Optimal Land Use Research Articles

Evolution and Projection of Carbon Storage in Important Ecological Functional Areas of the Minjiang River Basin, 1985–2050

The alteration of land use and cover (LULC) and the landscape ecological risk index (LERI) significantly impact carbon storage. Examining the carbon storage services in ecologically significant places is crucial for achieving a harmonious relationship between economic development in the region, conservation of terrestrial ecosystems, and mitigation of carbon sink depletion. This study aims to provide a complete framework that integrates the PLUS, Fragstats, and InVEST models. This framework will be utilized to optimize LULC and LERI, specifically maximizing carbon storage. The analysis will be carried out over an extended duration and from various viewpoints. The results indicate that the MJRB ecosystem experienced three clearly defined phases: enhancement (1985–1995), degradation (1995–2010), and subsequent enhancement (2010–2020). The LERI of high-level and carbon storage patterns showed similar trends. The degradation of local terrestrial ecosystems can primarily be due to the widespread use of ecological land caused by socio-economic development. The Ecological Preservation Scenario is projected to increase 41.97 Tg and 115.18 Tg in carbon storage. In contrast, the urban development scenario showed a substantial decrease in carbon storage rates, namely 0.89% and 1.34%, primarily evident in the Chengdu urban zone. An analysis of coupling coordination revealed a negative relationship between carbon storage and high LERI, while a positive connection was observed with low LERI. This study established a framework for rapidly assessing and forecasting the trajectory of carbon storage. It aids in optimizing land use patterns, conserving areas with high carbon sequestration, and ensuring the establishment of high-quality ecosystems. This study serves as a guide for achieving regional “dual carbon” objectives.

Effect of Land Use Type on Soil Moisture Dynamics in the Sloping Lands of the Black Soil (Mollisols) Region of Northeast China

This study investigates the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture on slopes of China’s northeastern black soil region, focusing on the effects of terrain adjustment and vegetation. Soil moisture dynamics in the 0–60 cm soil layer were measured at 10 cm intervals using the TRIME-PICO64 TDR® device on slopes with similar gradients representing three land use types: transverse ridge tillage (TRT) farmland, terraced fields (TFs) farmland, and pure forest woodland (WL). The results indicate significant variations in soil moisture content and water storage across different land use types in the order of TF > TRT > WL. The study further identified that soil bulk density, porosity, and water-holding indicators were in the order of WL > TF > TRT, inconsistent with the soil moisture results, indicating that soil quality cannot be the sole reason for the differences in moisture. The moisture differences between farmland types (TRT and TF) and WL are substantial, especially during the rainy season. In the rainy season (0–60 cm) and the dry season (30–60 cm), significant differences in moisture content are observed (p < 0.05). Significant differences in moisture content between farmland types are found at 0–40 cm during the rainy season and at 0–10 cm during the dry season. In the rainy season, soil moisture for TRT and TFs first decreases from 26.76% and 30.85% to 22.44% and 25.38%, then slightly increases to 27.01% and 27.07% along the slope. Meanwhile, WL displays the opposite pattern on upper, relatively steep slopes, with soil moisture increasing from 16.66% to 17.81%, and exhibits a pattern of change similar to TRT and TFs on lower, gentler slopes. TFs consistently show higher soil moisture and water storage at all slope positions than TRT and WL. TFs improve soil quality, reduce erosion and sedimentation, and shift the lowest soil moisture content to a lower slope position. During the dry season, soil moisture differences between slope positions for TRT and WL were small. In general, terracing can effectively modulate moisture distribution along slopes, increasing moisture by an average of 0.26~12.43%, while afforestation, despite improving soil quality, leads to an 18.14~31.13% reduction in soil moisture content, with the impact being particularly significant during the rainy season. These findings provide important insights for optimizing land use and ecological construction, including keeping the balance between soil and water conservation, especially for sub-humid slope terrain areas.

