Optimal Waste Management Research Articles

ОБРАЩЕНИЕ С ОТХОДАМИ В МЕХАНИЧЕСКОМ ЦЕХЕ ООО «МАШИНОСТРОИТЕЛЬ» И РАЗРАБОТКА МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО ЕГО УЛУЧШЕНИЮ

The treatment of the generated waste of the mechanical workshop of LLC «Mashinostroitel» is considered. To optimize waste management in the machine shop, measures are recommended.

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Grid-Connected Waste to Energy Gasification Plant: A Case Study

With population growth around the world, municipal waste disposal and continued energy demand becomes some of the major challenges to deal with. In order to address these, an approach is required for an optimal waste management system that offers the population benefit with a lower environmental impact. This study evaluates the technical-economic and environmental impact analysis of a grid-connected waste to energy (WtE) plant to power a Univerisiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) community. The energy recovery potential of the waste stream was assessed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method with GaBiTM software (version 4). A technical, economic and environmental analysis was then carried out for the grid-connected WtE system using HOMERPro software with gasification conversion technology. The cash flow analysis was based on levelized costs of energy (LCOE) and total net present value (NPV). The results gave an NPV for the system at USD 1.11 × 107, with most of the effects resulting from the grid operating costs and the LCOE of USD 0.43/kWh compared to the grid unit price of USD 0.7/kWh which corresponds to a saving of $ 0.27/kWh in energy purchase. From an environmental point of view, the results showed a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from around 2,000 tons per year to around 400 tons per year. With regard to the amount of waste sent to landfills, the results show a significant improvement from 142,605.5 kg/year to 0.13 kg/year.

Physics and chemical activation to produce activated carbon from empty palm oil bunches waste

This research was conducted by laboratory-scale trials to make activated carbon from empty oil palm bunches. Empty bunches were palm oil processing industrial waste. This research was an effort to optimize waste management. Empty palm oil bunches were studied to become carbon active. Activated carbon is needed to meet the needs of the food industry and non-food industries. This research aimed to determine the appropriate method, optimal operating condition, and get the specification of standard carbon active. Making activated carbon was carried out by multiple activations; chemical and physical. The feed carbonation process was conducted at 400° C for 4 hours with N2 gas flow. After the charcoal is formed, chemical activation is carried out using an H3PO4 activator with a concentration of 9-15% wt. Physical activity was conducted by heating the activated carbon method in 700°C for an hour. The result of the study showed that multiple activations produced activated carbon, and the quality filled the standard. H3PO4 concentration of 13% was the most appropriate concentration to provide activated carbon with the best quality. The best quality activated carbon, which has produced of this research has complied with Indonesian National Standards 06-3730-1995 with parameters: 3% moisture content, 3.92% ash content, 0.7% volatile matter, 95.38% bonded carbon, iodine number 945.47 mg / g, and surface area of 272.9 m2/g.

Analysis of the main methods of solid waste management

The world's growing population and, as a result, higher consumption of goods and services have led to a rapid increase in municipal solid waste. This situation creates serious environmental problems that require clear strategies for managing this waste. Improving the efficiency of recycling to restore quality materials, saving resources and maintaining waste in landfills are among the most pressing problems of our time. The article considers the existing methods of solid waste management in order to select the most optimal waste management system in the context of sustainable development.

Features of Municipal Waste Management in the Context of Sustainable Development in the Countries with High Gni Per Capita and Lower Middle Gni Per Capita on the Example of Finland and Ukraine

Abstract The paper discusses ways to implement in Ukraine one of the important tasks of the sustainable development strategy - minimization and rational use of waste. The concept of a circular economy is analyzed in terms of using the material and energy potential of waste on the example of countries with high Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (Finland) and countries with lower middle GNI per capita (Ukraine). The features of the municipal solid waste management optimization in Finland and Ukraine are highlighted. It is noted that the concerns about the municipal solid waste management have reached the state level and are provided with targeted national programs and action plans. The dynamics of generation and treatment of solid municipal waste in Finland in 2009–2018 and Ukraine in 2013–2019 is analyzed. The main attention in Ukraine is paid to the implementation of the European system of municipal waste management. The paper emphasizes that an important condition for the implementation of state and municipal programs for waste recycling is the study of the socioeconomic potential of the population and the contribution fractions of waste for the organization of the separate collection of waste components and creation an appropriate infrastructure. Under current situation, sensitization work with the population to increase the level of their environmental awareness and promote active participation in the implementation of municipal waste management programs is shown to be of great importance for Ukraine.

