81.44% and 99.26%. The orange peel extract showed the highest contents of total phenolic and flavonoids compared to the other extracts and nanoemulsions (39.54 mg GAE/g and 79.54 mg CE/100 g, respectively), which agreed with its potential antioxidant activity performed by DPPH free radical–scavenging and ABTS assays. Chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and catechin were the dominant phenolic acids in the extracts and nanoemulsions, while quercitrin, rutin, and hesperidin were the most abundant flavonoids. Limonene was the major volatile component in both oils; however, it was reduced dramatically from 92.52% to 76.62% in orange peel oil and from 91.79 to 79.12% in tangerine peel oil. Consistent with the differences in phenolics, flavonoids, and volatiles between orange and tangerine peel extracts, the antibacterial properties of orange extracts had more potential than tangerine ones. Gram-positive bacteria were more affected by all the examined extracts than Gram-negative ones. The antifungal activity of orange extract and nanoemulsion on seven fungal strains from Aspergillus spp had more potential than tangerine extracts. Additionally, using a simulated media, the orange peel extract and its nanoemulsion had a more anti-aflatoxigenic influence. Molecular docking confirmed the high inhibitory action of flavonoids, especially hesperidin, on the polyketide synthase (−9.3 kcal/mol) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (−10.1 kcal/mol) key enzymes of the aflatoxin biosynthetic mechanism.

Analisis GC-MS Minyak Atsiri dan Uji Antioksidan Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) Sebagai Lip Balm

Antioxidants are chemicals that can inhibit or stop other molecules from oxidizing. Antioxidants can be found in the fruit known as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Orange peel essential oil is utilized in processed foods, medicines, cosmetics, and aromatherapy in the medical field. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the chemical content and antioxidant potential of sweet orange peel to be used as a lip balm. Processing sweet orange peel, steam distillation of essential oil, GC-MS analysis, formulating lip balm preparation, assessing lip balm preparation, and measuring antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer and DPPH technique, were part of this study. Essential oil from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis L.) was analyzed using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy), and the results obtained in this study were 1.4 - Cyclohexadiene, 1 - methyl. The lip balm formulation containing essential oil was evaluated as the most preferred formulation. The IC50 value of sweet orange peel essential oil was determined to be 85.2595386 ppm, which converts the antioxidant to strong.

Citrus Essential Oils as Potential Insecticides Against Thrips flavus

Background: Essential oils (EOs) are recognized for their potent insecticidal activity and are widely considered promising agents for pest control. Methods: The insecticidal activity of seven commercial citrus EOs against the global phytophagous pest Thrips flavus was evaluated using bioassays conducted under laboratory conditions. Moreover, the chemical composition of these EOs was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Among the 45 identified compounds, the major constituents were d-limonene (23.77%– 95.10%), methyl jasmonate (38.76%), and linalyl acetate (34.55%). Orange flower oil, sweet orange oil, tangerine peel oil, bergamot oil, lime oil, lemon oil, and grapefruit oil exhibited good insecticidal activity against T. flavus without demonstrating significant repellent activity. Orange flower oil and sweet orange oil showed higher insecticidal toxicity, with LC50 values of 0.20 g/L and 0.37 g/L, respectively. In pot experiments, the higher control efficacy against T. flavus was found after 7 days of treatment for orange flower oil (91.14±1.27% at 720.00 g a.i.·hm−2 and 100% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), sweet orange oil (91.14±5.52% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), tangerine peel oil (96.20±2.19% at 720 g a.i.·hm−2 and 100% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), lemon oil (96.20±2.19% at 900 g a.i.·hm−2), and lime oil (97.47±2.53% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2). Conclusion: Taken together, orange flower oil and tangerine peel oil, which were found to contain d-limonene and methyl jasmonate, demonstrated rapid and more effective insecticidal activity compared to the other EOs tested, which makes these two EOs promising alternatives to chemical insecticides.

