Oral Drops Research Articles

Biochemical parameters and oral fluid microcrystallization in young patients who use a vape device

The study aims s are researching the negative effect of nicotine-containing vapes on physical and chemical parameters of oral fluid and morphotyping of dried oral fluid drop among young somatically healthy individuals. Material and methods. The study included 20 people between the ages of 18 and 24 years old, divided into 2 groups: the «Vape» group (n=12) human only nicotine-containing vape for at least 2 years and the «Control» group (n=8) not human nicotine in any form. pH, thiocyanate (rhodonide) concentrations, surface tension, oral fluid volume, hygiene indices and periodontal indices were studied. The morphotype of dried oral fluid drop was analyzed. Results. In the «Control» group in 3 cases gingivitis chronic K05.1 was diagnosed, and in the patients of the «Vape» group in 9 cases. It was found that the rhodonide content in the «Vape» group before «vaping» was higher than in the «Control» group and was Me= 1.31 mM/L and Me=0.58 mM/L respectively p=0.012. After vape application, the concentration of rhodonides in oral fluid increased in 1.16 times (p=0.0077), nitrite ions content from Me=0.09 mg/L to Me=0.32 mg/L (p=0.07), pH increased to Me=7.64; (LQ=7.45; HQ=7.67) (p=0.07) (p=0.07). The volume of RW in the Vape group remains 2.8 times smaller than in the Control group (p=0.012). The microcrystallization pattern of the oral fluid drop in the «Vape» group before «steaming» more often corresponded to type II A, and after «steaming» in 33.4% cases type III was determined, in 25% – type II B. Conclusions. Thus, in «vapers» of 18–24 years old statistically reliable reduction of oral fluid volume, high values of hygiene index shift of acid-base balance in the direction of alkalosis creates conditions in the oral cavity for the development of periodontal diseases and the emergence of cariesogenic situation. There was an increase in the concentration of rhodanide and nitrite ions, which in combination with other components of vape aerosols can be considered as procarcinogens, syncarcinogens and cocarcinogens. The change in the morphology of facies pattern, type of microcrystallization of oral fluid drop in the dynamics of vape use corresponds to the vector of changes observed in other inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity

Effects of synbiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and full enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial disease primarily affecting infants with very low birth weight (VLBW). Research has shown that the pathogenesis of NEC is associated with abnormal bacterial colonization. Synbiotics, dietary supplements containing probiotics (beneficial bacteria) and prebiotics (non-digestible food), can alter the gut microbiome. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of PediLact®, an oral drop multi-strain synbiotic containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bifidobacterium infantis, on nutritional parameters and the occurrence of NEC in VLBW neonates. In this study, 118 VLBW neonates from neonatal intensive care units were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a synbiotic or a placebo. The synbiotic administration continued until the infant was fully fed. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of NEC and the number of days required to achieve full enteral feeding. Log-binomial regression and ANOVA/ANCOVA models were used for analysis. In the group that received the synbiotic, the incidence of NEC decreased significantly (adjusted RR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07-0.72, P value = .01; adjusted RD = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.12, P value < .001; NNT = 5). Additionally, feeding intolerance was less frequent in this group (adjusted RR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.51, P value < .001; NNT = 3). Furthermore, consumption of the synbiotic was associated with significant weight gain (approximately 40 g) in infants (adjusted SMD = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.26-1.00, P value < .001). The duration of hospitalization and the time required to reach full enteral feeding were also significantly shorter in the synbiotic group (by approximately 3 days). No serious side effects were reported. Prescribing multi-strain synbiotics reduces the incidence of NEC in VLBW infants and has beneficial effects on breastfeeding tolerance and weight gain velocity. Therefore, physicians may consider prescribing synbiotics to VLBW neonates.

Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metal and Pesticide Contaminations, and Microbial Limit Tests of Cannabis Oral Drops

Cannabis, a medicinal herb renowned for its therapeutic potential, is utilized in the treatment of various ailments, including the stimulation of appetite in cancer patients. In Thailand, the predominant dosage form is oral drops; however, the absence of robust quality control measures for these products poses significant health risks to patients. The primary objectives of this study were to formulate and evaluate cannabis oral drops, with a comprehensive evaluation encompassing physicochemical properties such as appearance, pH, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol contents. Furthermore, heavy metals (specifically arsenic, cadmium, and lead), pesticides (including pyrethroids, organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates), and microbial contaminations (Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium spp., and Salmonella spp.) were evaluated. The results revealed that the optimal formulation, comprising cannabis extract derived from supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, vitamin E acetate, and medium-chain triglyceride oil, exhibited a pH of approximately 4.0, a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of approximately 27 mg/mL, and a cannabidiol content of approximately 9 mg/mL. Furthermore, there were no heavy metals or pesticides detected. Microbial limit tests demonstrated the absence of Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium spp., and Salmonella spp. In conclusion, this endeavor successfully achieved the development of high-quality cannabis oral drops, showcasing the potential for safe and therapeutic use.

Facile Integration of Hanztsch's Switch-Off/On Modeled Fluorogenic Probe for Feasible Tagging and Tracking of the Midodrine Drug in Different Matrices; First Evaluation of the Method's Greenness, Whiteness, Blueness, Quantum Yield, and Tablets' Content Homogeneity.

The proposed investigation follows a certain methodology to guarantee that the procedure employed is sustainable and green. It is noteworthy to mention that various tools have been implemented as potential indicators of environmental sustainability (greenness and whiteness). From a novelty viewpoint, a new tool, BAGI, for the method's blueness evaluation was applied to the planned method and showed a high applicability score. Fortunately, the WAC concept, which combines ecological and functional variables using the Green/Red/Blue design (RBG 12 tool), identifies the established analytical approach as white. In the planned study, a new, green, simple, nano-trace-sensitive, original fluorimetric methodology was established to analyze and assess midodrine hydrochloride content in different matrices. Midodrine's primary amine moiety reacts with Diacetylmethane/Oxymethylene reagent in an acetate buffer, which leads to generating a fluorescent dihydrolutidine derivative (Hantzsch-named reaction). Consequently, the signal strength of this compound was quantified at 487 nm, with an excitation wavelength of 426 nm. This analysis indicated that the technique exhibited linearity within the range of 0.05 to 1.1 µg mL-1 concentrations, accompanied by remarkably good sensitivity values (LOD and LOQ). The methodology employed in this examination was subjected to validation following the rules recognized by ICH. From the perspective of pharmacy and chemistry, the method presented in this study was successfully employed to analyze commercially available tablets, oral drops, and human fluids. The outcomes obtained demonstrated satisfactory recovery rates without any interference from excipients. Following the USP recommendations, the intended technique was finally implemented to explore the content homogeneity evaluation.

Safety and efficacy of a fixed dose combination of oral drops of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate in the symptomatic treatment of common cold in children: an active post-marketing surveillance study

Safety and efficacy of a fixed dose combination of oral drops of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate in the symptomatic treatment of common cold in children: an active post-marketing surveillance study

Oral DHA supplementation and retinopathy of prematurity: the Joinville DHA Clinical Trial.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants. The condition is associated with DHA deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DHA supplementation on the occurrence of ROP in infants receiving oral oil drops. It is part of the Joinville DHA study, a non-parallel-group cohort study conducted from March 2020 to January 2023 at a public maternity hospital in Brazil. Infants born before 33 weeks of gestational age or with a birth weight ≤1500 g were recruited. Among 155 infants, 81 did not receive and 74 received DHA supplementation until complete vascularisation of the peripheral retina. There was a higher incidence of infants with ROP in the unsupplemented group (58·6%) compared with the DHA group (41·4%), but this difference was NS (P=0·22). Unadjusted logistic regression analysis showed that patent ductus arteriosus and neonatal corticosteroids were significantly (P<0·05) associated with ROP in both groups. In the DHA group, surfactant use was also associated with ROP (P=0·003). After adjusting for important covariates, patent ductus arteriosus and neonatal corticosteroids continued to be significant for infants in the unsupplemented group (OR=3·99; P=0·022 and OR=5·64; P=0·019, respectively). In the DHA group, only surfactant use continued to be associated with ROP (OR=4·84; P=0·015). In summary, DHA supplementation was not associated with ROP. Further studies are necessary to better understand the relationship between DHA supplementation, ROP and associated comorbidities.