Model Sistem Dinamik untuk Evaluasi Skenario Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Depok

One of the government programs to achieve the target of the National Waste Management Policy and Strategy is to build a regional landfill. To support regional landfill operations, the local governments which have utilized regional landfill need to prepare policies and strategies for optimizing waste management services in their area. Depok City is one of four cities that will served by Nambo Regional Landfill. The purpose of this study was to analyze various alternative policy scenarios to optimize waste management services in Depok City and determine their effects on the amount of waste transported to Nambo Regional Landfill. The policy analysis method used simulation model with a dynamic system approach. The simulation was conducted from 2020 to 2045. There were four scenarios, namely business as usual scenario, scenario A for the optimization of existing waste treatment facilities, scenario B which was based on local waste management policies and strategies, and scenario C for achieving 30% target of waste reduction. The simulation results showed the waste generation in 2045 was estimated to reach 3,426 tons/day. Results from all scenarios showed that the amount of waste disposed to landfill exceeds the maximum waste input to Nambo Regional Landfill. From scenario C, the amount of waste to be processed in the local landfill in 2045 was at least 1,180 tons/day. Depok City has a huge amount of waste and will continue to increase, so it is necessary to add waste treatment facilities and local landfill for the next 26 years. Landfill needs can be reduced by increasing waste treatment, but it requires greater waste management costs.

Solid Waste Management and Transport Route Optimization Using Geographic Information System in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

With an unprecedented population and rapid urbanization, the solid waste collection and transportation has become a major challenge in Lagos metropolis. The main objective of the study was to optimize routes for solid waste collection and disposal using Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to improve solid waste management system in Lagos metropolis. Data on the GIS Network Analyst was used to determine movements between the transfer loading stations and the landfills to determine the collection time, travel distances, optimized routes and alternative routes for solid waste disposal while maximising total solid waste collection and disposal for environmental sustainability. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends possible interventions such as regular collection of solid waste, proper management of the transfer loading stations and landfills, and that the collection of solid waste should be given more attention because it is important in the development of cities.
 Keywords: Solid wastes, Transportation, Route Optimization, GIS, Lagos metropolis

A Life Cycle Analysis Approach for the Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices: The Case Study of the Region of Central Macedonia, Greece

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management has been a major problem of modern cities for many years. Thus, the development of optimal waste management strategies has been a priority for the European Commission, especially in the transition toward a circular economy. In this paper, an analysis of different MSW treatment methods that can be effectively implemented in the Region of Central Macedonia (RCM) is provided, and their comparison from an environmental point of view is performed. The assessment is based on real data indicated in the recently updated Greek National Waste Management Plan, whereas the different scenarios developed include landfilling without energy recovery, landfilling with energy recovery, recycling and secondary materials recovery, mechanical-biological treatment, bio-waste composting and anaerobic digestion with energy recovery, and incineration with energy recovery. The obtained results illustrate that efficient waste streams sorting is of vital importance for the effective implementation of an integrated waste management system toward the sustainable management of MSW.

Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna Untuk Pengelolaan Sampah KRL Berani Asri Duta Mekar Asri Cileungsi Bogor

Green Village (KRL) is one of the programs to realize Bogor Green and Clean Regency. KRL Berani Asri RW 15 Cileungsi Kidul was formed to carry out the production, management and utilization independently. Has several problems such as environmentally friendly awareness, not yet optimal waste management, the economic potential of organic and non-organic waste. P2M Mechanical Engineering Study Program IT PLN aims to provide alternative solutions so that KRL Berani Asri is independent in waste management. The method of implementation is socialization, training on waste management, composting, and making plastic chopper machines. The results of the P2M are 67.8% of resident have knowledge about waste management, 61.7% have good waste management behaviour, and 53.8% of residents say that KRL Berani Asri does not yet have waste management infrastructure. The use of appropriate technology has an impact on increasing compost production from 50 bags to 200 bags per week, and the production of plastic that has been sold from 10 kg to 100 kg per week

Application of life cycle assessment for municipal solid waste management options in Hohhot, People's Republic of China.

