Oral Culture Research Articles

ROS-Induced DNA-Damage and Autophagy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Usnea barbata Oil Extract—An In Vitro Study

Oxidative stress is associated with aging, cancers, and numerous metabolic and chronic disorders, and phenolic compounds are well known for their health-promoting role due to their free-radical scavenging activity. These phytochemicals could also exhibit pro-oxidant effects. Due to its bioactive phenolic secondary metabolites, Usnea barbata (L.) Weber ex. F.H. Wigg (U. barbata) displays anticancer and antioxidant activities and has been used as a phytomedicine for thousands of years. The present work aims to analyze the properties of U. barbata extract in canola oil (UBO). The UBO cytotoxicity on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) CLS-354 cell line and blood cell cultures was explored through complex flow cytometry analyses regarding apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the enzymatic activity of caspase 3/7, cell cycle, nuclear shrinkage (NS), autophagy (A), and synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). All these studies were concomitantly performed on canola oil (CNO) to evidence the interaction of lichen metabolites with the constituents of this green solvent used for extraction. The obtained data evidenced that UBO inhibited CLS-354 oral cancer cell proliferation through ROS generation (316.67 × 104), determining higher levels of nuclear shrinkage (40.12%), cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 (92.51%; G0 is the differentiation phase, while during G1 phase occurs preparation for cell division), DNA fragmentation (2.97%), and autophagy (62.98%) than in blood cells. At a substantially higher ROS level in blood cells (5250.00 × 104), the processes that lead to cell death-NS (30.05%), cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 (86.30%), DNA fragmentation (0.72%), and autophagy (39.37%)-are considerably lower than in CLS-354 oral cancer cells. Our work reveals the ROS-mediated anticancer potential of UBO through DNA damage and autophagy. Moreover, the present study suggests that UBO pharmacological potential could result from the synergism between lichen secondary metabolites and canola oil phytoconstituents.

Oral Epithelial Cell Culture Model for Studying the Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammatory Disease.

The interactions between bacteria, epithelium, and neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are the key to the initiation and progression of many chronic inflammatory-immune diseases. In addition, all can be influenced by external factors, such as micronutrients, thereby providing potentially novel approaches to therapy. This chapter will therefore provide detailed methods for core techniques involved in studying cellular and molecular epithelial responses to a bacterial challenge in relation to chronic inflammatory disease pathogenesis and therapy.

How to promote the development of pupils’s oral speech

One of the main goals of the national curriculum is to develop oral speech culture in students, to develop basic speech skills - writing, reading, listening, speaking. In the standard of Georgian language and literature, one of the most important directions of teaching is the development of oral speech, because this direction combines two closely related speech behaviors: listening and speaking.The consistent development of skills related to these speech behaviors is aimed at forming a person who is ready for free, modern communication. This involves the development of oral communication, expression skills, listening skills, social communication and interactive skills.  At school, the student learns the results of social experience through textbooks, where the necessary information is given in linguistic form. Language is needed so that a person can express his feelings, emotions, mysterious thoughts with its help.A modern school should provide the upbringing of such a person who possesses not only knowledge, but is able to use this knowledge in life. The goal is not for the student to know as much as possible, but to be able to act adequately in any situation and solve problems.We have to teach the child the spoken language, to master the linguistic norms that have been established in the language throughout history, a child's speech and views are formed by the adoption of these norms, a  person needs speech at every step, in every business. After all, speech is a necessary means of expressing thoughts, communicating between people, and perfecting the inner world of a person; It is a type of human action that realizes thinking based on the use of linguistic means; Performs the function of communication, emotional self-expression and influence on other people. Well-developed speech is an important means of active human activity in modern society, and for a student it is a necessary condition for successful learning at school.

Letters in Verse from the Great War

This article sets out to study the records and testimonies created during the First World War in order to understand this important historical moment in the existence of Romanian rural communities. Many of the testimonies of Romanian soldiers capture the shift from oral culture and oral language to writing and written culture. Writing, which the soldiers had yet to fully internalize, was one of the few possibilities available to them on the war front to maintain alive the connection with their families and to leave a trace about the exceptional times they were living. These written accounts, which do not always observe the rules of correct writing, make apparent and available to us today a deep layer of oral culture that had until then been orally transmitted from generation to generation. Romanian soldiers from Transylvania were best known for writing home messages in verse, which they composed on the spot, using memorized set structures and phrases from the shared folklore repertoire circulating at the time in the village world. Privates coming from the Kingdom of Romania also made verses in their letters or journal entries, but it was less common. They would sometimes insert in their notes orally transmitted moral stories or parables, as well as other forms and pieces of the peasant oral culture to which they belonged. Some of these testimonies can present real challenges in terms of understanding the writing but also the semantics of some of the words. While familiarized with letters, writing, and reading, their authors had only a rudimentary knowledge of spelling and punctuation rules. To be able to discern the meanings of these writings today, one needs to first understand the complex circumstances that produced them.