Kayısı Bahçelerinde Kullanılan Bazı Pestisitlerin Laboratuvar Koşullarında Exochomus nigromaculatus (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)’a Karşı Yan Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Several harmful pest species can cause damage to apricot trees. Chemical control is the often preferred method in controlling these pests. The use of pesticides has generally resulted in pesticide resistance and elimination of natural enemies. Exochomus nigromaculatus is a predatory insect of globose scale and other scale insects. Inappropriate use of pesticides has been linked with adverse effects on non-target organisms (e.g., reduction of beneficial species populations and increase of pest populations). This study evaluated the side effects of five insecticides (Acetamiprid, deltamethrin, spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor, dimethoate) and a plant extract (orange oil) on immature stages of E. nigromaculatus using dry film method. Acetamiprid and deltamethrin caused the highest mortality rate (97.3%) besides standard toxic dimethoate. Sulfoxaflor accounted for approximately 70% mortality to E. nigromaculatus. In contrast, spirotetramat and orange oil caused less than 20% mortality to the predator. As a result of the dry film method applied against the pre-adult stage of E. nigromaculatus; dimethoate was classified as harmful (class 4), acetamiprid and deltamethrin were classified as moderately harmful (class 3), sulfoxaflor were classified as less harmful, (class 2) while spirotetramat and orange oil were classified as harmless. Thus, it was concluded that spirotetramat and orange oil did not have a negative effect on the predatory insect, E. nigromaculatus and could be used safely in IPM programs.

Essential oils: a systematic review on revolutionizing health, nutrition, and omics for optimal well-being.

Essential oils from various plants have diverse therapeutic properties and are researched extensively. They have applications in medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology, agriculture, livestock, and the food industry, benefiting the population. This systematic review followed the PRISMA verification protocol. The study focused on the anti-inflammatory effects, nutraceutical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oils in lemon, orange, cumin, cinnamon, coriander, rosemary, thyme, and parsley. We also looked at their presence in the diet, their effect, their mechanism of action on health, and the most important active compounds. The search was conducted in the PubMed database for the last 12 years of publications, including in vitro, in vivo, and online cell model tests. Essential oils have been shown to have multiple health benefits, primarily due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism of action of cinnamon oil alters bacterial membranes, modifies lipid profiles, and inhibits cell division, giving a potential benefit in protection against colitis. On the other hand, a significant improvement was observed in the diastolic pressure of patients with metabolic syndrome when supplementing them with cumin essential oil. The antimicrobial properties of coriander essential oil, especially its application in seafood like tilapia, demonstrate efficacy in improving health and resistance to bacterial infections. Cumin essential oil treats inflammation. Parsley essential oil is an antioxidant. Orange peel oil is antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and pro-oxidative. Lemon essential oil affects mouse intestinal microbiota. Thyme essential oil protects the colon against damage and DNA methylation. Carnosic acid in rosemary oil can reduce prostate cancer cell viability by modifying the endoplasmic reticulum function. Essential oils have many therapeutic and antiparasitic properties. They are beneficial to human health in many ways. However, to understand their potential benefits, more research is needed regarding essential oils such as coriander, parsley, rosemary, cumin, and thyme. These research gaps are relevant since they restrict understanding of the possible benefits of these crucial oils for health-related contexts.

KASTURI ORANGE PEEL (CITRUS MICROCARPA BUNGE) ESSENTIAL OIL: CHEMICAL PROFILE, FORMULATION AS ROLL-ON AROMATHERAPY AND ITS EVALUATION

