Orange Fruit Research Articles

Testing effects of vapor pressure deficit on fruit growth: a comparative approach using peach, mango, olive, orange, and loquat.

Determining the influence of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on fruit growth is a key issue under a changing climate scenario. Using a comparative approach across different fruit tree species may provide solid indications of common or contrasting plant responses to environmental factors. Knowing fruit growth responses to VPD may also be useful to optimize horticultural management practices under specific atmospheric conditions. Climate data to calculate VPD and fruit relative growth rates (RGR) by fruit gauges were monitored in peach at cell division, pit hardening and cell expansion stages; in two mango cultivars at cell division, cell expansion and maturation stages; in two olive cultivars, either full irrigated or rainfed, at early and late cell expansion stages; in 'Valencia' orange at early and late cell division stage, before and after mature fruit harvest; in loquat at cell expansion and maturation stages. At the fruit cell division stage, sensitivity of fruit growth to VPD seems to vary with species, time, and probably soil and atmospheric water deficit. 'Keitt' mango and 'Valencia' orange fruit growth responded to VPD in opposite ways, and this could be due to very different time of the year and VPD levels in the monitoring periods of the two species. At pit hardening stage of peach fruit growth, a relatively weak relationship was observed between VPD and RGR, and this is not surprising as fruit growth in size at this stage slows down significantly. A consistent and marked negative relationship between VPD and RGR was observed at cell expansion stage, when fruit growth is directly depending on water intake driving cell turgor. Another behavior common to all observed species was the gradual loss of relationship between VPD and RGR at the onset of fruit maturation, when fruit growth in size is generally programmed to stop. Finally, regardless of fruit type, VPD may have a significant effect on fruit growth and could be a useful parameter to be monitored for tree water management mainly when the cell expansion process prevails during fruit growth.

Fostering empowerment and building capacities of rural women through community-based agroindustry: A case study in Donowarih Village, Indonesia

Donowarih village, located in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, is closed to the Universitas Brawijaya’s Educational Forest (known as UB Forest). The village has various potential local commodities such as orange fruits and batik. During harvesting season, the price of orange fruits declined, and inadequate storage system has led to a rapid deterioration of orange fruits. Furthermore, various problems faced by the community, such as poverty and lack of knowledge/skills, are becoming the major challenges to be tackled. On the other hand, orange fruits and batik are potential to be diversified into high value-added products, which can be done through the introduction of post-harvesting technology and trainings for skills improvement. Furthermore, the Indonesian Government program of one village one product (OVOP) is becoming key drivers to any community engagement program in Indonesia.

Effect of post-harvest treatments on shelf life and physico-chemical changes of orange fruits

Effect of post-harvest treatments on shelf life and physico-chemical changes of orange fruits

ASE-UNet: An Orange Fruit Segmentation Model in an Agricultural Environment Based on Deep Learning

ASE-UNet: An Orange Fruit Segmentation Model in an Agricultural Environment Based on Deep Learning

Effect of Anti-Transpiration Inhibitors Copper and Chitosan, Pomegranate Peel and Thyme Leaves Extracts and Storage Period on the Chemical Traits of Local Orange Fruits

This experiment was conducted in a special refrigerated store in the city of Baquba, Diyala Province, for the season 2021-2022. The study showed the effect of treatments (plant extracts and anti-transpiration agents) and the duration of storage on the storage characteristics of the local orange fruits, Citrus sinensis L. The experiment was conducted from 1/12/2021 to 1/3/2022. Where the fruits were harvested by the manual method using manual scissors and cutting the fruits from the fruit bearer at the level of the surface of the fruit from a private orchard in the city of Jdeidet Al-Shat, Diyala Province, where a group of fruits was immersed in pomegranate peel powder extract in two concentrations (3 and 9 g.L-1) for 15 minutes. Another group dipped in thyme leaf extract at two concentrations (6 and 9 g.L-1) for 15 minutes, another group dipped in chitosan at a concentration of 2 g.L-1 for two minutes, and a group dipped in Disper Cu max at a concentration of 3 g.L-1 for two minutes. The control treatment was immersed in distilled water, and the fruits were packed in polyethylene bags of one-kilo size, perforated with 16 holes, and stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of (4∓0.5) C and relative humidity of 80-85% for three months. The results were analyzed in the laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering of the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala, and the experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that the treatment with chitosan had the highest percentage of the total soluble solids (TSS) of the fruit and the percentage of total sugars. The treatment with pomegranate peel powder extract at a concentration of 3 g.L-1 and the treatment with chitosan excelled in the lowest percentage of resilient acidity.

