Oral Hygiene In Patients Research Articles

Evaluation of preoperative oral hygiene in patients with maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective clinical study

The purpose of this study was to know the oral epidemiological profile of patients admitted in a public hospital in the state of Ceará in the immediate preoperative period using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (IHO-S). This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of 40 male patients and 4 female patients hospitalized who underwent surgical treatment of maxillofacial fractures. The mean age of the patients was 31.27 years, presenting 21 patients (52.5%) with good oral condition, 18 patients (45%) regular condition and only 1 (2.5%) with poor oral condition. Although oral hygiene has been considered good, studies that emphasize the removal of bacterial biofilms should be performed for patients who have obtained the worst results, in order to reduce the problems that these poor results may cause. Through this study the importance of the dental surgeon in a hospital environment is apparent, acting in the treatment and prevention of factors associated with the oral cavity during the period of hospitalization.

Impact of Home and Professional Care on Laser-Assisted Management of Peri-implant Complications: A Case Report

This case report emphasizes how home and professional care can impact clinical outcomes following nonsurgical mechanical therapy with the adjunctive use of a diode laser to treat failing implants. Localized severe peri-implant disease was diagnosed in a patient who was susceptible to periodontal disease, not compliant, and did not accept the surgical approach. A cause-related, diode laser-assisted, nonsurgical treatment was therefore implemented, according to a dedicated protocol, in four closely scheduled appointments. The patient's oral hygiene skills became extremely effective. She then adhered to a bimonthly maintenance protocol in the first follow-up year and quarterly in the subsequent year. Bone remineralization was detected on comparative periapical radiographs 2 years after the diagnosis of peri-implantitis. At the 2-year observation, the patient's high standard of home care and dedicated maintenance arrested the progression of peri-implantitis and yielded clinical and radiographic improvements following nonsurgical mechanical therapy with adjunctive repeated application of a diode laser.

AIDS AND METHODS FOR PERSONAL ORAL HYGIENE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

The demand for aesthetic dental rehabilitation, and respectively, for a higher quality of life, is growing each year. This entails a growth in the number of orthodontic corrections employing non-removable appliances. A high risk of developing periodontal issues while undergoing treatment reveals that orthodontist need to have all-round comprehensive knowledge of the tactics, the principles and the methods of hygiene measures. A high level of the doctor’s awareness along with their ability to motivate the patient, would allow them to arrive at successful doctor-patient relationship not only when dealing with orthodontic diseases, yet also in terms of maintaining the periodontium health due to a thorough approach to the issues of preventive oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment

Clinical characteristics of the dental status of patients with red lichen planus of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity

The development of lichen planus (RLP) is associated with the action of various toxins, allergens, infectious agents, and disorders of the immune system. The aim of the work was to study the dental status of patients with RLP, its role in the development and course of the disease, and the impact on treatment outcomes. A clinical dental examination was carried out in 37 patients, including 31 women (83.78% of those examined) aged 33–65 years; 6 men 16.22%, aged 23 to 52 years. By the time of the initial visit, indicators of the intensity and prevalence of caries, the presence of non-carious lesions, dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities, hygienic and periodontal indicators were recorded. Dental deformities and anomalies of the soft tissues of the oral cavity were diagnosed in 59.46% of all examined patients of both sexes, wedge-shaped defects – in 24.32% of all examined patients of both sexes, pathological wear – in 18.92% of all examined patients. The intensity of caries was 7.89±0.46. The Green-Vermillion hygiene index was (2.13±0.05) points. The prevalence of inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues at the time of the initial examination at the dentist was (83.78±6.39) %, which allows us to state a high degree of compromise of periodontal tissues. The papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA) was (26.95±2.70) %, which corresponds to moderate gingivitis, and the Muhlemann-Saxer papillary bleeding index (PBI) was (1.40±0.14) points. The results obtained regarding the age and sex distribution of patients with RLP agree with the developments of foreign scientists of recent years, indicating a high activity of the manifestation of this disease in women of perimenopausal age, in particular, endocrine changes in women, especially in the production of sex steroids. The presence of aggravated dental status is a local risk factor and serves as a mechanism that activates etiological factors and intensifies already existing changes. The results obtained indicate the need to develop a complex of professional and individual oral hygiene in patients with RLP, as well as the relationship between their dental status and changes in the oral mucosa. Keywords: red lichen planus, dermatosis, precancer.