A Health Technology Assessment Based on Chinese Guideline: Active Vitamin D and Its Analogs in the Treatment of Osteoporosis.

To quantitatively assess all dosage forms of three active vitamin D and its analogs, namely, calcitriol, alfacalcidol, and eldecalcitol, to provide a basis for the selection of active vitamin D and its analogs in hospitals. In this study, three active vitamin D and its analogs were evaluated by quantitative scoring in five dimensions, including pharmaceutical properties (28 points), efficacy (27 points), safety (25 points), economy (10 points), and other attributes (10 points). The final scores of quantitative assessment for the selection of alfacalcidol soft capsules, calcitriol soft capsules I, calcitriol soft capsules II, alfacalcidol tablets, alfacalcidol capsules, alfacalcidol oral drops, calcitriol injection, and eldecalcitol soft capsules were 73.17, 72.06, 71.52, 71.29, 69.62, 68.86, 65.60, 64.05 points. Based on the scoring results, alfacalcidol soft capsules, calcitriol soft capsules I, calcitriol soft capsules II, alfacalcidol tablets can be entered into the medication list of medical institutions as strongly recommended drugs. This study offers guidance on selecting and using active vitamin D and its analogs in hospitals, with consideration for the patient's needs.

The Effect of Mentha spicata Essential Oil (Supermint Oral Drops) on Gastric Residual Volume in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Parallel-Group, Triple-Blinded, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial

IntroductionDelayed gastric emptying is a prevalent problem in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation receiving enteral nutrition. This study aimed to assess the effect of Mentha spicata essential oil (Supermint oral drops) on gastric residual volume (GRV) in this patient population. MethodsIn this clinical trial study, from 01 May 2020 to 30 January 2021, 60 mechanically ventilated ICU patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. From the first day of their feeding, patients in the intervention and control groups respectively received 20 drops of the Supermint and placebo dissolved in 40 ml of water, three times daily for four days. The GRV was measured at the baseline and during four days of intervention. Data were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation (GEE) regression model. ResultsOf the patients, 58.1 % were female. The mean age of patients was 71.5 (SD=14.2), and 65.5% were hospitalized for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The results of the GEE regression model indicated no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the baseline GRV (p=0.181). There was a significant interaction between time and the treatment group (p < 0.001), which suggested that GRV changes over time was different between the two groups. In the control group, the average GRV increased by 0.07 for each unit increase in time, while in the Supermint group, it decreased significantly by 1.09. ConclusionsThe current study's finding suggested that Mentha spicata essential oil may have the potential to reduce GRV in ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding. IRCT code NOIRCT20191223045868N1. Date: 03/28/2020)Available at: https://irct.ir/trial/46580

Clinical Benefits, efficacy and tolerability of slowly titrated vortioxetine oral drops solution