Overexpression of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 during human oral squamous cell carcinogenesis

Background/purposeTransient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channel is involved in cell proliferation and cell survival. Eight members (TRPM1–8) are within the TRPM subfamily. The current study is aimed to investigate TRPM6 expression in human oral carcinogenesis. Materials and methodsSixty-six oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), 47 oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with moderate-severe epithelial dysplasia (ED), 28 OPMD with mild ED, and 33 normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining. Two human oral cancer cell lines (OCCLs), an oral premalignant cell line (DOK), and a normal oral keratinocyte culture (HOK) were used for Western blot analysis. OCCLs were evaluated for proliferation, migration, invasion assays, and intracellular calcium concentration. ResultsTRPM6 protein expression in OSCC was significantly increased as compared with normal samples. Protein expression of TRPM6 in OCCLs was significantly higher as compared with HOK. Significant decreases in degrees of proliferation, migration, invasion, and intracellular calcium concentration were noted in OCCLs with TRPM6 siRNA transfection as compared with those without transfection. Significantly increased TRPM6 protein level was noted in OPMD with moderate-severe ED as compared with those with mild ED. ConclusionOur results implicate that TRPM6 overexpression is potentially related to human oral carcinogenesis.

The Effect of Traditional and Online Learning Approaches on the Survival and Transmission of the Oral Culture, Students' Attitude and National Values

This study examines the effects of providing students with the literature-related foundations of knowledge revealed in the works of the famous Zhyrau who lived in the in the city of Aktau, Mangistau region of Kazakhstan, through online and traditional teaching. For this purpose, pretest-posttest model with study control group was applied. The study was conducted on the subject of "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature" at the Department of Kazakh Philology in the 2022 academic year and lasted 6 weeks. According to the research findings, it has been seen that online supported blended teaching has a positive effect on the success of the course and the retention of what has been learned in the subject of "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature" compared to traditional teaching. In another finding of the study, there was no significant difference in the attitudes and perceptions of national values of the participant student groups on the subject of "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature". In both groups, students in the experimental group with online supported blended teaching and the control group students in the traditional teaching achieved very high posttest course attitude and national value perception scores. Online, blended and traditional activities on "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature" have positively and highly affected students' attitudes and perceptions of national values.

“Fish die of number, animals of footprints, but humans by mouths [words]!”

Abstract This paper discusses the cultural knowledge of Thadou-Kuki which constitutes one of the least explored genres of language use, with the hope that it will remain a source of information for future generation speakers and scholars. The paper provides examples of the vast pool of knowledge that lies underneath the traditional culture. It discusses two types of cultural knowledge in Thadou-Kuki, namely, material and oral culture transmitted from one generation of speakers to the other; these have not received the kind of attention that they deserve. The study shows how both material and oral culture are fast disappearing due to onslaughts from different quarters: the shift from traditional to a more sedentary lifestyle, the shift from traditional religion to Christianity, and finally the shift from traditional modes of entertainment to modern forms of entertainment. Many of the phenomena discussed in the paper apply to many of the other languages spoken in the hills of Northeast India, which are faced with similar threats.

The Birth of “Quow”

This essay revisits the early phases of the history of poetry written primarily in an anglophone Caribbean Creole by closely examining the circumstances in which the White Guyanese administrator Michael McTurk launched his Creole-speaking persona “Quow.” It focuses on an 1870 verse letter to the editor in which McTurk dons the racialized mask of his persona to warn that an inquiry into the abuse of indentured Indian laborers will provoke a violent response from the Afro-Guyanese community. The essay argues that the versification of Quow’s voice seeks to implant him as a “found” character from oral culture within the crossfire of heated yet formal public letters regarding the inquiry. The ballad supplies the means for McTurk to “Black up” the planter voice. In the process, he unwittingly inaugurated a regional tradition of public Creole verse authorship, one whose later exponents would, in different ways, have to contend with McTurk’s minstrel legacy.

