Optimum Bitumen Content Research Articles

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MATERIAL QUALITY OF ASPHALT IN JIMMA TOWN ROAD PROJECT

The repetitive traffic loadings that the road experiences during its service life, combined with temperature fluctuations, cause rutting, fatigue and other forms of deteriorations, which ultimately degrade the performance and durability of pavement structures. According to test procedure specified by ASTM D1559 several hot asphalt mixture were prepared, the aggregate blend made by Job mix formula to obtain the percentage of mix material is give Hot-bin one is 26%, Hot-bin two is 23%, and Hot-bin three 51% where hot-bin one is (20-13.2mm), hot-bin two (13.2-5.0mm) and hot-bin three (5.0-0.00mm). The result of Marshall Test on mix design for hot asphalt mixture, for wearing coarse were conclude that the material used for mix design is good, which gives Marshall stability, 12.57 KN with optimum bitumen content of 5.2% (by weight of total aggregate). Hence the quality of aggregate is good but the influence of other factors such as poor drainage courses, level of ground water table, Varity of geological materials along the road rout and poor construction methodology caused the defect. The flow result of the Marshall mix design gives as 3.6 % which is approach of upper limit of specification 4%, So when flow become high in the mix it result long term deterioration of asphalt performance, hence the pavement condition along the study area has been affected by different failure types such as cracks, surface defect and disintegrating from site observation may result of this.

PEMANFAATAN BATU ZEOLITE SEBAGAI AGREGAT KASAR PADA CAMPURAN ASPHALT CONCRETE BINDER COURSE (AC-BC) DENGAN BAHAN IKAT ASPAL PERTAMINA PEN 60/70 DAN STARBIT E-60

In the construction project, especially the roads in Yogyakarta and surrounding areas, the aggregate used is derived from the Clereng Kulonprogo. This amount of aggregate usage results in scarcity and affects the price to become expensive. The use of coarse aggregate materials as an alternative is rare. In reality, it is necessary to make innovation by utilizing the coarse aggregate of zeolite stone, which is still quite widely available in the Klaten area. Based on the preliminary test, the zeolite aggregate has a lower abrasion resistance compared to the andesite aggregate from Clereng. Using a modified asphalt Starbit E-60, which has a deficient penetration value, is expected to provide better stability to compensate for the weakness of zeolite stones. A combination of a mixture between a coarse aggregate of zeolite Stones and Andesite is tested until how large the proportion of zeolite stones of such combinations can provide the optimum value to AC-BC layer pavement. This research compares the performance of the AC-BC mixture using zeolite and andesite stones. It determines the feasibility of zeolites stone, in substituting the andesite stone, in the AC-BC mixture. It is also to know the influence of the use of Starbit E-60 in the AC-BC mixture. The comparison of those performances was referred to as Marshall characteristics, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and Immersion; using Pen asphalt Pen. 60/70 and Starbit E-60 as a binder. Trial mix was applied to the bitumen content variation of 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, to determine Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) by conducting Marshall testing. The variety of substitution zeolite proportions of 0%, 25%, and 75% was made in each trial mix above. The research result showed that the maximum percentage of zeolite aggregate in the mixture using an asphalt Pen 60/70, which meets with specification standard, is 28%, while the mixture using Starbit E-60 is 26%. ITS value decreases as the percentage of zeolite are increased. ITS value of mix with Starbit E-60 is higher than that of mix with asphalt Pen 60/70. Cantabro Loss value increases with zeolite proportion increase, for both mixed with Starbit E-60 and asphalt Pen 60/70. Cantabro loss of mix with Starbit E-60 is lower than that of with asphalt Pen 60/70. IRS value decrease with an increasing proportion of zeolite.