Clinical characteristics of the dental status of patients with red lichen planus of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity

The development of lichen planus (RLP) is associated with the action of various toxins, allergens, infectious agents, and disorders of the immune system. The aim of the work was to study the dental status of patients with RLP, its role in the development and course of the disease, and the impact on treatment outcomes. A clinical dental examination was carried out in 37 patients, including 31 women (83.78% of those examined) aged 33–65 years; 6 men 16.22%, aged 23 to 52 years. By the time of the initial visit, indicators of the intensity and prevalence of caries, the presence of non-carious lesions, dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities, hygienic and periodontal indicators were recorded. Dental deformities and anomalies of the soft tissues of the oral cavity were diagnosed in 59.46% of all examined patients of both sexes, wedge-shaped defects – in 24.32% of all examined patients of both sexes, pathological wear – in 18.92% of all examined patients. The intensity of caries was 7.89±0.46. The Green-Vermillion hygiene index was (2.13±0.05) points. The prevalence of inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues at the time of the initial examination at the dentist was (83.78±6.39) %, which allows us to state a high degree of compromise of periodontal tissues. The papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA) was (26.95±2.70) %, which corresponds to moderate gingivitis, and the Muhlemann-Saxer papillary bleeding index (PBI) was (1.40±0.14) points. The results obtained regarding the age and sex distribution of patients with RLP agree with the developments of foreign scientists of recent years, indicating a high activity of the manifestation of this disease in women of perimenopausal age, in particular, endocrine changes in women, especially in the production of sex steroids. The presence of aggravated dental status is a local risk factor and serves as a mechanism that activates etiological factors and intensifies already existing changes. The results obtained indicate the need to develop a complex of professional and individual oral hygiene in patients with RLP, as well as the relationship between their dental status and changes in the oral mucosa. Keywords: red lichen planus, dermatosis, precancer.

Impact of Oral Hygiene on Prognosis in Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Gingiva.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the significance of oral hygiene in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower gingiva.Methods: Oral hygiene was assessed using a questionnaire by calculating the oral health (OH) score and the dental care (DC) score. The association of oral hygiene with clinical pathologic variables, disease free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed.Results: Four out of 53 non-smokers and 19 out of 90 current or former smokers had an OH score of 6 (statistically significant difference, p = 0.036). Fifteen out of 63 patients with a T3/T4 tumor and 8 out of 80 patients with a T1/T2 tumor had an OH score of 6 (statistically significant difference, p = 0.026). Similar statistically significant findings were noted with respect to the DC scores, smoking status, and tumor stage. Among patients with an OH score of 0–5, the 5-year DFS and OS rates were 55 and 50%, respectively, and among patients with an OH score >5, they were 46 and 43%, respectively (both differences statistically significant, p < 0.05). Among patients with a DC score of 0–2, the 5-year DFS and OS rates were 69 and 51%, respectively and among patients with a DC score >2, they were 50 and 47%, respectively (both differences statistically significant, p < 0.05). Cox model confirmed OH and DC scores as independent factors affecting the DFS and OS.Conclusion: Poor oral hygiene was associated with decreased DFS and OS.

Effect of teledentistry on the oral health status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment at the first three follow-up visits.

As the prevalence of such oral diseases as dental caries and periodontal problems increases during fixed orthodontic treatment, patient education is an essential aspect of any such treatment. Two methods have been proposed for this purpose: direct education in a clinic (the conventional method); and education using social media, such as the Telegram application (a type of teledentistry). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of teledentistry as an educational tool on the oral health status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment at the first 3 follow-up visits. Sixty participants were enrolled from patients whose fixed orthodontic treatment was to begin at a dental clinic in Tehran, Iran. They were randomly assigned to one of 2 trial arms. At the end of the 1st appointment, one of the groups was educated in person about maintaining oral hygiene during treatment, and an educational clip was sent to the members of the other group via the Telegram application. During the next 3 follow-up appointments, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival color and consistency were analyzed for each patient to assess their oral hygiene compliance during treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in PI and BOP between the 2 groups at the 3rd and 4th appointments; however, gingival color and consistency did not differ significantly with regard to the manner of education (p > 0.05). Patient age did not have a considerable effect on the oral health status in either group (p > 0.05). Teledentistry is an effective and efficient method to improve oral hygiene in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