Increasing the production and quality of the yield of Siam orange fruits in off-season period through the application of liquid organic and guano fertilizer

This research was conducted in Belantih Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, from October 2022 to June 2023. This research aimed to increase the production and quality of the yield of Siam orange through the application of liquid organic fertilizer from cow urine waste and guano fertilizer. This study used a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was liquid organic fertilizer from cow urine waste consist of 4 concentration levels, i.e., 0 ml/l (C0); 5 ml/l (C1); 10 ml/l (C2) and 15 ml/l (C3), while the second factor was guano fertilizer consists of 4 dose levels, i.e., 0 g/tree (G0); 1 kg/tree (G1); 2 kg/tree (G2) and 3 kg/tree (G3). The results showed that the interaction between concentration of cow urine waste liquid fertilizer and guano fertilizer doses had no significant effect on all observed variables. Liquid organic from cow urine waste fertilizer improved the yield and quality of the fruits of Siam orange in off-season period, reflected by the higher of harvested fruit weight per tree and weight per fruit at a concentration of 15 ml/l (13.20 kg and 126.32 g), or an increase of 81.32% and 28.14% than those of control (7.28 kg and 98.58 g). While in the Guano fertilizer treatment, the weight per fruit and the weight of the harvested fruit per tree were highest at the dose of 3 kg/tree (118.50 g and 12.64 kg), or an increase of 10.05% and 33.33% compared to the control (107.68 g and 9.48 kg).

Study on carotenoid content in berry fruits

In addition to ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, yellow, orange, and bright red fruit and berry crops contain carotenoids—antioxidant substances that have a positive effect on the human body. The article presents the results of studying the content of carotenoids in light-colored berry fruits: sea buckthorn, gooseberry, and red currant. Sea buckthorn was found to be the leader in the accumulation of this biologically active substance. In gooseberry and red currant, which have light-colored fruits, carotenoids are found in small amounts. The average carotenoid content is as follows: sea buckthorn – 4.98 ± 0.49 mg/100 g; gooseberry – 0.68 ± 0.07 mg/100 g; red currant – 0.33 ± 0.04 mg/100 g.The average content of carotenoids accumulated in sea buckthorn fruits varies significantly from 1.69 (Zheltoplodnaya) to 10.59 mg/100 g (ELS 8-51), with a variation interval of 8.90 mg/100 g and a variation coefficient of 46.0%. Of the studied varieties, elite and selected forms of sea buckthorn, specimens having a carotenoid content of over 6.00 mg/100 g in fruits were identified: Karamelka, Kenigsbergskaya, Podarok Chernozem’yu, Syurpriz Baltiki, ELS 8-51, and OS 8-51-44-20. In 31.8% of variety specimens, the carotenoid content in fruit was lower than the variety average (below 3.50 mg/100 g)– from 1.69 to 3.46 mg/100 g. Of breeding interest is the selected elite young plant 8-51 that accumulates the maximum amount of carotenoids in fruit (10.59 mg/100 g) and exhibits the studied trait stability (V = 10.9%). Gooseberry and red currant are of no breeding interest as sources of carotenoids.

Biological control of fruit rot of postharvest orange (Citrus aurantium) by aqueous plant extracts

Post-harvest rot symptoms caused by complex airborne fungi are nowadays the most serious threatening disease affecting orange fruits in Nigeria and presumably in many African countries. Experimental trials were conducted at the Department of Biological Sciences (Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria) from January to December 2022 to ascertain the pathogens associated with postharvest fruit rot of oranges (Citrus aurantium L.). Results of the pathogenic test revealed that Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. are pathogenic and produced the highest lesion diameter (38.67 and 40.33 mm, respectively) and disease severity index (88.67 and 94.33%, respectively). The frequency occurrence of Fusarium sp. (69.14%) and Penicillium sp. (50.62%) was the highest. Two aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica Juss. leaves and Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizomes (at 80% concentration) were evaluated for their antifungal activities against the pathogenic isolates under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed that A. indica and Z. officinale aqueous extracts exhibited the highest mycelial growth inhibition (>90%) of Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. Similarly, under in vivo assay minimum lesion diameter (≤ 6.37 mm) and disease severity index (≤11.13%) were recorded in these aqueous extracts. In conclusion, the application of A. indica and Z. officinale can provide an alternative to fungicides against Penicillium sp. + Fusarium sp.