EVALUATION OF RECYCLED ASPHALT MIXTURE TECHNICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY

Using of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has been become indispensable in most of the world nations as for its many benefits as significant cost savings and provide environmental benefits. Many factors such as virgin materials, binder content, availability of RAP, viscosity of binder and extent of deterioration had important role in effecting on Optimum percentage of RAP. In this study, effect of using RAP on the asphalt mixture properties and the its optimum ratio was determined to achieve the objective of the study. The glass fiber (GS) was used as additives to improve the asphalt mixture. It has been observed from the previous researches that the optimum percentage of reclaimed asphalt use is not determiner and is disagreed from project to project. So, different percentages of RAP was (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) by weight of aggregate were added as well as using the additive GS at optimum bitumen content. The study is revealed that untreated 100% RAP materials are not good as a bituminous mix. and was showed that mix prepared with 25% RAP gave nearly the same physical and strength parameters as virgin bituminous mix. From results of study, the use of RAP until (%50) as a maximum percentage in unmodified asphalt mixture course sustained good results. To achieve better performance, the percentage of 25% RAP was used with percentage of 0.26% GS. This mix achieved the specification requirements and ensured the degree of better performance for paving. The economical evaluation of using percentage of 25% RAP with percentage of 0.26% GS was also studied. The results indicated that, about 21% of the cost was saved. Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), Marshall Mix Design, Material Testing, Stability, Glass fiber, Optimum Bitumen Content, Cost effectiveness.

Improving strength of porous asphalt: a nano material experimental approach

Porous asphalt (PA) has potential to be utilized in many urban area in Indonesia which often faced high street runoff during rainy season. PA is an environmentally friendly tool for stormwater management. A typical porous pavement has an open-graded surface over an underlying stone recharge bed. The water drains through the porous asphalt and into the stone bed, then, slowly, infiltrates into the soil. However, despite of the benefit of porous asphalt, there is still weaknesses, such as less of service life than dense-graded asphalt due to its lower durability and strength. In order to improve durability and strength of PA, this study investigates the effect of using fly ash (FA) class F in porous asphalt (PA) mixture as replacement of common filler. Since asphalt pen 60/70 is mainly binder material in Indonesia, it is used as the default for all samples in this experiment. The optimum bitumen content (OBC) was determined for all the mix by Marshall mix design. In view of the nanomaterial approach, samples were then prepared for the same optimum bitumen content (5.85%) by using Bina-Marga’s PA standard in control mix as well as natural FA and treated FA as alternative filler in modified mixes. Treated FA itself has been milled using transversal ball mill machine for 3 to 6 hours. Experimental results indicated higher stability value and reduction of permeability with the same OBC for the mixture having treated FA as filler content in comparison with standard mix and natural FA mix. It is proposed that additional finer material of treated Fly ash as alternative filler added into asphalt mixture resulted in improvement strength. In order to do that, the required amount of treated Fly ash should be less than 200 grams.

Application of gamma irradiation on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) for use in asphaltic concrete mixtures as aggregates replacement

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly available kinds of plastic present in the municipal solid waste and it is a non-biodegradable semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer, studied as polyester material. This paper intends to assess impacts of using PET (regular and irradiated) as aggregate that would replace by volume of equal size (10.00-5.00mm) in asphalt blend on the engineering properties of dense graded asphaltic concrete. The volumetric and mechanical properties of the blends incorporating different percent of PET (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20) were determined. In all mixtures, 5.0% optimum bitumen content was utilized. The outcome revealed that aggregate substitution of 10% (equivalent to 2.4% by weight of total mix) with irradiated PET result in optimum Marshall Stability and flow value of 3.6mm. It also showed that mixes with irradiated PET at 100kGy radiation dose have Marshall Stability values higher than mixes with same contents of regular PET. The finding also shows that the addition of PET and utilization of gamma radiation has a critical constructive outcome on the properties of asphalt concrete mixes as the stability increases for mixes with irradiated PET when compared with mixes with regular PET (RPET).