SEM/EDS Evaluation of the Mineral Deposition on a Polymeric Composite Resin of a Toothpaste Containing Biomimetic Zn-Carbonate Hydroxyapatite (microRepair®) in Oral Environment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Toothpastes containing biomimetic hydroxyapatite have been investigated in recent years; the behavior of this material in the oral environment has been evaluated directly on dental enamel showing a marked remineralizing activity. To propose microRepair®-based toothpastes (Zn-carbonate hydroxyapatite) for the domiciliary oral hygiene in patients with dental composite restorations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the deposition of Zn-carbonate hydroxyapatite on a polymeric composite resin with Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. Twenty healthy volunteers underwent the bonding of 3 orthodontic buttons on the vestibular surfaces of upper right premolars and first molar. On the surface of the buttons, a ball-shaped mass of composite resin was applied and light-cured. Then, the volunteers were randomly divided into two groups according to the toothpaste used for domiciliary oral hygiene: the Control toothpaste containing stannous fluoride and the Trial toothpaste containing microRepair®. The buttons were debonded after 7 days (T1—first premolar), after 15 days (T2—second premolar), and after 30 days (T3—first molar) to undergo the SEM/EDS analysis. The deposition of calcium, phosphorus, and silicon was assessed through EDS analysis and data were submitted to statistical analysis (p < 0.05). SEM morphologic evaluation showed a marked deposition of the two toothpastes on the surfaces of the buttons. EDS quantitative analysis showed an increase of calcium, phosphorus, and silicon in both the groups, with a statistically significant difference of calcium deposition at T3 for the Trial group. Therefore, the use of toothpaste containing Zn-carbonate hydroxyapatite could be proposed as a device for domiciliary oral hygiene because the deposition of hydroxyapatite on polymeric composite resin could prevent secondary caries on the margins of restorations.

Oral hygiene in patients with motor neuron disease requires attention: A cross‐sectional survey study

AimsMotor Neuron Disease (MND) is a progressive neurodegenerative neuromuscular disease, which can progressively impair arm‐hand function. Needs and barriers of MND patients and their caregivers in performing oral hygiene were studied.MethodsAn online survey was sent to 706 MND patients. The questions of the survey included self‐reliance, self‐reported oral health, and oral hygiene. The oral health‐related quality of life (GOHAI‐NL) and the subjective well‐being (ALSAQ‐5) were also measured.ResultsA total of 259 patients responded (36.7%), of which 71.9% stated not to be informed about the importance of maintaining good oral health by their MND treatment team. Moreover, 40.4% would like to receive help concerning oral hygiene from a dental professional. 19.8% were not satisfied about oral care as conducted by themselves or their caregivers. Patients who do not ask for support with their daily oral care had a significantly worse oral health‐related quality of life compared to patients who do ask for support.ConclusionsThe support for daily oral hygiene of MND patients and their barriers to requesting support needs more attention from both MND‐treatment teams and general dental professionals.

Evaluation of the oral hygiene of patients with COVID-19 in a hospital environment

There is sufficient evidence to support a relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and COVID-19 infections. This relationship may be caused by an increase in the immune response mediated by Galectin 3 (Gal-3) and an increase in viral adhesion. Thus, unsatisfactory and poor hygiene conditions determine risk factors in the worsening of the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the oral hygiene index in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the ward of a referral hospital in the metropolitan region of Santa Rita (Paraíba). This study can relate oral inflammatory problems and their outcome in the evolution of patients with COVID-19, contributing to a planning of continuing education actions in oral health care, and to a better evolution of patients with COVID-19. For data collection, a google forms form was used, built by the research team, based on the Oral Hygiene Index in Critical Patients (OHICP), with modifications. In the assessment of the oral hygiene condition of patients with COVID-19, it was observed that 74.1% of the patients presented unsatisfactory and / or precarious oral hygiene. Patients with COVID-19 presented more frequently tongue coating (74.3%), visible biofilm (41.6%) and food remains (35.5%). Poor oral hygiene can aggravate clinical conditions, worsening the outcome regarding the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2.

Periodontal health education session can improve oral hygiene in patients with gingivitis: A masked randomized controlled clinical study.