Introduction Vortioxetine is mainly prescribed as oral tablets, usually starting at 5-10 mg per day, and is well tolerated by most patients. However, some patients may experience side effects, the most common of which is nausea, which occurs in 20.9-31.2% of people treated with doses of 5-20 mg/day (Baldwin et al, J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30:242-52). In some countries, vortioxetine is also available as an oral solution (1 drop = 1 mg), which allows a very slow titration schedule that may improve tolerability.Objectives To evaluate whether vortioxetine oral drop solution, started with 1-2 drops (1-2 mg per day) and increased by 1-2 drops per day to 10-20 drops (10-20 mg), is associated with better tolerability and a lower risk of nausea than that observed with oral tablets started with 5-10 mg per day, while maintaining efficacy. To provide pilot data for the design of a multicentre, prospective study.MethodsRetrospective, single-centre, observational study. Participants were 58 consecutive patients (mean age 45 + 17 years, 55.2% female) treated with vortioxetine for a depressive episode. Vortioxetine was initiated and titrated up to 1 drop (1 mg) per day in 58.6% of subjects, and initiated and titrated up to 2 drops in 41.4% of subjects. Tolerability was assessed at all visits. CGI and MADRAS scores were recorded at the following time points: T0-baseline, T1=week 1, T2=week 2, T3=week 4, T4=week 8). Comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.ResultsNausea was reported by 8 subjects (13.8%) at T1, 4 subjects (6.9%) at T2, 1 subject at T3 (1.7%) and none at T4. Other adverse reactions (mainly dizziness, pruritus/itching, vomiting, diarrhoea, and xerostomia) were reported by a total of 6 subjects (10.3%) at T1, none at T2 and T3, and 1 subject (1.7%) at T4. The maximum dose administered was 20 mg in 75.9% of patients. No patients discontinued vortioxetine due to adverse events, but vortioxetine was discontinued prior to T4 (8 weeks of treatment) in 2 subjects due to lack of efficacy. The mean CGI at baseline was 4.3 ±0.8. The mean value decreased to 3.9±0.7 at week 1 and to 3.4±0.6, 2.7±0.6, 1.9±0.5 at weeks 2, 4 and 8, respectively. All differences were statistically significant (p&lt;0.001) compared to baseline. Also from week 2, all scores were statistically significant compared to all previous assessments. The total MADRS score decreased from 28.3±4.6 at baseline to 24.9±4.2, 20.9±4, 16.3±3.6 and 10.9±3 at weeks 2, 4 and 8, respectively. A significant decrease in MADRS total score was observed at each time point (p&lt;0.001) compared to baseline and previous assessments.ConclusionsSlow titration with vortioxetine oral drop solution was associated with a very low percentage of patients reporting side effects in general, and nausea in particular, and with a relatively rapid improvement in depressive symptoms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Comparison of the Effect of Cumin Cyminum and Nettle Oral Drops on the Breast Milk Sufficiency Indicators in New Mothers.

This study aimed to compare the effects of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) oral drops on the indicators of breast milk adequacy in lactating mothers. Due to the presence of phytoestrogens in the combinations of cumin and nettle, it is stipulated that they may have milk-increasing properties. A triple-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 117 lactating mothers who had given birth to healthy infants aged 10-15 days and who received cumin oral drops (n = 39), nettle oral drops (n = 39) or placebo (n = 39) from August 2020 to March 2021. The participants were recruited from a regional public health care centre affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. The 3 study groups received 15 drops thrice a day for 4 weeks. Infant weight, breastfeeding frequency, number of wet diapers, diaper weight and frequency of infant defecation were evaluated before and after the intervention. At the beginning of the trial, no statistically significant differences were observed between the 3 groups for infant weight (P = 0.891), breastfeeding frequency (P = 0.921), number of wet diapers (P = 0.783), diaper weight (P = 0.841) and frequency of infant defecation (P = 0.898). However, following the intervention, the mean scores of all indicators were significantly higher in the experimental groups than in the placebo group (P <0.001). In addition, all the indicators in the cumin group increased significantly compared to those in the nettle group (P <0.001). Considering the effectiveness of cumin and nettle drops in increasing milk and the availability of these native plants in Iran, it is suggested that they, especially cumin, be used postpartum to increase breast milk production.