An Acid-Free Alternative to Pectin Production from the Cell Walls of Olive Oil Waste and Different Fruits Using Choline Chloride.

The pectin from the cell walls of olive waste (alperujo) and apple, orange and strawberry fruits was extracted using choline chloride (ChCl) and the yield and chemical and structural compositions were compared to pectin extracted using citric acid (CA) and ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid (AOOA). According to the results, the alperujo pectin extracted using ChCl from alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) showed a higher yield (2.20-2.88% on the basis of dry weight of AIR) than using CA (0.65-1.22%) but lower than using AOOA (3.92-5.42%). For fruit pectin, the highest yield was obtained using CA (8.81-16%), followed by AOOA (5.4-6.63%), although for apple pectin, ChCl gave a similar yield (5.36%) to AOOA. The uronic acid contents in all ChCl pectins (45.9-70.6% dry basis AIR) were higher or similar to that of the other extracting agents (30.6-65.2%), although a lower level of neutral sugar side chains was detected, with a lower degree of branching and degree of methylation. The NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy of the pectin isolated using ChCl confirmed its slightly different structural composition with respect to CA and AOOA pectin. Therefore, depending on the source material and functionality, pectin isolated using ChCl could be an acid-free alternative to pectin production.

Insight into the Inhibitory Mechanisms of Hesperidin on α-Glucosidase through Kinetics, Fluorescence Quenching, and Molecular Docking Studies.

The α-glucosidase inhibitor is of interest to researchers due to its association with type-II diabetes treatment by suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. Hesperidin is a major flavonoid in orange fruit with diverse biological properties. This paper evaluates the effects of hesperidin on α-glucosidase through inhibitory kinetics, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking methods for the first time. The inhibition kinetic analysis shows that hesperidin reversibly inhibited the α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 18.52 μM and the inhibition was performed in an uncompetitive type. The fluorescence quenching studies indicate that the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching process and only one binding site was present between the hesperidin and α-glucosidase. The interaction between them was spontaneous and mainly driven by hydrogen bonds, as well as hydrophobic forces. Furthermore, the molecular docking results suggest that hesperidin might bond to the entrance or outlet part of the active site of α-glucosidase through a network of five hydrogen bonds formed between hesperidin and the four amino acid residues (Trp709, Arg422, Asn424, and Arg467) of α-glucosidase and the hydrophobic effects. These results provide new insight into the inhibitory mechanisms of hesperidin on α-glucosidase, supporting the potential application of a hesperidin-rich orange product as a hypoglycemic functional food.

Effect of Different Post-harvest Treatments on Shelf Life and Quality of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck.) Fruit#

Background: Several post-harvest treatments are used for extension of storage life of sweet orange fruits. The present investigation was carried out at Department of Horticulture, MPKV, Rahuri, during 2019-20 and 2020-21 in order to study the effect of different packaging materials and storage conditions on quality and shelf life of fresh fruit of sweet orange cv. Phule Mosambi. Methods: The experiment consists of six types of packaging materials viz., P1- Plyethylene bags (150 gauge), P2- PE paper coating bags, P3- LDPE (200 gauge), P4- Cotton bags, P5- Aluminum foil bags, P6- Nano silver-based bags and untreated control under two storage conditions viz., S1- Room temperature (RT) and S2- Cold storage (CS, 12±2°C and 90% RH) in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with three replications. Result: The data revealed that, the sweet orange fruits packed in nano silver-based bags and stored at cold storage i.e. P6S2 recorded significantly lowest PLW (7.81%) and spoilage (4.18%) with highest firmness (10.87 N), juice content (46.59%) and overall acceptability (8.73) at the end of storage life of 60 days.

Design and Analysis of a Solar Energy System for a Fruit Harvesting Robot in Pakistan

Abstract In order to meet the growing agricultural demands, modern machinery needs to be deployed and cheaper energy supply needs to be ensured. With advancements in artificial intelligence, fruit harvesting robots can improve both the quality and productivity of fruit picking and increase orange fruit exports. However, to ensure effective working of the fruit harvesting robot, an energy source that is both efficient and cost-effective is necessary. This paper aims at designing of a solar energy system for a lightweight fruit harvesting robot for orange orchards in Pakistan and conducting a feasibility study for the deployment of the robot for remote agricultural land. The site for fruit harvesting robot employment is decided by irradiance using random forest regression. Solar system sizing is done based on the design and energy requirements of the fruit harvesting robot. The Homer Pro software is used for simulation of the system to analyse the potential of using solar system for fruit harvesting robot in Sargodha, Pakistan. The results show that compared to hybrid system, a stand-alone system is a more cost effective, reliable, and efficient option with a payback time of 3.36 years and levelized cost of energy being $0.085 per unit kWh. This study proves that solar energy is a viable and cheaper solution for using modern agricultural machineries, like fruit harvesting robot, in remote areas in developing countries, like Pakistan, to enhance productivity and improving quality of the produce.

Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Composition of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Biodegraded Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Fruit Peel

Aims: To determine the nutrient digestibility and blood composition of broiler chickens fed biodegraded sweet orange fruit peel-based diets.
 Study Design: Completely randomized design.
 Place and Duration of Study: Livestock Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria; fifty-six days
 Methodology: Sweet orange peels and cattle rumen content were collected. Rumen content was mixed with water at a ratio 1 kg: 1 litre and sieved to get rumen filtrate (RF). RF was mixed with Sweet orange peels at a ratio of 1 litre: 2.5 kg and fermented for 48 hours, sun-dried, milled, and added to broiler diets at different levels: 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), 15% (T4), and 20% (T5). A total of 150 day-old chicks, randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and three replicates per treatment were raised in a 56-day feeding trial. Three chickens of average live body weight similar to the treatment group average were selected and used to determine nutrient digestibility and blood composition.
 Results: The results showed that the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen-free-extract did not differ significantly (P > .05) among the treatment groups. Haematological indices; haemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), did not differ significantly (P > .05) across the dietary groups, while white blood cell (WBC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) varied significantly (P < .05). Serum indices; total protein (TP), globulin, glucose, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly affected (P < .05) by the experimental diets, while albumin, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase did not differ significantly (P < .05) across the dietary groups.
 Conclusion: Biodegraded sweet orange peel-based diets can replace maize grains up to 20% without affecting nutrient digestibility or having any adverse effect on blood constituents of broiler chickens.

Comparison of the Antifungal Activity of Chlorine Dioxide, Peracetic Acid and Some Chemical Fungicides in Post-harvest Management of Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea Infecting Sweet Orange and Strawberry Fruits

Comparison of the Antifungal Activity of Chlorine Dioxide, Peracetic Acid and Some Chemical Fungicides in Post-harvest Management of Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea Infecting Sweet Orange and Strawberry Fruits

Use of Cellulase Obtained from Solid-State Fermentation of Orange and Passion Fruit Peels as an Enzymatic Pre-treatment Step for Anaerobic Digestion

Use of Cellulase Obtained from Solid-State Fermentation of Orange and Passion Fruit Peels as an Enzymatic Pre-treatment Step for Anaerobic Digestion

Identification of early decayed oranges using structured-illumination reflectance imaging coupled with fast demodulation and improved image processing algorithms

Effective detection of decayed oranges (Citrus genus) at the early stage is challenging because there are no or few visual symptoms on the infected fruit. Structured-illumination reflectance imaging (SIRI) has been proven effective for enhanced detection of subsurface defects in fruit. Amplitude component (AC) images retrieved from the original SIRI patterned images are useful for defect detection, but generally require acquiring three phase-shifted pattern images, which limits the imaging and detection speed. Moreover, the AC images may also suffer from noticeable uneven brightness due to fruit curvature, which affects the identification of decayed areas. This study was therefore aimed to explore faster image demodulation, enhancement and processing algorithms, based on a specially developed SIRI technology, for effective identification of early decayed oranges. Pattern images were acquired, using three phase-shifted sinusoidal illumination patterns at the wavelength of 810 nm and a spatial frequency of 0.20 cycles mm−1, from the orange samples infected with Penicillium digitatum fungus, the most serious and devastating pathogen for orange fruit. Two-dimensional spiral phase transform was used to obtain AC images from one or two pattern images. The acquired AC images were then processed by using simple brightness adjustment and integral image-based fast average filtering for brightness correction, and improved watershed algorithm and global threshold for segmentation of decayed areas. Three different combinations of these image processing procedures for single and two pattern images were proposed to distinguish decayed oranges from sound ones. The three methodologies all achieved high overall identification rates of 97.5%, 95.0% and 95.3%, when the stem-end effect was also considered. This study showed that accurate detection of early decayed orange fruit can be achieved by using one or two phase-shifted pattern images, which would be beneficial for real-time implementation of the technique.