Objective: Kasturi orange (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) is widely cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. The fruit's flesh is a good source of vitamin C. Essential oil of kasturi orange peel is one of the ingredients used as a raw material for aromatherapy roll-on preparations. Roll-on aromatherapy is currently widely used by various age groups. This research aims to determine the content of kasturi oil, its formulation as a roll-on aromatherapy preparation, and its physical evaluation.&#x0D; Methods: The essential oil of kasturi orange peel was extracted using the distillation method, and then the physicochemical properties were examined. The chemical content of the oil was analyzed using GC-MS. The roll-on aromatherapy preparation formulas were made by varying concentrations of kasturi oil, F0 (0%), F1 (4%), F2 (6%), and F3 (10%). Additional substances used were menthol, camphor, patchouli oil, and virgin coconut oil. Patchouli oil was used in this preparation to make the aroma last longer. Evaluation of roll-on aromatherapy preparations includes organoleptic tests, pH tests, specific gravity, viscosity, clarity, and stability.&#x0D; Results: From the extraction results, the percentage yield of essential kasturi oil was 0.55% v/w, with a density of 0.85 g/ml and a refractive index of 1.469. From the chromatogram results, there were 18 compounds in kasturi oil; the largest component was D-limonene (32.59%). Physical evaluation results of all roll-on aromatherapy formulas had met the requirements.&#x0D; Conclusion: From the chromatogram results, there were 18 compounds in kasturi oil, with the largest component were D-limonene (32.59%). Formula F3 had the best aroma intensity, approximately for 5 h, with a slightly strong aroma, and physical evaluation results of all roll-on aromatherapy formulas had met the requirements.

Bacteriolytic activity of ruminal protozoa is affected by rate and type of common essential oils: Effect of thyme oil

Over the past two decades, research into the effects of essential oils (EOs) on rumen microorganisms as an alternative to antibiotics has intensified. Yet, there are few investigations on rumen protozoa. To evaluate if EOs have antiprotozoal efficacy against rumen protozoa, the present investigation was conducted. Using the potentiality of rumen protozoa to digest 14C-labeled bacteria, the influence of EOs on in vitro protozoal activity was determined. For the study, orange peel, cinnamon, laurel, oleaster, garlic, and thyme essential oils were selected. Control (without essential oil), 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 5000 mg/kg dosages were used. Except for garlic oil, all essential oils showed a notable effect on antiprotozoal activity. The highest antiprotozoal impact was reported at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses of thyme oil, with respective reductions of 89.1% and 84.8% in bacteria degraded by protozoa. Cinnamon and oleaster oils had the strongest antiprotozoal efficacy at a concentration of 5000 mg/kg. At 5000 mg/kg doses of oleaster and cinnamon oils, the quantity of 14C-labeled bacteria degraded by protozoa was reduced by 96% compared to the group that served as the control. In conclusion, orange peel, cinnamon, laurel, oleaster, and thyme oils demonstrated remarkable in vitro antiprotozoal activity; however, more comprehensive research is required to analyse the effects of the EOs used in this study on rumen living groups such as protozoa, bacteria, and yeast and on rumen dynamics.

Three new Pyrenula species with 3-septate ascospores with red or orange oil when over-mature (Ascomycota, Pyrenulales, Pyrenulaceae) from China.

The lichenised fungal genus Pyrenula is a very common crustose lichen element in tropical to subtropical forests, but little research has been done on this genus in China. During our study on Pyrenula in China, based on morphological characteristics, chemical traits and molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS and nuLSU), three new 3-septate species with red or orange oil in over-mature ascospores were found: Pyrenulainspersasp. nov., P.thailandicoidessp. nov. and P.apiculatasp. nov. Compared to the known 3-septate species of Pyrenula with red or orange oil, P.inspersa is characterised by the inspersed hamathecium; P.thailandicoides is characterised by the IKI+ red hamathecium and the existence of an unknown lichen substance; and P.apiculata is characterised by the absence of endospore layers in the spore tips and the absence of pseudocyphellae. It is reported for the first time that the presence of a gelatinous halo around the ascospores of Pyrenula is common. A word key for the Pyrenula species with red or orange oil in over-mature ascospores is provided.

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene micro‐ribbon fibers gel spun using orange terpenes