Experimental investigation on the properties of bitumen added with industrial waste (cast iron)

Abstract Bitumen pavements or flexible pavements are the most commonly used type of pavements in India. Because of high temperature roads that are laid, especially in water prone areas are highly getting damaged due to heavy traffic and deteriorating before their life span. Decrease these damages and In order to avoid cracking of the pavement and improve its stability several measures such as, use of quality materials, and improving the roadway design. The bitumen that is available in India is of cheap quality, not gives good strength and stability to the pavement. So providing the reinforcement using admixtures to this may give us desirable results. In this research an attempt is made to utilize cast iron which is a waste material to enhance the quality of bitumen mix. This material can be successfully used in the construction of pavements. Experimental phase of this research starts with bitumen and aggregates quality tests. The optimum bitumen content is out using mix design process and penetration, softening, viscosity, ductility, conventional samples. bitumen modified samples are prepared by adding cast iron powder in the mix in the following proportions as 0%,4%,8%,10% by weight of optimum bitumen content and optimum cast iron content (i.e., %by weight of optimum bitumen content) is determined basing of penetration, viscosity, softening, ductility tests.

Use of Ceramic Waste as Fine Aggregate in Bituminous Mix in Flexible Pavement Design

In bituminous road construction aggregate is the principal material. Aggregates constitute about 90% or even more of the total construction materials. While selecting aggregate for road construction, search has to be intensified for easily accessible, low-cost natural aggregates and investigate the suitability of indigenous aggregates. Every effort must be taken to select the most economical aggregate which should also perform satisfactorily the design criteria for the road construction conditions. A laboratory investigation was carried out to investigate the design performance of bituminous pavement using different fine aggregates. While constructing bituminous pavement a mix of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mineral filler, and bitumen are used. The demand for natural fine aggregate can be reduced by recycling waste tiles chips. Waste tiles, chips aggregate refer to aggregate that has been previously used in the concrete structure as a floor finish. This study easy carried out to investigate the possibility of using waste tiles, chips as a fine aggregate. Therefore, two types of fine aggregate were used to study and compare the behavior of bituminous mixes using waste tiles with that of coarse sand. The Marshall Mix design procedure specified by AASHTO standard was followed in the determination of stability, flow, density, voids in the mixes and the optimum bitumen content. The test specimens were compacted with 50 blows from the consideration of medium traffic. The test results indicated that dense graded bituminous mixes with two types of different fine aggregates satisfy the Marshall Design criteria. From the economic consideration, mixes with waste tiles, chips are comparatively more suitable when available at the construction site. Dense bituminous mix using waste tiles, chips as fine aggregate for medium traffic, is a feasible option from the standpoint of stability, stiffness, deformations and void characteristics.

Effects of Crumb Rubber Size and Concentration on Marshall Parameters of Rubberized Asphalt Mixture

The depletion of natural aggregate sources which generally accounts for a huge percent of Hot Mixed Asphalts (HMAs) and the difficulty posed by disposal scrap tires are a major environmental concern for the future. The use of waste products like scrap tires in highway construction is considered a sustainable way of dealing with these issues. Crumb rubber is a material pulverized from waste polymer products like scrap tires which are then added to HMAs to improve their performance. This study focuses on the sensitivity of crumb rubber particle sizes (fine ≤1.18 mm), (coarse ≥1.18 mm and ≤3.35 mm) (and mix of 50% fine and 50% coarse) and partial replacement (1.5 and 2.5% of total weight) of aggregates on the Marshall test parameters of rubberized asphalt mixes. The Marshall test parameters: density, stability, VTM, VFB of both rubberized asphalt and conventional asphalt samples were compared and also the Asphalt Institute (AI) and National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) methods were used to obtain the optimum bitumen content (OBC). From the results, it suggests that; the utilization of dry process methodology of adding crumb rubber additives in different sizes and percentages had a considerable effect on Marshal test parameters and also influences the optimum binder content estimates. The results of this study can be used as a reference point for the use of crumb rubber in HMAs.