Karakteristik dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Konsumen dalam Pembelian Buah Jeruk Lokal dan Impor di Denpasar Bali

Recently, imported oranges have dominated Bali's local market, leading to low demand for local oranges because both oranges have different tastes, colors, and sizes. Research about the demand rate of local oranges in traditional markets is abundant. However, analysis that compares local and imported oranges' characteristics and supermarket consumer preferences is still lacking. This study aimed to determine (1) consumer preferences for the attributes of local and imported oranges in supermarkets in Denpasar City and (2) Factors that affected consumer decisions in buying local and imported oranges. The location of this study was determined purposively at four modern markets in Denpasar City with 100 respondents. The results showed that (1) Most consumers of oranges (68 percent) in the contemporary market are women, with 79 percent preferring to buy local oranges and only 21 percent preferring to buy imported oranges. In contrast, male consumers prefer imported oranges (69 percent), and only 31 percent prefer local oranges. This illustrates that female consumers tend to buy household needs and play a more significant role in making purchasing decisions for daily needs, including the demand for fruit. Consumers who bought oranges fruits were dominated by women, with a majority of the productive age range between 20 and 30 years (38%). Cumulative preference showed that local oranges were in the strongly like category. At the same time, imported oranges were in the neutral type only. (2) The attributes of local orange and imported oranges, such as taste, color, and texture, significantly influence consumer decisions in buying local and imported oranges. This study only emphasizes five attributes of orange without considering household income, ethnicity, and culture inside the model.

Smart Stimulation Response of a Pyrene-Based Lanthanide(III) MOF: Fluorescence Enhancement to HX (F and Cl) or R-COOH and Artificial Applicable Film on HCl Vapor Sensing.

Toxic acids produced by industries are major hazards to the environment and human health, and luminescent pyrene-based crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrate promising performance in the detection of toxic acids. Herein, two novel isostructural 3D porous lanthanide MOFs, H3O·[Ln3(TBAPy)2(μ2-H2O)2(OH)2]·2DMA·2Diox·6.5H2O (Ln = Pr (1) and Ce (2); H4TBAPy (1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene); and DMA: N,N-dimethylacetamide) were synthesized, which showed alb topology. Based on the protonation and hydrogen bond mechanism, complex 1 could be used as a fluorescence recognition sensor for HX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) acid solutions with different luminescence behaviors. It is worth noting that complex 1 exhibited high sensitivity in the fluorescence enhancement sensing of hydrofluoric acid, oxalic acid, and trichloroacetic acid. In particular, complex 1 had a low limit of detection (LOD) for OA (0.1 μM) and was applied to real monitoring of orange fruit samples. In addition, the PVA@1 film could selectively, sensitively, and quantitatively respond to hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapor through fluorescent quenching; due to its protonation and adsorption capacity, the LOD was 0.18 ppm. Therefore, the portable optical device, the PVA@1 film, can detect HCl gas in trace amounts, achieving the ultimate goal of real-time and rapid detection, which has potential application value for industrial production safety.

Vegan Soap From Waste Organic Material

Orange peels and fruit debris were employed in this study to improve the soap's quality. Improvements in the soap's solubility time, moisture content, and foaming capacity have all been noted. In this investigation, only non-edible fruit portions were utilized. It demonstrates that the goal of this research is to not only increase soap quality but also to better utilize waste in order to recover more fruit waste. In this investigation of the dried seeds and orange peels were crushed. The study's findings have considerable potential for generating ideas for environmental direction as well as for the care of individual humans. Currently, more than 12,000 tons of trash are produced daily.

Quality Evaluation of Akamu Powder Incorporated with Fermented Sweet Orange Pulp Flour

ABSTRACT Akamu was prepared from maize grains and oven dried at 50 C to constant weight. Flour was prepared from sweet orange fruits, fermented naturally for 5 days, oven-dried at 50 C, and sieved. Akamu powder was replaced with 0, 5, 10, 15%, and 20% fermented sweet orange pulp flour (FOPF). The proximate, mineral and phytochemical compositions of the akamu powder, FOPF, and the blend as well as the functional properties, were determined. Blends were used to prepare porridges, and the sensory attributes of porridges were evaluated. The addition of 5% FOPF significantly (p < 0.055) increased the flavonoids, phenols, and carotenoids in the blend over those of the 100% akamu powder. Conclusively, the incorporation of 5% FOPF produced akamu with more acceptable sensory attributes with improved proximate and phytochemical contents over 100% akamu.