With increasing population and urbanization levels in the People's Republic of China, environmental problems related to the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) are inevitable. This study aimed to determine the environmental impact of the current MSW management system in Hohhot City and to establish an optimum future strategy for it by applying life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Four scenarios were compared using the CML-IA impact characterization method, which took into account their potential contribution to global warming, ozone depletion, human toxicity, photochemical ozone creation, acidification, and eutrophication potentials. The system boundaries included the collection and recycling, transfer and transportation of MSW, and its disposal by incineration, landfilling, and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture methods. The results showed that the scenario involving landfill and incineration in a ratio of 1:5 was the optimal waste management option; however, increasing the proportion of waste incinerated led to a significant increase in global warming potential. Additional technologies are thus required to overcome this problem, and it was found that the use of CO2 capture technology resulted in a 30% reduction in the total environmental impact potential. This study's results indicate that LCA is a valuable and practical tool to support decision-making that can be used to suggest problematic areas in current waste management strategies and to determine an optimal alternative to the solid waste management option.

Rationalization and optimization of waste management and treatment in modern cruise ships

Here we report over possible optimizations onboard cruise ships in the management of glass, paper and cellulosic waste, ranging from simple rationalization of the materials' use (for glass and paper) to the recovery of some of the energy embedded in paper and other cellulosic waste. This latter option is investigated considering two possibilities: i) the recovery of thermal energy from incinerator's flue gas by means of an absorption plant, ii) the production of syngas to be directly fed to the ship engines. For each option, we calculated the achievable benefits in terms of reduced fuel consumption, avoided CO2 emissions and cost savings (evaluated on the basis of the avoided fuel consumption). Finally, on the basis of the previously calculated benefits, we defined three different scenarios, each including the rationalization of glass and paper waste management, topped by different combinations of thermal energy recovery/syngas production. We then evaluated these scenarios in terms of environmental and economic benefits. This analysis showed that even trivial approaches, as a simple rationalization of paper consumption, can allow consistent advantages over existing waste management policies; moreover, syngas generators for treating cellulosic waste emerged as very effective tools for lowering the environmental impact of modern cruise ships. Joining these two strategies allows notable savings in terms of fuel, CO2 emissions and ship operational costs, and could represent a path for sizably reducing the environmental footprint of cruise ships.

Moderate separation of household kitchen waste towards global optimization of municipal solid waste management

The sorting treatment of food waste is gradually considered as an available strategy to improve the sustainability of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, but the separation of household kitchen waste (HKW), the main component of food waste, is controversial because of its disperse sources and possible social cost. Social life cycle assessment is applied in this study to integrate environmental, economic, and social analyses, including the time investment of households, aiming to assess the influence of HKW separation comprehensively. The results show HKW separation at different separation rates improve the environmental performance of MSW treatment. When HKW separation rate increases by every 20 percentages, the net carbon emission reduces 5–7%, the acidic gas emission reduces by 3.1–3.5%, and the cumulative energy demand decreases by approximately 2.1–2.2%, owing to the higher heat value of incineration feedstock and more yield of energy products. HKW separation increases the energy consumption of waste collection and transportation system, but its contribution to the overall energy consumption is very limited. The whole MSW management system also has better economic performance along with more HKW separation and more energy output. In contrary, a huge amount of time cost of households increases the total social cost of MSW management, making HWK separation not an attractive option. From the point of view of residents, the external cost, including environmental cost and household time cost, should not exceed zero to ensure residents obtain some benefits from HKW separation, implying that HKW separation rate of 20% is acceptable. HKW water content and proportion in MSW are the two sensitive factors influencing the comprehensive performance of MSW management. Source HKW draining to water content 60% and source reduction by 30% can decrease the total social cost by 124–215% and 66–73%, respectively. The two effective measures are easy and convenient for residents to carry out with significant improvement of social sustainability of MSW management. Based on the effects on social cost, the priority of HKW management strategies should be given to source draining and then source reduction, followed by source separation from MSW at 20%.