Comparative Study on Marshall Characteristics of Bituminous Mixes by Partial Replacement of Foundry Sand and Ceramic Tile Dust as Fine Aggregate

Bituminous hot mixes for flexible pavement construction are the most widely used throughout the world. Mainly aggregate, sand, bitumen and filler are used for flexible pavement construction. But in case of filler, engineers are divided according to their choice depending on the availability of materials and environmental condition. In this investigation an attempt is made to investigate the properties of bituminous pavement materials by the partial replacement of spent foundry sand and ceramic tile dust individually as fine aggregate with an increment of 10%. Actually Foundry sand is a high quality silica sand and it is used to form molds for ferrous (iron and steel) and non-ferrous (copper, aluminum, brass etc.) metal castings. A huge quantity of foundry sand is used by metal casting industries every year and disposed them after being used. On the other hand two sources are available for ceramic wastes. Ceramic’s industry is the first source and second is the construction sight of ceramic’s work. A huge quantity of ceramic wastes are produced from these sources and if these wastes can be utilized in pavement construction, the disposal and pollution problem can be minimized. The main target of this investigation is to determine optimum bitumen content (OBC) and suitable mix to ensure a durable and cost effective pavement after being partial replacement of foundry sand and ceramic tile dust. The proposed mix design will be conducted in accordance with Marshall Mix design. After performing the experimental investigation it is found that for 30% replacement of waste foundry sand and higher percentage of ceramic tile dust provide superior field performance and better stability than the conventional mixes.

Effect of buton’s granular asphalt gradation on marshall stability of cold emulsified asphalt mixtures under wet condition

This study aims to compare the performance of Cold Mix Asphalt with Buton’s Granular Asphalt taking into account gradation of BGA and gradation of BGA Mineral in a combined gradation under wet condition. The specimens were made with optimum bitumen content of 8%, water content of 5%, and Buton’s Granular Asphalt content of 6-13.5%. Marshall Stability testing refers to National Standard of Indonesia number 06-2489-1991. The maximal Marshall Stability of CEAM under wet condition which takes into account gradation of BGA in combined gradation is obtained at BGA content of 11.75%. The maximal Marshall Stability of CEAM under wet condition which takes into account gradation of BGAM in combined gradation is obtained at BGA content of 11%. The Marshall stability of CEAM taking into account BGA gradation in combined gradation were higher of 3-14% than which takes into account the gradation of BGA Mineral. Therefore, design gradation of Cold Mix Asphalt using Buton’s Granular Asphalt which be recommended in The Construction and Building Guideline, Public Work Department of Republic of Indonesia of 2006, should be revised to take into account gradation of BGA in combined gradation.

Behaviour of Bituminous Concrete Mixes with addition of Waste Plastic Bottle via Dry Process

The research work was carried out to investigate the behaviour of bituminous concrete mix with addition of waste plastic bottles made up of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) via dry process. Marshall moulds were prepared with bitumen content 5.0 to 5.8% (with 0.2% increment) and waste plastic content 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14 % by weight of bitumen. Mechanical properties required for an ideal mix were determined. Results show that with increase in quantity of PET, mechanical properties of bituminous concrete mixes improve initially up to certain extent. The optimum bitumen content for conventional mixes was found to be 5.66%. Modified mix of 8% PET content with 5.40% bitumen content fulfils the requirements of modified mixes as per IRC SP-98, 2013 specifications. Bitumen content reduced to be 4.59% with addition of waste plastic bottle in bituminous concrete mixes. Hence, application of plastic waste in bituminous pavements is environmental friendly solution in terms of disposal of non-biodegradable waste plastic along with improvement in mechanical properties of bituminous mixes.