AbstractToxic, hazardous petrochemical solvents are commonly used for industrial‐scale ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber production, but orange terpenes, a byproduct of orange fruit production, present a bio‐derived, sustainable alternative. In this work, fine UHMWPE fibers were spun using orange terpenes as the spin solvent, hot‐drawn at a draw ratio of 5:1, investigated for their morphology, microstructure, and thermal and mechanical properties. The resulting fibers exhibited a flat, micro‐ribbon cross‐section, which is highly desirable for achieving high fiber volume fractions in UHMWPE‐fiber reinforced composites. After drawing, the fibers possessed 4× greater breaking tenacity than any previously published studies on UHMWPE fibers spun using orange terpenes with a tenacity of 8.6 cN/dtex and tensile modulus of 229.2 cN/dtex. Microstructural analysis via differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction revealed that the hot drawing process significantly increased molecular orientation, but crystallinity decreased due to crystallite melting during drawing. Therefore, the mechanical properties of these fibers may be significantly improved with optimization of the fiber drawing process. This work establishes the strong potential of orange terpenes as an environmentally‐friendly alternative solvent for UHMWPE gel spinning and sets a foundation for future parametric optimization of the spinning and drawing of these fibers.Highlights Micro‐ribbon ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers were prepared using bio‐solvent orange terpenes. Flat profile enables tight packing, aspect ratio maintained after drawing. Drawn fibers were 4× stronger than any previous work with orange terpenes. Near‐melt drawing reduced crystallinity, improved molecular alignment.

Encapsulación por inclusión molecular del aceite esencial de naranja: Efecto del método de secado en las características físicas, químicas, estructurales y estabilidad

Previous investigations suggested the orange essential oil as antimicrobial and natural antioxidant; however, the high volatility and sensibility due to extern factors are imitating its applications. Thus, the encapsulation is an ideal alternative of protection for essentials oils and the molecular inclusion has greater advantages compared to others, but the drying method and temperature can influence its characteristics and stability. Therefore, the orange essential oil was microencapsulated into beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and was evaluated the effect of drying by stove, lyophilization and atomization (160, 180 and 200 °C) on humidity, water activity, encapsulation efficiency, yield, and stability (82% relative humidity for 36 days). The microparticles were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The best drying method was lyophilization achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 97,35%, humidity 1,76%, water activity 0,54, and low hygroscopicity 0,20%. The results by FTIR found the formation and loss of some bonds between orange essential oil and beta-cyclodextrin, probably by effect of temperature. The lyophilized microparticles presented best stability with final efficiency of 52,53% with low humidity and water activity. This study makes it possible to establish the best drying method in cases of molecular inclusion, which may be useful in future applications when developing products.

Variation of the essential oil components of Citrus aurantium leaves upon using different distillation techniques and evaluation of their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer’s disease

Citrus fruit essential oil is considered one of the widely studied essential oils while its leaves attract less attention although being rich in nearly the same composition as the peel and flowers. The leaves of bitter orange or sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were extracted using three different techniques namely; hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and microwave-assisted distillation (MV) to compare their chemical composition. The three essential oil samples were analyzed through GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. The samples were tested in vitro using different antioxidant techniques (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, PBD, and MCA), neuroprotective enzyme inhibitory activities (acetylcholine and butyl choline enzymes), and antidiabetic activities (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). The results showed that thirty-five volatile ingredients were detected and quantified. Monoterpenes represented the most abundant class in the three essential oils followed by sesquiterpenes. C. aurantium essential oil carried potential antioxidant activity where SD exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with values arranged in the following order: FRAP (200.43 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (138.69 mg TE/g), ABTS (129.49 mg TE/g), and DPPH (51.67 mg TE/g). SD essential oil also presented the most potent α-amylase (0.32) inhibition while the MV essential oil showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (2.73 mmol ACAE/g), followed by HD (2.53 mmol ACAE/g), and SD (2.46 mmol ACAE/g). The SD essential oil exhibited the highest BChE and AChE inhibitory activities (3.73 and 2.06 mg GALAE/g), respectively). Thus, bitter orange essential oil can act as a potential source of potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities for future drug leads.