The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of a periodontal health education session (PHES), which included education on the pathogenesis and consequences of periodontal diseases on oral hygiene motivation in patients with gingivitis. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 50 (26 females and 24 males) patients with gingivitis who underwent periodontal treatment. Subjects were randomly allocated into the PHES group (experimental group) and standard oral hygiene education group (control group). The Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) and Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI) were used to evaluate oral hygiene at baseline and were repeated after 1, 3, and 6 months. Knowledge about periodontal disease was measured and the participants' motivation was determined using the Oral Hygiene Motivation Scale. Although baseline knowledge levels and motivation scores were not different between the groups, following the educational motivational interviewing (MI) session, levels were higher in the experimental compared with the control group. The subjects' RMNPI and PBI scores at the 1-, 3-, and 6- month re-examinations were statistically higher in the control group than the experimental group. Furthermore, the level of knowledge and intrinsic and total motivation scores were moderately positively correlated with a reduction in clinical indices at 6 months compared with baseline. The results of this study indicated that increased knowledge and awareness about periodontal diseases and its consequences, including systemic effects, via educational MI session increased intrinsic motivation and improved oral hygiene of patients with gingivitis, especially regarding interproximal surfaces.

Knowledge, Awareness and Practice oral health survey among parents of children with Congenital Heart Diseases

AIM : To investigate the oral health of pediatric cardiac patients and the parental knowledge and attitude about the importance of oral health and infective endocarditis.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHOD:- Descriptive cross-sectional survey with total 100 CHD patients, ages 2-12 years (48 girls and 52 boys) performed with the application of a questionnaire. For each patient, demographic data, oral hygiene habits, knowledge and awareness of dental and general health, and attitudes toward professional dental care. oral hygiene and caries experience of these patients were recorded.&#x0D; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:-Pearson’s Chi Square test was used to observe the relation between categorical study and outcome variables&#x0D; RESULT:- In the present study 43 % parents were aware of the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene in patients with CHD. Around 56% of parents were unaware of antibiotic prophylaxis for the dental procedure and 67 % of parents were unaware about the term IE. Oral hygiene of these patients is good while caries experience is higher and deft/DMFT Score, It was lower among the &lt;5 years age group than 6 years and above and it was statistically significant.&#x0D; CONCLUSION :- Parental knowledge was limited and fragmented and their attitude towards a specialized dental treatment or maintaining good oral health status was very minimal. the primary focus should be on oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, instructions on fluoride use and the awareness of infective endocarditis. Closer cooperation between Pediatric Dentists, Pediatric Cardiologists and Pediatrician could help improve dental care for these children.

Maintenance of oral hygiene of patients admitted to intensive care units in hospitals.

Objective: The prevention of diseases and humanization of inpatients occurs with a greater integration of dentistry and medicine, aiming at a global treatment of patients. Therefore, this study aims to show the importance of the dentist, general practitioner, within an intensive care unit. Materials and methods: The methodology used was a questionnaire, in which some questions were asked to six doctors and six nurses responsible for the Intensive Care Units, of the four main hospitals in Passo Fundo / RS, seeking to evaluate the presence of the DC in the ICUs, the care performed, associated comorbidities and the degree of acceptance of dental professionals in these units. Result: The presence of a dental surgeon is not prioritized in two of the evaluated hospitals, in any of its three intensive care units, contrary to the legislation in force on April 18, 2013. Conclusion: It was concluded that it is of the utmost importance for the HC in the hospital network, aiming at an improvement in the clinical condition of inpatients, reduction of infections, reduction of medication and number of beds, attenuating the index of oral pathogens due to poor hygiene, reducing hospital costs and showing that it is necessary to insert the DC in the ICU multiprofessional team.

Resistance to Preoperative Oral Care Is Associated With Postoperative Pneumonia After Oesophageal Cancer Surgery.

Postoperative pneumonia is a serious complication of major oesophageal surgery. We aimed to clarify the association between the degree of improvement in oral hygiene by perioperative oral care and postoperative pneumonia in oesophageal cancer patients. Oesophageal cancer patients (n=129) who underwent esophagectomy received perioperative oral care. Their oral hygiene was evaluated using the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG). The relationship between perioperative OAG scores and postoperative complications was analysed. The average OAG scores before starting oral care, pre-operation, and post-operation were 11.0±1.7, 9.1±1.5, and 11.2±3.0, respectively (p<0.001). An increase in preoperative OAG scores was independently associated with postoperative pneumonia on multivariate analysis (p=0.027). Preoperative oral care improves oral hygiene in patients undergoing oesophageal cancer surgery. No improvement in oral hygiene despite preoperative oral care was an independent predictor of postoperative pneumonia.