Optimization of waste management in developing countries with spatial approaches (Study case: Depok City and Curitiba City)

Waste management is a challenge for city authorities in developing countries especially due to increase of waste. The burden that is incurred on the city budget as a result of the high costs associated with its management and lack of understanding of the diversity of factors that influence the various stages of management. Comparative and descriptive analysis are utilized in this paper to observe the differences that arise at various levels of the administration so that they can be analysed. Data are collected from journal publications starting in 2013-2019. This paper compares how the handling of waste management has used a spatial approach starting from the Asian, Indonesian, and Depok levels. The purpose of this research is to find out what areas of waste management can be solved by spatial approaches, and recommendations for solutions that can be applied to the Depok City based on success story in other countries or regions. The Depok City already has a community-based approach that runs the trash bank. However, the waste bank is still ineffective, despite the low level of waste collection in Depok City. The optimization of waste management in Depok City can be improved its accuracy using spatial approach.

Optimization of municipal solid waste management using a coordinated framework

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important but complex logistical problem. The deployment of MSW management systems is hindered by the ever-growing generation of waste and the often insufficient infrastructure to manage, process, and dispose of waste. This paper presents a coordinated framework for complex MSW management systems. The framework accommodates multiple key stakeholders in MSW systems, such as suppliers of waste, consumers of waste and derived products, and providers of transportation and processing services. Here, the stakeholders submit bids to a coordinator that solves an optimization problem to determine allocations and clearing prices that maximize the collective profit for all stakeholders and that balance supply and demand for waste and products. Furthermore, the clearing process guarantees that the individual profits are non-negative (no stakeholder loses money). Notably, the framework operates as a competitive market that accelerates transactions between stakeholders and that handles complex logistical constraints that would be difficult to handle in peer-to-peer transactions. The framework also facilitates the integration of policy incentives and the monetization of environmental impacts. In this regard, we evaluate a tax applied to open dump disposal. To illustrate the applicability, an MSW system in Mexico was analyzed as a case study. Results reveal that taxation can be used to incentivize the provision of services for all stakeholders. Specifically, we found that an appropriate tax can completely avoid disposal in open dumps. A tax of 5.1 USD/tonne was identified as the minimum penalization that avoids diverting waste to open dumps.

EVALUASI PEMBANGUNAN FISIK KAWASAN PARIWISATA LOVINA DI KABUPATEN BULELENG

Physical development in the Lovina Tourism Area has several impacts, so it is necessary to conduct an evaluation of the development in the Lovina Tourism Area. Problems that arise regarding: 1) Impact arising from physical development; 2) Development of the Lovina Tourism Area is evaluated from a physical aspect. The research objective is to evaluate the physical development in the Lovina Tourism Area in Buleleng Regency towards sustainable tourism. Data were collected through group discussions, observations, and interviews. Sampling through group discussion (group discussion) and interviews. In analyzing the problems and research results, quantitative descriptive analysis was used. The results showed that the physical development in the Lovina Tourism Area had an impact on the Lovina Tourism Area, including: Physical impact, namely the proliferation of buildings as a means of tourism which resulted in excess supply, changes in beach cleanliness conditions, poorly maintained condition of tourism facilities; Social impact, namely changes in community behavior that mimic external cultural behavior, increased unemployment; The cultural impact, namely changes in traditional ceremonial facilities, decreased mutual cooperation and reduced artistic activities. The evaluations that have been carried out include: Physical aspects, namely the conversion of agricultural land to tourism land, less optimal public facilities to support tourism, not optimal waste or waste management, and violations of party boundaries; Social aspects, namely changes in the behavior of the people who tend to imitate foreign cultures, as well as shifting market segments from foreign tourists to domestic tourists; Cultural aspects, namely the decline in mutual cooperation activities, the decline in artistic activities, the erosion of the subak organization due to the narrowing of agricultural land. The government is expected to organize tourism facilities to create an attraction for the Lovina Tourism Area towards sustainable tourism and in accordance with the new life order.

MSW Management in Universities: Sharing Best Practices

The optimization of municipal solid waste management requires the re-organization of niche sectors too. The sector of the university is not fully explored from the scientific point of view. The creation of networks among universities in order to face this issue allows an exchange of expertise also at an international level as demonstrated in this article, by three case studies: two Italian (University of Trento and University of Insubria) and one Russian (Ural Federal University) universities. This study highlights the pros and cons of each university in terms of waste management. Specifically, setting up communication campaigns, standard procedures, monitoring actions, pricing strategies that incentivize selective collection, and improving the collaboration within the university community are identified as crucial initiatives. The margins of improvement of the three universities analyzed are favored by the composition of the generated waste. The implementation of good practices can give economic advantages to the universities, besides improving their level of sustainability.

