Abstract
Toothpastes containing biomimetic hydroxyapatite have been investigated in recent years; the behavior of this material in the oral environment has been evaluated directly on dental enamel showing a marked remineralizing activity. To propose microRepair®-based toothpastes (Zn-carbonate hydroxyapatite) for the domiciliary oral hygiene in patients with dental composite restorations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the deposition of Zn-carbonate hydroxyapatite on a polymeric composite resin with Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. Twenty healthy volunteers underwent the bonding of 3 orthodontic buttons on the vestibular surfaces of upper right premolars and first molar. On the surface of the buttons, a ball-shaped mass of composite resin was applied and light-cured. Then, the volunteers were randomly divided into two groups according to the toothpaste used for domiciliary oral hygiene: the Control toothpaste containing stannous fluoride and the Trial toothpaste containing microRepair®. The buttons were debonded after 7 days (T1—first premolar), after 15 days (T2—second premolar), and after 30 days (T3—first molar) to undergo the SEM/EDS analysis. The deposition of calcium, phosphorus, and silicon was assessed through EDS analysis and data were submitted to statistical analysis (p < 0.05). SEM morphologic evaluation showed a marked deposition of the two toothpastes on the surfaces of the buttons. EDS quantitative analysis showed an increase of calcium, phosphorus, and silicon in both the groups, with a statistically significant difference of calcium deposition at T3 for the Trial group. Therefore, the use of toothpaste containing Zn-carbonate hydroxyapatite could be proposed as a device for domiciliary oral hygiene because the deposition of hydroxyapatite on polymeric composite resin could prevent secondary caries on the margins of restorations.
Highlights
Dental decay is regarded as one of the most frequent conditions affecting people worldwide
The spots are morphologically different from the composite resin and are identifiable; the button appears smoother and with fewer irregularities
The images show that the dark gray spots increase from T1 to T3, probably due to the deposition of mineral salts and inorganic phases contained in the two toothpastes
Summary
Dental decay is regarded as one of the most frequent conditions affecting people worldwide. This disease arises from a complex interaction over time occurring between acid-producing bacteria and fermentable carbohydrate from the diet. Many factors play a crucial role for the development of dental decay, among which are physical, biological, environmental, and behavioral ones. An incomplete polymerization of the monomers contained in these materials [2] or an inadequate bonding procedure, depending on the type of the adhesive system used [3], cause the so-called “microleakage”, that is the formation of a gap between the resin and the dental tissue, predisposing to a possible secondary decay
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