FARKLI ILIK KARIŞIM KATKILARI İLE HAZIRLANAN MARSHALL NUMUNELERİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Asfalt üretiminde uygulamaya konulan bilimsel gelişmelerden biri de ılık karışım asfalt teknolojisidir. Ilık karışım asfalt teknolojisi ile daha düşük sıcaklıklarda asfalt üretimi mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Pawma-1 (%0,35) ve Low Energy and Low Carbon-Dioxide Asphalt Pavement (Leadcap) (%1,5) ılık karışım asfalt katkı maddeleri ile Stiren-Butadien-Stiren (SBS) (%2) katkı maddesi karışım numunelerinde denenmiştir. Bununla beraber, sönmüş kirecin ılık karışım asfaltlarda filler olarak kullanımının etkileri de incelenmiştir. Çalışmada TÜPRAŞ rafinerisinden temin edilen bitüm (B50/70) ve agrega olarak Elazığ Hankendi bölgesinden temin edilen kalker türü kırmataş malzeme kullanılmıştır. Modifiye bağlayıcılar hazırlandıktan sonra Marshall yöntemine göre optimum bitüm oranları belirlenerek karışım numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. Karışım numunelerinin yarısında filler yerine %2 oranında sönmüş kireç kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan numuneler üzerinde Marshall stabilite ve akma deneyi (ASTM D-1559) uygulanmıştır. Leadcap, Pawma-1 ve SBS katkıları ile hazırlanan karışımlarda stabilite artmıştır. Sönmüş kirecin, ılık karışım asfaltların stabilitelerini arttırdığı görülmüştür. Sönmüş kireç katkılı SBS modifiyeli karışımların en olumlu sonuçları verdikleri tespit edilmiştir.

Feasible utilization of waste limestone sludge as filler in bituminous concrete

The dimensional limestone industries produce a substantial amount of waste limestone sludge during the polishing of stone slabs. The storage and disposal of this non-biodegradable sludge cause issues regarding environmental pollution, shortage of disposal land, increase in transportation cost, and several other associated problems. This study investigated the usability of dried limestone sludge (LS) instead of conventional stone dust (SD) as filler in bituminous concrete mixes. The performance of SD and LS incorporated mixes in several aspects was compared, and the amount of LS needed to ensure optimum bituminous mix behavior is determined. The physical and chemical properties of both fillers were initially explored. Then bituminous concrete mixes having both fillers added at four different proportions (4, 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5% by weight of aggregates) were prepared using the Marshall mix design method and their optimum bitumen contents (OBC) were determined. The performance of both mixes was studied. LS mixes displayed paramount rutting resistance, fatigue resistance, indirect tensile strength, ravelling, and resilient modulus than conventional mixes. It mostly attributed to the fine nature of LS, which ensured its better distribution. LS mixes also had lower OBC than SD mixes due to lower porosity and bitumen extender action of LS. LS displayed a good affinity towards bitumen due to calcite in its composition, which led to excellent adhesion and moisture resistance in its mixes. The test results suggested that the utilization of chosen LS as filler at an optimum filler percentage of 6.45% can result in formation of bituminous mixes with satisfactory engineering properties, lower bitumen content as well as lower greenhouse gas emissions.

SISALIN BİTÜMLÜ SICAK KARIŞIM İÇERİSİNDE LİF OLARAK KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is very common as a highway construction material. Although investment costs are lower than other pavements, HMA needs maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) more often because of environmental conditions. The time needed for M&R can be extended by using fibers in the mixture. In this study, utility of sisal (Agave Sisalana) plants’ fibers are investigated in HMA. Initially, optimum bitumen content according to best aggregate gradation is determined using Superpave volumetric mix design process. Then, fiber is prepared as short (~3 cm) and long (15 – 100 cm) pieces. Prepared fibers are added into HMA mixtures at different ratios (1, 2 and 3‰ by weight of mixture) based on optimum bitumen content. 1‰ short sisal fiber added specimen gave the best unconditioned indirect tensile strength values, and also long fibers gave best tensile strength ratios.