How to manage healthcare waste and reduce its environmental impact

Healthcare waste is likely to increase with a rise in the global population and access to medical care. The main reasons to optimise waste management are the statutory duty of...

Economic, environmental and social optimization of solid waste management in the context of circular economy

Rapid growth in population and urbanization is increasing the generation of solid waste as well as demand for natural resources. Moreover, increasing demand and fixed available quantity of natural resources are making the problem more complex and challenging. It has been identified that; the concept of the circular economy can provide the solution to the problem. This study examines the economic, environmental, and social feasibility of circular economy in municipal solid waste (MSW) management. This study proposes a concept for the utilization of collected organic MSW by converting it into biogas and then use it as a fuel in a thermal power plant (TPP) to reduce the burden on coal mines. A mixed-integer non-linear programme (MINLP) model is formulated for the minimization of the total cost which is the sum up of (i) functioning cost, (ii) transportation cost, (iii) hiring cost, (iv) environmental cost, (v) social cost, and (vi) penalty cost. The proposed system is validated by a case study on a city Bilaspur, India. Developed model is evaluated for two scenarios: (i) present scenario, in which desegregated MSW is collected from sources and dispose it to landfill, and TPP gets its fuel only from coal mine; and (ii) proposed scenario, in which collected organic MSW is sent to biogas plant and from there, biogas is transported to TPP as a fuel. The model is solved for both the scenarios and identifies that the proposed system is performing better. It is reducing the total cost of the present system by around INR 30,462,326 per day which is consists of a reduction in functioning, transportation, environmental and social cost by INR 225580, 30120443, 113905 and 2397. In addition to that, it is also reducing the carbon emission by 186.43 tonnes daily. Further, sensitivity analysis is performed by varying the collection efficiency and TPP capacity parameter for testing the fitness of the model globally and in different cities. From the analysis, it is identified that the model is globally implementable and best suited for cities having low TPP capacity.

Use of fuzzy cognitive maps to develop policy strategies for the optimization of municipal waste management: A case study of the land of fires (Italy)

This paper applies an analytical method for developing policy strategies to optimize municipal waste management systems (MWMSs) to the case of the Land of Fires (LoF). The LoF is an area of Italy’s Campania region that is characterized by a legacy of authoritarian environmental governance and the improper dumping and burning of waste. In this paper, we employ the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) method, which draws on a participatory approach. Specifically, the complexity of the investigated system was determined from the causal relations identified by relevant stakeholders and experts. The results show that the most effective policy strategies to improve the LoF MWMS, as identified by informants, include: fostering social innovation (e.g. communication and information campaigns); promoting technological innovation (e.g. material and process design); and supporting scientific and technological cooperation among actors. The overall diversity of the identified policy strategies suggests that policy makers must move beyond a simple “best option” approach, given the systemic complexity of the waste management sector.

A Smart Waste Management Solution Geared towards Citizens.

Global industry is undergoing major transformations with the genesis of a new paradigm known as the Internet of Things (IoT) with its underlying technologies. Many company leaders are investing more effort and money in transforming their services to capitalize on the benefits provided by the IoT. Thereby, the decision makers in public waste management do not want to be outdone, and it is challenging to provide an efficient and real-time waste management system. This paper proposes a solution (hardware, software, and communications) that aims to optimize waste management and include a citizen in the process. The system follows an IoT-based approach where the discarded waste from the smart bin is continuously monitored by sensors that inform the filling level of each compartment, in real-time. These data are stored and processed in an IoT middleware providing information for collection with optimized routes and generating important statistical data for monitoring the waste collection accurately in terms of resource management and the provided services for the community. Citizens can easily access information about the public waste bins through the Web or a mobile application. The creation of the real prototype of the smart container, the development of the waste management application and a real-scale experiment use case for evaluation, demonstration, and validation show that the proposed system can efficiently change the way people deal with their garbage and optimize economic and material resources.