Uveal effusion syndrome: a case report

BackgroundThis case report is applicable to the field of ophthalmology because there is a paucity of medical literature related to the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of uveal effusion syndrome. This is an urgent concern because there are severe complications associated with this disease, including non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, angle closure glaucoma, and possible blindness. This report will fill clinical knowledge gaps using a patient example.Case presentationA 68-year-old white male with multiple cardiovascular risk factors initially presented to the Eye Institute Urgent Care Clinic with new onset visual symptoms, including eye pain, eye lid swelling, redness, and tearing of his left eye. He had experienced a foreign body sensation in the left eye and bilateral floaters weeks prior to his presentation. The patient was examined, and vision was 20/30 in both eyes, and intraocular pressure was 46 in the right eye and 36 in the left eye. After initial assessment, including compression gonioscopy, intermittent angle closure glaucoma was suspected. He received oral diamox 500 mg, one drop of alphagan in both eyes, one drop of latanoprost in both eyes, one drop of dorzolamide in both eyes, and one drop of 2% pilocarpine in both eyes. There was only slight response in intraocular pressure. Owing to the bilateral angle closure, he underwent laser peripheral iridotomy to decrease intraocular pressure and open the angle that was found closed on gonioscopy. The patient was discharged on oral and topical glaucoma drops and scheduled for the glaucoma clinic. When he presented for follow-up in the glaucoma clinic, he was evaluated and noted to have bilateral narrow angles and intraocular pressure in the mid-twenties. A brightness scan (B-scan) was performed and was noted to have bilateral choroidal effusions, confirmed by Optos fundus photos. He was started on prednisone at 60 mg once per day (QD) with taper, continuation of oral and topical glaucoma medications, and a retina evaluation. Evaluation with a retina specialist showed resolving choroidal effusion in the left eye. He continued the prednisone taper as well as glaucoma drops as prescribed. Follow-up in the glaucoma clinic revealed a grade 3 open angle. He continued the prednisone taper, cosopt twice per day in both eyes, and discontinued brimonidine. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that was performed showed results that were remarkable. No hemorrhage or mass was present. Follow-up with the retina specialist found that the choroidal effusions had resolved completely.ConclusionThis case report emphasizes the value in early detection, keen diagnostic evaluation, and cross-collaboration between multiple ophthalmology specialists to optimize healthcare outcomes for patients with uveal effusion syndrome.

An Innovative Approach to Hair Regeneration: Synergistic Effects of Zauber™ Hair Drops and Zauberöl® Premium Hair Oil in Testosterone Induced Alopecia Rat Model

Introduction: Hair loss, or alopecia, is a prevalent concern with medical and cosmetic implications. Hair loss, attributed to genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and psychosocial impacts, necessitates effective treatments. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of specific formulations Zauber™ Hair Drops (Zauber™) and Zauberöl® Premium Hair Oil (Zauberöl®) in addressing testosterone induced alopecia, utilizing a rat model. This research contributes to our understanding of potential solutions to the rising prevalence of this condition.Materials and Methods: 60 Male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups. To induce alopecia, testosterone was administered intramuscularly, excluding the normal control group. Experimental groups received distinct treatments, including oral homeopathic drops Zauber™ in mild, moderate and high doses, topical treatment Zauberöl® alone and along with ZauberTM in 3 different doses, and a standard drug, over 28 days. Comprehensive observations and assessments were conducted. Results and Discussion: The results of the study showed that all groups maintained their body weights and food consumption, but those taking Zauber™ and Zauberöl® saw considerable hair follicle growth without severe blood clotting or systemic toxicity, as seen by stable organ weights. The treatment groups showed steady haematological parameters, and sophisticated imaging showed that Zauber™ + Zauberöl® effectively promotes hair follicle growth and development. Higher anagen-to-telogen ratios in treated groups, particularly in the Zauber™ + Zauberöl® groups, show desirable efficiency in alopecia treatment than the standalone therapies. Conclusion: Our study highlights the synergistic therapeutic effects of Zauber™ and Zauberöl® in treating testosterone-induced alopecia in rats, surpassing stand-alone therapies. The observed improvements in various health indicators underscore the potential efficacy and safety of this combined treatment approach.