Effectiveness of Plant-based Repellents against different Anopheles Species: a Systematic Review

Abstract: The deadliest pest that humans are aware of is the mosquito. One of the best ways to lower sickness is to avoid mosquito bites. In daily life, we utilize a variety of synthetic mosquito repellents; nevertheless, prolonged use of these repellents can pose health and environmental risks. Many plants have been utilized as fumigants, insecticidal agents, and repellents since ancient times. The majority of plants include phytochemicals that act as insect repellent, shielding them from numerous insect attacks. The study presented in this paper aims to create herbal insect repellent formulations that are both safe and effective. Insecticides used in the past included neem oil, camphor, orange peel powder, and orange seeds. There are numerous applications for the dehydrated peels of citrus fruits in pest management. An effective repellent is orange oil, which is derived from orange peels. Linalool, a widely used flavouring agent and ingredient in perfumes, exhibits insect repellent qualities in addition to its olfactory qualities. Furthermore, it has been included into flammable items and topical therapies. It can be used in place of synthetic repellent because it has little risk of negative effects and benefits human health. The purpose of our study is to look into the phytochemical extracts from herbal products' repelling properties.

Estimation of Digital Porosity of Electrospun Veils by Image Analysis.

The present work reports on an empirical mathematical expression for predicting the digital porosity (DP) of electrospun nanofiber veils, employing emulsions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) and olive and orange oils. The electrospun nanofibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), observing orientation and digital porosity (DP) in the electrospun veils. To determine the DP of the veils, the SEM micrographs were transformed into a binary system, and then the threshold was established, and the nanofiber solid surfaces were emphasized. The relationship between the experimental results and those obtained with the empirical mathematical expression displayed a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.97 by employing threshold II. The mathematical expression took into account experimental variables such as the nanofiber humidity and emulsion conductivity prior to electrospinning, in addition to the corresponding operation conditions. The results produced with the proposed expression showed that the prediction of the DP of the electrospun veils was feasible with the considered thresholds.

Degradation study of the trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene biopesticides and their metabolites in cucumber by GC and UHPLC-HRMS: Laboratory and greenhouse studies

Degradation of trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene in cucumber was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Two commercial biopesticides, one based on cinnamon extract and other from orange oil, were utilized. Compound degradation was monitored using gas chromatography (GC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-high-resolution mass analyzer (Q-Orbitrap). In both studies, trans-cinnamaldehyde followed a second-order degradation kinetics, whereas limonene followed a first-order kinetics. The half-life values (DT50 or t1/2) for trans-cinnamaldehyde ranged from 2.02 to 2.49 h, while for limonene this value ranged from 0.49 to 6.17 h. Non-targeted analysis (suspect and unknown modes) allowed for the detection of trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene metabolites. Benzyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, p-tolylacetic acid and 4-hydoxycinnamic acid were tentatively identified as trans-cinnamaldehyde metabolites. While three limonene metabolites, carvone, limonene-1,2-epoxide, and perillyl alcohol, were tentatively identified. Greenhouse studies have not revealed any metabolites of these compounds because the parent compounds degrade more quickly.

Assessment of applying an integrated pest management strategy to control the raspberry leaf and bud mite, Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.) and its effect on the raspberry leaf metabolites

In the years 2018‒2020, the effectiveness of three synthetic active substances (acequinocyl, fenpyroximate, spirodiclofen), one substance derived from Streptomyces spp. (abamectin), a plant extract (orange oil) and silicone polymers in controlling Phyllocoptes gracilis in two Polish raspberry plantations (v. ‘Glen Ample’) was assessed. All the substances showed high and comparable efficacy against the tested pest, significantly reducing its population. However, their effects occurred at different times after the application. The strongest immediate control was shown by silicone polymers, followed by abamectin and spirodiclofen. The full effect of fenpyroximate application was visible after approx. 2 weeks, while acequinocyl was effective 3‒4 weeks after the application. Moreover, the content of phenolic compounds, sterols and triterpenoids was determined in leaves of plants treated with spirodiclofen, orange oil and silicone polymers. The observed increase in the content of salicylic acid and changes in the content of triterpenoids in leaves may indicate a stimulating effect of the substances to the natural defense processes of plants.