New method of index estimation of oral hygiene in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with braces

Correction of the pathological position of teeth by means of braces has become more and more popular in recent years. Therefore it is very important to focus patients attention not only on timely access to the orthodontist, but also maintain good oral hygiene. Its good oral hygiene within the period of orthodontic treatment that allows to achieve the best aesthetic result. The aim of our work was to determine the level of oral hygiene in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with braces. A 1% solution of methylene blue was used as the indicator of plaque on teeth. 120 people (78 women and 42 men) with teeth malposition, undergoing treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of SamSMU were examined. Satisfactory conditions of oral hygiene was found in 41% (49 people) of patients with braces, good conditions in 29% (35 people), unsatisfactory conditions in 21% (25 people), and poor quality of hygiene in 9% of the patients (11 people). This information indicates that the majority of patients follow orthodontists recommendations about toothbrushing, but the presence of orthodontic equipment significantly complicates this manipulation. Therefore such patients are recommended to use additional devices for removing plaque from hard-to-reach areas, as well as professional oral hygiene at least once every 3-4 months.

Experience professional oral hygiene based on the GBT protocol in patients with hemophilia

The incidence of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity in patients with hereditary coagulopathy hemophilia, as well as domestic and foreign experience of professional hygiene in persons with this pathology were analyzed. It has been shown that it is more preferable to use the GBT protocol for professional oral hygiene in patients with hemophilia.

The effectiveness of parodontax toothpaste in the complex treatment of chronic gingivitis

Was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of parodontax Comprehensive Protection (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) toothpaste in the complex therapy of chronic gingivitis. The study involved 119 volunteers; group 1 (n=59, age range 18 to 32 years) and group 2 (n=60, age range 20 to 35 years) with a diagnosis of chronic gingivitis (K05.1). The criterion for inclusion in the study was sulcus bleeding index (SBI) more than 1 point. Dental examination included SBI, papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA), and Green-Vermillion oral hygiene index (OHI-S). After determining the indices, all patients underwent professional oral hygiene and controlled tooth cleaning. Patients in group 1 (parodontax) were prescribed parodontax Comprehensive Protection toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK), patients in group 2 - a toothpaste that did not contain sodium bicarbonate. Repeated clinical examinations with the determination of the SBI, PMA, OHI-S were carried out after week 2 and 4. After 4 weeks, SBI scores in group 1 were 63% lower than at baseline, and in group 2 - by 30%. PMA values at 4 weeks in group 1 were 58% and in group 2 30% lower, compared to baseline levels. The results of the analysis of the OHI-S index showed a statistically significant decrease in group 1 by 75%, while in group 2 by only 8% from the initial values. The difference in all index values between groups at 4 weeks of the study was statistically significant (p<0.05). The use of parodontax Comprehensive Protection Toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) has been shown to reduce the clinical signs of biofilm-associated gingivitis and effectively maintain optimal oral hygiene in patients.

The details of oral hygiene for patients in severe

The details of oral hygiene for patients in severe

The differences of the oral hygiene status in patients with cleft lip and palate pre operative and post operative in Takalar Regency

Objective: This study aims to determine the difference in oral hygiene status in patients with cleft lip and palate pre operative and post operative in takalar regency. The sample in this study were patients with cleft lip and palate preoperative and postoperative with a total sample of 20 people consisting of 10 people for the preoperative group and 10 people for the postoperative group.Material and Methods: This study is observational analytic and the design of this study is Cross Sectional Study. Determination of samples was done by quota sampling. Assessment of oral hygiene status was obtained from OHI-S scores. The data obtained were tested with chi-square test and t-test by SPSS.Results: In the group of patients with cleft lip and palate preoperative had an average oral hygiene status of 2.69 while the postoperative group was 2.04 with p-value of 0.062 (&gt; 0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference in the status of oral hygiene in patients with cleft lip and palate preoperative and postoperative in Takalar regency.

Study on portable dental irrigator for oral hygiene in patients with gingival inflammation

Study on portable dental irrigator for oral hygiene in patients with gingival inflammation