Cicatricial Ectropion After Maxillofacial Surgery

Introduction : cicatricial ectropion is a malposition lower eyelid by shortening and/ or scarring of the anterior lamella of eyelid but it can occur in the upper eyelid. Ocular manifestations in cicatricial ectropion occurred epiphora, redness eyes, foreign body sensation, dry eyes due to direct exposure to the outside. In severe case may occur ulceration and loss of vision&#x0D; Case Illustration : A 33 year old male patient was being came to ophthalmologist department at Bali Mandara General Hospital with complaints that the right eye could not close completely, the felt dry eyes, foreign body sensation, and sometimes redness eyes after maxillofacial surgery one month ago before admitted to hospital. The physical examination the patient was normal. The ophthalmological examination visual acuity 6/6 for both eyes, intraocular pressure was normal for both eyes. The movement of the eyeballs was normal. The segment anterior examination was a scar on the lower right eyelid, inferior palpebral retraction, lagophthalmos 4 mm. The segment anterior examination of the left eye was normal.&#x0D; Discussion : The patient was treated to repair the cicatricial ectropion with surgery under general anesthesia with postauricular full thickness skin graft, antibiotic eye ointment, antibiotic oral, and lubricant eye drop.&#x0D; Conclusion : Cicatricial ectropion is a complication that occurs due to trauma or surgery. Reconstructive surgery to repair eyelid function, improve cosmetic appearance and minimize complications of further eye damage such as keratitis to blindness. Knowing the etiology along with the progression of the disease is necessary for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Scaffold Loaded with Soluble Factors of Different Probiotic Strains Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Bacterial infection remains the most frequent complication of burn injury, which can lead to sepsis, even if antibiotics are used topically and systemically. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the main causative agent in many cases. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in recent years has increased the need to find novel alternative therapies, such as probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the antimicrobial properties of probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS), along with the potential use of a chitosan scaffold both as an antimicrobial agent and as a carrier for the delivery of these complexes. Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of cell-free soluble factors of probiotic bacteria both alone and in combination with chitosan scaffolds. Nine isolates of P. aeruginosa previously identified by standard diagnostic tests were investigated. The antimicrobial effects of probiotics in the form of Pedilact® oral drop which contained three probiotic strains, Kidilact® sachet, which contained seven probiotic strains, and strains of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) isolated from yogurt were studied by an agar well diffusion assay and by using CFS harvested at various growth stages, without pH neutralization. Chitosan with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent was fabricated to produce a suitable scaffold for loading cell-free supernatants of probiotic strains. The scaffolds were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The antimicrobial properties of the CFS, chitosan, and chitosan scaffolds loaded with CFS were analyzed against MDR P. aeruginosa. In the agar well diffusion assay, CFS obtained from probiotic strains effectively inhibited the growth of a clinical strain of P. aeruginosa. This effect was observed when CFS was assessed without pH neutralization. Kidilact® was the most promising synbiotic formulation based on its inhibitory activity. The chitosan scaffold was successfully fabricated, as shown by SEM, and its structure was not affected by acidic CFS. The fabricated scaffolds were able to deliver CFS and, interestingly, antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa when CFS was loaded on the chitosan scaffold was enhanced significantly. The results of this study showed chitosan scaffold loaded with cell-free probiotics metabolites can be considered to be a promising antimicrobial dressing in wound healing applications.

The Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Mother's Weight Retention in Postpartum Period

Exclusive breastfeeding is giving only breast milk to babies, without other drinks food, or water, except for oral rehydration fluids, drops, or syrup containing vitamins, mineral supplements, or drugs recommended by health workers for medical reasons. Breast milk contains complete nutrition which is very good for growth and development and is easily digested by babies. Mothers who exclusively breastfeed find it easier and faster to lose weight to their pre-pregnancy state. As the gestational age increases, there is a progressive accumulation of maternal body fat. These fat reserves are a source of energy that will be used in the process of producing breast milk. By breastfeeding, the body will produce more breast milk so that fat deposits that function as energy reserves will be used. Thus shrinking fat deposits, the mother's weight will quickly return to its pre-pregnancy state. At present, postpartum weight gain is a separate problem for mothers because of frequent postpartum weight retention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on maternal weight in the postpartum period. A research design used in this study is the pretest-posttest control group design. This study used a group of mothers who exclusively breastfed and a group of mothers who did not exclusively breastfeed as a control group. Data on exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding were taken using a questionnaire, while the mother's weight immediately after delivery was taken from the mother's KMS or health worker documents. Calorie intake data was taken using the semi-SSQ questionnaire. While data on body weight in the range of 0-6 months, was taken by way of the researcher weighing directly using the same scales for each respondent. research results obtained Exclusive breastfeeding on mothers causing maternal weight loss in the first 6 months postpartum. Weight retention did not occur as in the non-exclusive breastfeeding group.