Resilient Modulus Performance of Warm Mix Asphaltic Concrete using Cecabase RT Additive

Warm mix asphalt is an energy efficient mix that can be produced at lower temperature than the conventional hot mix asphalt, while maintaining the properties and performance required for the conventional hot mix asphalt. This paper presents a study in mix design of dense graded asphaltic concrete using a warm mix additive known as Cecabase RT. Type AC14 gradation for granite aggregates and bitumen of penetration type 60/70 were used for this study based on the Public Works Department of Malaysia’s Standard Specification for Road Works. The mixing temperature for the control sample AC14 mix without the additive was set at 160°C while for the mix using the Cecabase RT additive, the mixing temperature was set at 135°C. Marshall test procedure were then used to prepare the samples and volumetric properties were then evaluated to determine the optimum bitumen content. The optimum Cecabase RT additive content was then determined using samples prepared at the optimum bitumen content. The resilient modulus test was then carried out on the samples based on the repeated load indirect tensile test at temperatures of 25°C and 40°C at three different pulse repetition periods. From the analysis of the results, it was found that optimum bitumen content was at 4.9% while the optimum Cecabase RT additive content for the AC14 mix is 0.3%. The resilient modulus values obtained for the mix using Cecabase RT warm mix additive is higher than the control samples at both test temperatures and at all the pulse repetition period tested. It can be concluded that the use of Cecabase RT additive have the advantages of reducing the mixing temperature, thus producing a more energy efficient mix while improving the stiffness of the mix in terms of resilient modulus values, thus increasing a pavement load carrying capacity.

Characteristic of Coconut-Shell Ash as Filler and LDPE Plastic Waste as Substitution Materials of Porous Asphalt Mixtures

Porous asphalt is designed to have a relatively higher porosity than other pavement types, this porous property is obtained because the proportion of fine aggregate is less than other types of mixtures. In an effort to increase the strength of porous asphalt pavement structures, it is required to use other added materials both as additives, stabilizers and substitution materials. In this study, the added material used was low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste as a substitute for asphalt and coconut-shell ash (CA) as filler substitution material. Stone ash, cement and fly ash are commonly used as fillers in asphalt mixture, CA is expected to be one of the alternatives. This study aims to determine the characteristics of using LDPE into asphalt pen. 60/70 and the use of 50% CA filler on the characteristics of porous asphalt mixture and to find out indications of deficiencies and strengths in the asphalt mixture. On the initial bitumen content without using substitutes, the optimum bitumen content (OAC) was 5.76% with the variation used of LDPE 3%, 5% and 7% and 50% CA as filler. At OAC value 5.76% with 3% LDPE substitution meet all required parameter. With the value of Marshall Stability, VIM, Flow, AFD, and CL are 560.50kg, 18.61%, 4.3mm, 0.22% and 19.69% respectively.

Modification of Bituminous Mixture using Polyethylene Granules

Pavement performance is generally influenced by traffic, moisture, and quality of construction and maintenance. Deterioration on road surface can develop due to one or combination of these factors. In order to improve pavement performance, the modification of bituminous mixture for road surface can be achieved by adding additives or modifiers in the mix. This study presents the utilization of two types of polyethylene (PE): high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE), a plastic waste products as an additive to enhance the properties of bituminous mixture. PE has been extensively used in industrial and domestic applications due to its low-cost, lightweight and durable properties. Wearing course samples of control and modified mixes were prepared using Marshall mix design method and according to Standard Specification for Road Works as guidelines. Three types of HDPE/LDPE blends with ratios of 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 have been prepared and tested. It was found that polyethylene modified bituminous mixes show significant increment in Marshall stability and lower optimum bitumen content (OBC) in comparison to unmodified mix, where equal blend of HDPE/LDPE (50/50) shows a better Marshall properties. This shows that an addition of polyethylene in bituminous mix can withstand higher traffic loading with lower bitumen content.