A novel antioxidant and antimicrobial food packaging based on Eudragit ®/collagen electrospun nanofiber incorporated with bitter orange peel essential oil

A novel nanofiber for potential use in food packaging was developed by blending Eudragit ® (Eu) and collagen (Co) at varying ratios. Among these blends, Eu/Co nanofiber with a 70:30 ratio was identified as the optimal composition due to its bead-free morphology, fine fiber diameter (279.6 nm), high tensile stress (6.9 MPa), desirable water contact angle (WCA) of 72.18°, low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 423.51 g/m2 × 24 h, and favorable porosity (65.4%). To further enhance its properties, bitter orange peel essential oil (BE) (up to 100 μL/mL) was incorporated into the optimal blend, resulting in a reduced fiber diameter (211.6 nm), increased tensile stress (8.5 MPa), and enhanced porosity (73.5%). Moreover, BE induced potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in the nanofibers, effectively inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria while scavenging up to 50% of DPPH radicals, respectively. Importantly, none of the nanofiber samples exhibited cytotoxicity toward Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) over a 72-h period, demonstrating their biocompatibility. These findings highlight the suitability of Eu and Co-based nanofibers enriched with bioactive compounds like BE for use in food packaging applications.

Essential Oils and their Components in Combating Fungal Pathogens of Human Skin-lipophilic Yeast Malassezia furfur

The most common problem of modern medicine is the development of increasing antifungal drug resistance nowadays including fungal infections of the skin and its appendages caused by dermatomycetes, yeast-like fungi, and molds so, there will be a need for alternative antifungal treatment. Natural substances with high antifungal properties like essential oils and their components show potential in this regard. Citrus lemon and Citrus sinensis essential oils were screened against Malassezia furfur by disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined by Modified Microdilution method. Citrus lemon (lemon) and Citrus sinensis (orange) show excellent inhibitory effects on the lipophilic, yeast-like fungus Malassezia furfur which causes Pityriasis versicolor, a chronic superficial fungal disease of the skin. The diameter of the inhibition zone was found to be 70 mm and 60 mm respectively. Malassezia furfur was found to be resistant against Clotrimazole &amp; Ketoconazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lemon and orange oil against Malassezia furfur was found to be 0.6 µl/ml and 0.8 µl/ml. These findings concluded that the use of Citrus lemon (lemon) and Citrus sinensis (orange) oil showed remarkable and excellent antifungal activity, and can be used as a traditional herbal medicine for the control of Pityriasis versicolor infection of the skin after undergoing clinical trials.

GC-MS Analysis and Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus paradisi, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus sinensis Peel Essential Oils as Hand Sanitizer.

In the setting of healthcare, the use of hand sanitizers and antiseptics for hand hygiene is of paramount importance to avoid transfer of pathogenic microorganism through hand and skin contact. There is an increasing interest in the incorporation of essential oils in hand sanitizer's formula to avoid the adverse effect of conventional hand sanitizers on health. This study aimed to detect the chemical constituents of citrus peel essential oils and study their antimicrobial activity compared with commercial hand sanitizers. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hydrodistillated essential oils of peels of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and orange (Citrus sinensis) were carried out using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method was used to screen the antibacterial activity of the essential oils against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans compared with a 78% alcohol-based commercial hand sanitizer. The antimicrobial testing results were statistically analyzed. The highest yield percentage of the obtained essential oils was 1.09% obtained by orange oil. The GC-MS analysis indicated that monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons occupied the largest portion of the chemical composition of the three essential oils with D-limonene as the most predominant component. All essential oils showed activity against all tested organisms. Lime essential oil showed comparable antimicrobial activity relative to the commercial 78% alcohol hand sanitizer. In conclusion, essential oils obtained from citrus fruit peel represent a rich source of compounds possessing antimicrobial properties and could be an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.

The Potency of Locally Available Orange Peel Essential Oil as A Feed Additive to Improve Performances of Poultry

Indonesia as a tropical country has several orange varieties grown in the archipelago. The peel which contributes about 10 – 14% of the whole orange, is a potential waste to be utilized for making essential oil useful as an Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) for poultry. Therefore, elaborative research is needed, because there are about 258 oranges from the genus citrus only. Since, many methods have been developed, to find a cheap method for the extraction of essential oil, and then protect the oil from evaporating before being implemented as a feed additive. Some foreign research on the use of orange peel essential oil shows prospective results. It is expected then, that the use of local orange peel essential oil will enable to replace the use of imported essential oil which is more expensive to the feed mills industry.