The occurrence of psychosis in six women associated with their use of combined or sequential hormone oral contraceptive agents, five of whom had a previous psychiatric history, suggested the possibility that there was increased risk in oral contraceptive hormone use in psychiatric patients. This report concerns the data gathered from an interview study on 130 nonpsychiatric patients and 64 women who had undergone psychiatric care. Psychiatric patients more often reported change related to drug use. Depression, irritability, and lethargy occurred most often in both groups, and, while psychiatric patients reported more of these symptoms, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Psychiatric patients were significantly different with regard to feeling increased well-being, increased sexual desire, and capacity for orgasm as well as increased sensitivity to stopping drugs to permit the menses. While these changes would seem to reflect a beneficial effect on psychiatric patients, they seldom occurred without more undersiable symptoms. Psychiatric patients were different from both groups of nonpsychiatric patients with regard to reported irregularity of menses, anxiety during the menses, disability at the menses, and infrequency of sexual intercourse. The nonpsychiatric symptomatic group was significantly different from the asymptomatic control group on ratings of disability at the menses, lessened frequency of sexual intercourse, infrequent orgasm, and menstrual symptoms relieved by drug use. On the latter two factors, the psychiatric patients were also different from the asymptomatic group. The symptomatic nonpsychiatric group, therefore, seemed to fall intermediate in position between the asymptomatic group and the psychiatric group, suggesting the possibility that drug use had enhanced the expression of latent neurotic traits. The interaction of the drug induced pseudopregnant endocrine state with personality factors reported here seems very similar to that associated with pregnancy, where changes in catecholamine metabolism have recently been demonstrated. Similar clinical experiences have been reported with antihypertensive agents where psychologically predisposed individuals have suffered serious depressive illness with drug use. Our data suggest that further investigation of the effect of natural and synthetic hormonal substances on biogenic amine metabolism may be fruitful in assisting the understanding these reactions.