Improving Strength of Porous Asphalt: A Nano Material Experimental Approach

Porous asphalt (PA) has potential to be utilized in many urban area in Indonesia which often faced high street runoff during rainy season. PA can be a solution for storm water management. A typical porous pavement has an open-graded surface over an underlying stone recharge bed. The water drains through the porous asphalt and into the stone bed, then, slowly, infiltrates into the soil. However, despite of the benefit of porous asphalt, there is still weaknesses, such as less of service life than dense-graded asphalt due to its lower durability and strength. In order to improve durability and strength of PA, this study investigates the effect of utilizing fly ash (FA) class F in porous asphalt (PA) mixture as replacement in aggregate gradation and perform as filler. Mechanical activation (grinding) of fly ash was performed resulting in reduction of particle size. This material gives more strength since the more of surface area that can bind in finer particle size. Utilizing fly ash into nanomaterial is one of the methods for this study. Material approaches for nanomaterial were proposed by breaking up larger particles with physical processes such as grinding or milling. This is called mechanical activation. Since asphalt pen 60/70 is mainly binder material in Indonesia, it is used as the default for all samples in this experiment. The optimum bitumen content (OBC) was determined for all the mix by Marshall mix design. In view of the nanomaterial approach, samples were then prepared for the same optimum bitumen content (5.85%) by using Bina-Marga’s PA standard in control mix as well as natural FA and modified FA as alternative filler in modified mixes. modified FA itself has been milled using transversal ball mill machine for 3 to 6 hours. This experimental study indicated higher stability value and reduction of permeability with the same OBC for the mixture having modified FA as filler content in comparison with standard mix and natural FA mix. All sample conformed with Indonesian asphalt porous Specification. This trends will become as a starting point for improvement in the future research. For further research, binder modification with added material such as rubber or nanoparticles are highly recommended to improve strength and durability of asphalt porous. However, another method need to be proposed for reduction of particle size in fly ash into nanomaterial range.

Aging effect condition on hot asphalt mixtures marshall (AC-BC) performance by using slag

The technology of using waste for road construction by using slag as an aggregate substitute can reduce costs as well as environmentally friendly technology. Hot mix asphalt pavement (HMA) will experience aging both short and long term, this study was conducted to see how the effects of aging in hot asphalt mixtures by using slag. There were three types of mixtures in this study with different levels of slag, aging test specimens were conditioned by the AASHTO R30 testing method. The results of testing the slag characteristics with SEM that the slag surface is roughness than the natural aggregate, also the slag has porosity on its surface indicates that the slag has stronger adhesion properties with the asphalt. In hot asphalt mixtures with slags obtained by increasing the slag percentage, the optimum bitumen content will be smaller but if viewed from the optimum Marshall stability value at a slag percentage of 20%. Then the mixture was conditioned for short-term aging with a higher Marshall stability value compared to normal conditions with void in mixture (VIM) values, while for long-term aging the stability value decreased compared to normal conditions with VIM values approaching normal conditions without aging.

Analysis of Creep Test Mixture of Asphalt Concrete Using Flyash for Runway

There are some factors that cause deformation on the runway, such as the pressure of repeated loads caused by large queues of aircraft. The aggregate available in nature has begun to decrease in amount caused considering that infrastructure development in Indonesia continues to increase. Therefore, new material innovations are needed to overcome this, such as the use of flyash as an artificial aggregate of geopolymers in concrete asphalt mixtures. This research was carried out in some tests including Marshall testing which intended to determine the characteristics of artificial aggregate pavement mixtures, using open gradations with specification BBA. Then testing the resistance to deformation (Creep) on the artificial aggregate gradation pavement mixture using the UTM30 Dynapave. Based on the characteristics of the Marshall test the optimum bitumen content value was obtained, with open gradations has OBC value is 6.10%. Results of Creep test (deformation) with load 400 kPa obtained, strain value is 93520 μƐ and stiffness value is 3,998 MPa (sample collapse at cycle 1559 times). It can be concluded that the pavement mixture with open graded artificial aggregate (BBA) has not able to survive deformation.