Caravaggio’s Rumore: Fact, Fiction and Authority in Giovanni Baglione’s Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects

Abstract Since its publication in 1642, Giovanni Baglione’s Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects from the Pontificate of Gregory XIII of 1572 until the times of Pope Urban VIII in 1642, has been classified as either largely factual or obviously biased, a reflection of the culture of slander in early modern Rome. Definitions of what constituted textual ‘truth’ have changed dramatically since Baglione wrote his Lives, though this has not adequately informed debate. Also overlooked is the degree to which Baglione staked his entire rhetorical agenda around notions of truth and untruth, rumour and opinion, which emerge as central themes throughout both the framing elements and the individual artists’ lives. The present article adopts a new methodological approach to these questions, reassessing Baglione’s central themes of rumour, fama and truth in relation to questions of textuality and intertextuality, fiction and disinformation, rhetoric and agency, and drawing upon recent literary and historical studies of rumour, fame and news when doing so. At the same time, this study investigates conceptions of fame and rumour in relation to contemporary practices of art criticism in oral, manuscript and print cultures and in light of the rivalry between Caravaggio and Baglione.

Poetic Inspiration and Philosophical Self-Discipline: Metapoetic Allusions in Keats’s Hyperion

If Hyperion centers on the contrasting fates of Hyperion and Apollo—gods associated with music, poetic inspiration, truth and prophecy—the primary themes of power, loss, struggle, and suffering can be read metaphorically as metapoetic allusions to the succession of literary generations, articulating the nature of poetry and writing. When rewriting his unfinished Greek fragments into a first-person narrative in 1819, John Keats conducts a major reassessment of Moneta’s role in the project, the Roman equivalent of Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory and the mother of the Muses. He redefines Moneta’s relation to the poet-narrator, the poem’s main protagonist who is engaged in an increasingly self-conscious quest for knowledge of his true self and merits and who eventually undergoes a radical transformation into a superior Olympian god of music and poetry, replacing his Titanic predecessor. The goddess of memory and oral culture embodies an alternative discourse surprisingly decentered and polyvocal in nature. The conventional assumption that writing is a product of the solitary genius is obscured now by an interwoven fabric of discussion, feedback, narrative interventions, negotiations, and textual instability. In so doing, the second-generation English Romantic refutes the assumption that poetic power is a product of a heroic mind and philosophical solipsism rather than a result of a dialogic quest for knowledge.

Orality Reality: Implications for Theological Education in Romania and Beyond

Orality, generally defined as the preference for the spoken over the written word, is an academic discipline that has only recently received attention from the missiological community. The reality of widespread oral preference, also known as “secondary orality,” is no less true in Europe. In this article, the author focuses on the Romanian context. Using qualitative research gleaned from interviews with nine university-educated Romanians, patterns are developed that display how “secondary oral learners” choose to learn and retain new information. Specific attention is given to theologically-related material. Six implications for theological education are advanced in the areas of (1) hermeneutics, (2) preaching, (3) evangelism, (4) discipleship, (5) church planting, and (6) leadership development. Paths forward for ministry in oral preference cultures like Romania are developed. The author concludes that the implementation of such suggestions could lead to more holistic ministry and is potentially transferrable to similar contexts.

Harnessing insect olfactory neural circuits for detecting and discriminating human cancers

There is overwhelming evidence that presence of cancer alters cellular metabolic processes, and these changes are manifested in emitted volatile organic compound (VOC) compositions of cancer cells. Here, we take a novel forward engineering approach by developing an insect olfactory neural circuit-based VOC sensor for cancer detection. We obtained oral cancer cell culture VOC-evoked extracellular neural responses from in vivo insect (locust) antennal lobe neurons. We employed biological neural computations of the antennal lobe circuitry for generating spatiotemporal neuronal response templates corresponding to each cell culture VOC mixture, and employed these neuronal templates to distinguish oral cancer cell lines (SAS, Ca9-22, and HSC-3) vs. a non-cancer cell line (HaCaT). Our results demonstrate that three different human oral cancers can be robustly distinguished from each other and from a non-cancer oral cell line. By using high-dimensional population neuronal response analysis and leave-one-trial-out methodology, our approach yielded high classification success for each cell line tested. Our analyses achieved 76–100% success in identifying cell lines by using the population neural response (n = 194) collected for the entire duration of the cell culture study. We also demonstrate this cancer detection technique can distinguish between different types of oral cancers and non-cancer at different time-matched points of growth. This brain-based cancer detection approach is fast as it can differentiate between VOC mixtures within 250 ms of stimulus onset. Our brain-based cancer detection system comprises a novel VOC sensing methodology that incorporates entire biological chemosensory arrays, biological signal transduction, and neuronal computations in a form of a forward-engineered technology for cancer VOC detection.