Effect of Vitamin D on Irritable Bowel Syndrome on Ain Shams University Medical Students

Abstract Objective Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can be divided into three subtypes according to bowel habits –IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), IBS with constipation (IBS-C), and IBS with mixed bowel habits (IBS-M). Incidence of IBS has been increasing over last two decades. Recent studies have suggested a relationship between vitamin D and IBS. Vitamin D has a potential role as immune modulator, antiinflammatory, and anti-microbial agent that can explain its role in IBS. Method This study is part of The Nutritional Assessment of Medical Students of Ain Shams University (NAMS/ASU), the project was designed to evaluate the nutritional status of the undergraduate medical students. All participants were subjected to: Interview questionnaires including data: name, age, sex, study grade, past medical history and family history. Dietary recall: 24 hrs food recall, food frequency related iron intake. All data was analyzed using food composition table National Nutritional Institute (NNI). General clinical examination laying stress on: Systolic blood pressure &amp; Diastolic blood pressure. This study was applied on 40 students who were diagnosed as IBS by ROME 4 criteria and vitamin D deficiency (&amp;lt;20 IU). They were advised to eat rich vitamin D food and vitamin D supplementation by vitamin D oral drops cholecalciferol 42000 IU per week for 12 weeks then vitamin D level was reevaluated again and check ROME IV criteria for IBS. Results Demographic data of Irritable Bowel Syndrome among Ain Shams University Medical Students according to their demographic data regarding age, sex and BMI shows that the ranged age 20-24 with mean 22.33±1.37, while female (65%) and male (35%), as well as ranged BMI 1930 with mean 23.75±3.02 and the ranged systolic blood pressure 95-130 with mean 113.13±10.23, also ranged diastolic 60-85 with mean 73.88±7.02 of blood pressure of demographic data. After three months of vitmin D intervention participants were divided into 2 groups according to IBS symptoms relief group 1 was with no symptoms (ROME IV criteria are not fulfilled), while group 2 are the candidates whom ROME IV criteria are fulfilled but with a less degree and improvement of Rome IV criteria.%. Conclusion Female sex is more liable for IBS, being a student in a medical college and lack of exercise. Our study indicated that Vitamin D supplementation could play a therapeutic role in the control of IBS in medical students.

A Study to Assess the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Postnatal Mothers in Kashmir

Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a newborn with the mothers milk and it is very important for enhancing child and maternal health .Exclusive breastfeeding means that an infant receives only breast milk from his or her mother or a wet nurse or expresses breast milk and no other liquids or solids, not even water, with the exception of oral rehydration solution, drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines. For almost all infants, breastfeeding remains the easiest, healthiest and least costly method of feeding to meet the needs of infants. However, only 40% of children worldwide are exclusively breastfed which is far from the recommendation. In low income and middle-income countries, only 37% of children are exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended for the first six months of age by the World Health Organization. Methods: The study was carried out among randomly selected post natal mothers in a selected hospital Kashmir. Data collection was done with the help of face to face interview using a pre-tested and predesigned structured questionnaire having information about demographic profile of study participants and practices of breast feeding. The sample size was 60 postnatal mothers. Result: The data was analyzed by calculating the score in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi- square, and paired T- test. The study findings revealed that 26.7% mothers were having poor practice regarding breastfeeding, 50.0% were having fair practice and 23.3% mothers were having good practice regarding breast feeding practices.