Sweden, Inc.: Temporal Sovereignty of the Realm and People from the Middle Ages to Modernity

Sweden, Inc.: Temporal Sovereignty of the Realm and People from the Middle Ages to Modernity

Mysterious objects: exploring imaginary community, community imagination and cinematic translations of Scottish oral traditions within documentary film production and post-production

ABSTRACT This essay explores the multimodal translation of Scottish community oral cultures to cinema through a critical reflection upon aspects of the production and post-production of a feature-length documentary film, Mysterious Object. Guided by the work of cultural studies authors such as James Clifford and Stuart Hall, alongside reference to oral cinemas elsewhere in the world (such as the work of Apichatpong Weerasethakul in Thailand, indigenous filmmakers in North America, and the films of Gaston Kaboré and Ousmane Sembene in West Africa) reflection focuses upon some of the ironies, imbalances and contradictions inherent within the imperfect processes of transition when translating orality to screen. Discussion explores in particular the impact of cinematic translation upon changing experiences of time, the authority of the oral storyteller, and the manner in which an oral cinema may serve to articulate the collective imagination of the community.

Narrator czy… poeta oralny? Mickiewiczowski „Powrót taty” w opracowaniu muzycznym Henryka Jareckiego i Jana Gołębiowskiego

The article discusses the opera-ballad Powrót taty (Father’s return) in a musical edition by Henryk Jarecki with a libretto by Jan Gołębiowski. Its goal is to present the manners of building the character and the narrative. Apart from the characteristic features of a ballad, the text also discusses the category of an oral poet, a “storyteller” and the dialogue relation (“speaking” instead of “talking”.) These are the means that gave Mickiewicz’s ballad a new dimension. Helpful in its reception are texts on cultural practices, especially those referring to oral culture (compare with e.g. Jack Goody, Albert B. Lord, Eric A. Havelock, Walter J. Ong.).

Podcasting for Social Justice: An Interview Series

Podcasts support inclusivity and access in classrooms in several ways. For instance, students from oral cultures or for whom English is not a first language may find listening more accessible than reading, students can multitask while listening to course material, and students can become exposed to new perspectives. Instructors should be intentional about curating diverse voices in the podcasts they assign. Furthermore, instructors can create podcasts to form a more personal connection with students in a large lecture course or online course. Finally, instructors can assign students to create a podcast as a course project, which can support students’ connections with each other and with community members, and help them see themselves as knowledge creators with perspectives worth sharing with the world. In this series, you will read about the advantages of using podcasts to support social justice in the classroom. You will hear stories from instructors and students who have used podcasting in the classroom in various ways to support social justice learning.

Bellek Kavramı Bağlamında “Kulüp” Dizisinin Hatırlattıkları ve Toplumsal Yansımaları

Başlangıç ve bitişlerin tarihin seyrine yön vermesi gibi bireysel ya da toplumsal belleğin katmanlarında da izler bırakmaktadır. 20. Yüzyıl bellek çalışmalarının önemsendiği, disiplinlerarası araştırmalara konu edildiği ve bu araştırmaların sonuçlarına dayandırılarak insanın temel unsur olduğu tarih yazımının yeniden şekillendiği bir zaman dilimidir. Belleğin bir tür hatırlama mekanizması olarak ele alınışı, diğer bir ifadeyle oluşan arşiv sistemi, sözlü kültürden yazıla kültüre geçişin emarelerini taşıdığı gibi, soyut olanın somuta dönüşerek adeta görünür kılınması belleğin daha da canlı tutulmasını sağlar. Görüntünün ardındaki gerçeklik bireysel bellek çıkarımlarının öznelliğini ifade ederken, kolektif belleğin nesnel birikimlerini de sergiler. İnsanlık tarihi, gelecek zamanlara ve kuşaklara kapılarını aralar adeta. Sözlü kültürün izlerini taşıyan mitler, masallar ve destanları, yazılı kültüre geçişle birlikte mekânlar, buluntular, el yazmaları, sanat eserleri takip eder bellek ayrıntılarında. Teknolojinin olanakları, belleği dijital boyuta taşımış, görüntü dilini kullanan arşivler yaratılmıştır. Fotoğraf karelerinden sıyrılan insan ifadeleri beyaz perde de vücut bulmuştur. Sinema sanatının geniş kitleleri kısa sürede etkileyebilme gücü ve popülerliği bellek oluşumlarında sıkça tercih edilen bir araç olarak kullanılmasına neden olmuştur. Sinemanın anlatım dilindeki zamansızlık izleyiciyi bellek katmanlarında yolculuğa çıkartabilmektedir. Sinemanın gücünü kullanan televizyon ve günümüzün dijital yayın platformları da toplumdaki farklı bakış açılarını belleğe gönderme yaparak özgün yapımlar üretmektedirler. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de en çok izlenme payına sahip dijital yayın platformu Netflix’in orijinal yapımları arasında yer alan “Kulüp” dizi, 1950’li yılların Türkiye’si ve özelde İstanbul’un ağırlıklı olarak gayrimüslimlerin yaşadığı Beyoğlu semtine ışık tutarak, dönemin belirleyici özelliklerini, Sefarad Yahudileri’nin gözünden aktarmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan Kulüp dizisinin 10 bölümü, nitel araştırmada kullanılan amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan tipik durum örneklemi yöntemine göre incelenecektir. Tipik durum örneklemi için belirlenen “zaman”, “mekân”, “azınlıklar” ve “inanç” faktörleri, ele alınan araştırma konusunda bellek oluşumunun toplumsal yansımalarını ortaya koymamızı sağlayacaktır.