Comparison of the Effect of Oral Versus Parenteral Vitamin D on Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Premature Infants with Vitamin D Deficiency

Background: Vitamin D levels lower than 20 ng/mL are defined as vitamin D deficiency and levels between 20 and 30 ng/mL are defined as insufficient vitamin D. Due to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in premature infants and the need for obtaining optimal treatment methods, we compared the serum levels of vitamin D before and fifteen days after administration of the drug orally and by injection. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 90 premature infants with gestational age &lt; 37 weeks were admitted to NICU of Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital, with concomitant vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency entered the study and randomly received oral (with oral drops of 1,000 units daily for 15 days) or injectable (a single dose of 15,000 units intramuscularly) vitamin D supplement and followed on the 16th day after drug administration by measuring 25 (OH) D, calcium, phosphorus, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results: In this study, the gestational age of the patients was 29.39 ± 2.42 weeks, and their average birth weight was 1,208.45 ± 238.98 grams. There was no significant difference between the two groups that received the drug, and they were similar. The level of vitamin D in premature infants suffering from vitamin D deficiency was equal to 13.20 ± 6.37 ng/dL. There was no significant difference between the serum levels of ALP, phosphorus, and calcium in the patients of the injection and oral groups before and after the intervention (P-value &gt; 0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the serum vitamin D levels in the two groups before the intervention, its level in the oral group was significantly higher than in the injection group after the intervention (P-value = 0.006). However, none of the treatment methods independently changed the effectiveness of the treatment (P-value = 0.073). Conclusions: The results of our study showed that, in premature infants with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, administration of vitamin D orally or by injection significantly increases the serum concentration of 25 (OH) D3 to sufficient levels safely, and both treatment routes can be used in practice.

Studying the kinetic of midodrine degradations using TLC stability approach: Application to dosage form and human plasma

A simple, rapid and selective thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for estimation of the antihypotension drug, midodrine hydrochloride, in pure form, tablet, spiked plasma and artificially degraded samples. Separation was carried out using silica gel 60-F254 as a stationary and mobile phase consisting of methanol: methylene chloride: ammonia in ratio of 8:2:0.2. The detection was carried out at wavelength of 290 nm. The retardation factor was found to be 0.7 and 0.49 for midodrine and its main degradation product desglymidodrine. The method showed linearity for midodrine over a concentration range of 50–1500 ng/spot with good correlation and determination coefficient. The method was applied successfully for analysis of commercial tablets and oral drops with good recovery and without interference of excipients. The method also was applied for studying the stability of the cited drug under different stress conditions including acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic, oxidative and photo- degradations. Furthermore, the kinetic of acidic and alkaline degradations was investigated and the rate constants were found to be 0.620 and 0.074 K h−1 while half life time (t1/2) values were 1.12 and 9.32 h, respectively.

The importance of herbal medications in the treatment of rhinosinusitis in adults and children: an example of a five-ingredient herbal medicine

This review paper presents current recommendations for the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis according to theEuropean Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020, EPOS 2020. A particularly important and new element ofthese recommendations is to emphasize the role of phytotherapy as a rational treatment method, documented by a randomized,double-blind placebo-controlled trial (DBPC). An example of rational phytotherapy of rhinosinusitis is the BNO 1016 formulationrecommended in EPOS 2020, known under the trade name of Sinupret. Each of the pharmaceutical forms of BNO 1016 coatedtablets (powdered drug; dry extract) and oral drops (ethanol extract), is produced on the basis of the same combination of5 herbal substances such as: gentian root (Gentianae radix), primrose flower (Primulae flos), sorrel herb (Rumicis herba),elderflower (Sambuci flos) and verbena herb (Verbenae herba). BNO 1016 has the status of a drug with well-establishedtherapeutic use, with efficacy and safety confirmed in numerous clinical and preclinical studies. Used in the treatment of acuteuncomplicated rhinosinusitis BNO 1016 has antiviral, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects confirmed inpharmacological studies. Importantly, the drug Sinupret can be used in different age groups and therapeutic regimens (monoand polytherapy), at any stage of sinusitis from cold disease to bacterial rhinosinusitis (in combination with other drugs).