What Has Jerusalem to Do with the Internet? World Christianity and Digital Culture

This article was originally presented as the keynote address at the 2021 Yale-Edinburgh Conference, on the theme “Oral, Print, and Digital Cultures in World Christianity and the History of Mission.” It highlights the rise of digital technologies and the resultant development of digital culture—a culture that scholars of World Christianity are among the most well-suited to study. The article offers vignettes into different ways the Christian message has been translated into digital media and argues that this move transforms the digital space into a divine space, which offers new modes for people to experience, perceive, and practice the Christian religion.

Orality, multimodality and creativity in digital writing: Chinese users’ experiences and practices with bullet comments on Bilibili

ABSTRACT Responding to recent calls in sociolinguistics and social semiotics to study the material, technological and embodied features of writing, this article examines Chinese users’ experiences and practices with the emergent technology of bullet comments on Bilibili, a major video-sharing platform and breeding ground for online subcultures. As one of the first studies based on in-depth interviews with its long term users, this article demonstrates that the unique design of bullet comments, by inserting writing into a moving screen, creates multimedia, multimodal semiotic affordances, reinforces “participatory spectacles,” and facilitates powerful multisensory, bonding experiences similar to the (secondary) orality culture. Users’ diverse range of adaptive and creative practices, which resemiotize available linguistic, visual and cultural resources to create new meaning-making possibilities, are analysed. Considering the recent “desubculturization” of Bilibili and its increased interactions with mainstream culture and the state media, this timely study is well positioned to capture users’ observations about this transition, and assess potential impacts on their experiences and writing practices. It is pointed out that the new synergy of youth nationalism and the technology of bullet comments reflects the complex interplay between writing as a technologized social-semiotic practice, and the wider social, cultural and political conditions.

High density of CD8 T cell and immune imbalance of T lymphocytes subsets are associated with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.

Oral leukoplakia (OL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) are oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that microscopically show no or varying degrees of dysplasia. Even sharing clinical and microscopic aspects, PVL shows a more aggressive clinical behaviour, with a malignant transformation rate greater than 40%. Inflammatory infiltrate associated with dysplastic lesions may favour malignant transformation of OPMDs. This study aimed to evaluate the density of T cells and cytokines in dysplastic lesions from OL and PVL patients. Additionally, we evaluated whether soluble products produced in vitro by dysplastic keratinocytes are capable of modulating apoptosis rates and Th phenotype (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The density of CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines and chemokines profile from frozen tissue samples were analysed using the LUMINEX system. Apoptosis rates and Th phenotype modulation were evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results showed an increase in the number of CD8 T cell in the subepithelial region from PVL dysplastic lesions in relation to OL samples. PVL showed increased levels of IL-5 and a decrease in IL-1β and IFN-γ levels compared to OL. Soluble products of PVL and oral carcinoma cell cultures were able to reduce apoptosis rate and promote an imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg. The high-subepithelial density of CD8 T cells and immune imbalance of T lymphocytes subsets probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of PVL and may explain its more aggressive behaviour in relation to OL.