Optimalisasi Model Paludikultur Sebagai Mata Pencaharian Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani di Lahan Gambut Kabupaten Oki Sumatera Selatan

Peatland restoration cannot be separated from balancing ecological functions and the needs of community life. Empowering farmers is the initial capital for a peat restoration program with a 3R strategy (rewetting, revegetation, revitalization) that can be carried out appropriately. This balancing concept is useful for environmental sustainability and also the livelihoods of local peat communities. The aim of this research is to analyze the optimization of the paludiculture model as a livelihood to improve the welfare of farmers in the peatlands of South Sumatra. This research uses a survey method conducted in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency, one of the four priority districts for peat restoration in South Sumatra Province. Data analysis uses an optimization model, namely maximum income and profit, optimal land use and labor, analyzed using a Linear Programming model with land, capital and labor constraints. The results of the research show that the balance of peatland ecosystem functions must be harmonized with maintaining sources of livelihood that can be carried out by generations of farming communities, namely the need to optimize community income by implementing the paludiculture model which provides optimal benefits obtained from the third scenario, agrosilvofishery, agrisilviculture and agroforestry, which is from the Scenario The third has an optimal profit in the agroforestry scenario of IDR. 71,629,870/year.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Drivers of Carbon Storage from a Sustainable Development Perspective: A Case Study of the Region along the Middle and Lower Yellow River, China

Carbon storage (C-storage) is a critical indicator of ecosystem services, and it plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and driving sustainability. Its assessment provides essential insights for enhancing environmental protection, optimizing land use, and formulating policies that support long-term ecological and economic sustainability. Previous research on C-storage in the Yellow River Basin has mainly concentrated on the spatiotemporal fluctuations of C-storage and the investigation of natural influencing factors. However, research combining human activity factors to explore the influences on C-storage is limited. In this paper, based on the assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution of C-storage in the region along the Middle and Lower Yellow River (MLYR), the influences of anthropogenic and natural factors on C-storage were explored from the perspective of sustainable development. The findings reflected the relationship between socio-economic activities and the ecological environment from a sustainable development perspective, providing important scientific evidence for the formulation of sustainability policies in the region. We noticed the proportion of arable land was the highest, reaching 40%. The increase of construction land because of the fast urbanization mainly came from arable land and grassland. During the past 15 years, the cumulative loss of C-storage was 71.17 × 106 t. The high-value of C-storage was primarily situated in hilly areas, and the area of C-storage hotspots was shrinking. The aggregation effect of low-value C-storage was strengthening, while that of high-value C-storage was weakening. The dominant factors (q > 0.5) influencing the spatiotemporal variation of C-storage in the region along the Middle Yellow River (MYR) were temperature and precipitation, while the primary factor in the region along the Lower Yellow River (LYR) was temperature. Overall, meteorological factors were the main determinants across the entire study area. Additionally, compared to the MYR, anthropogenic factors had a smaller impact on the spatiotemporal evolution of C-storage in the LYR, but their influence has been increasing over time.

Metro Stations as Catalysts for Land Use Patterns: Evidence from Wuhan Line 11

Urban rail transit systems significantly influence land use patterns in newly developed areas, yet their impact on spatial organization and functional characteristics remains understudied. This research examines Wuhan Metro Line 11, analyzing land use within an 800 m radius of stations using Point of Interest data, ArcGIS spatial analysis, and locational entropy methods. The study reveals three station types, i.e., single-function, mixed-function, and underdeveloped, each exhibiting distinct spatial differentiation patterns. On this basis, a novel “core-diffusion” model emerges, with the highest density of functional elements observed at approximately 600 m from station centers, challenging conventional proximity assumptions. Three spatial organization modes are identified: single-core independent in two-level axis, single-core continuous in single-level axis, and double-core continuous in two-level axis. These findings contribute to the Transit-Oriented Development literature, offering sustainable insights into optimizing land use around metro stations in rapidly urbanizing contexts. This study also provides a methodological framework applicable to similar urban environments, enhancing the understanding of the complex relationships between metro development and surrounding land use patterns. These results have significant implications for urban planning and policy-making, particularly in emerging economies seeking to balance transit efficiency with sustainable urban growth.

Optimizing land use for climate mitigation using nature based solution (NBS) strategy: a study on afforestation potential and carbon sequestration in Rajasthan, India

Rajasthan faces significant environmental challenges, including the pressing need for effective climate change mitigation strategies. Recognizing afforestation as a vital tool in this endeavor, this study leverages the latest in remote sensing and geospatial analysis to map out the state's afforestation potential. The goal is to assess land suitability across Rajasthan for afforestation projects and evaluate the potential carbon sequestration capabilities of different tree species. This aims to inform sustainable land management strategies that can contribute to climate change mitigation. By integrating satellite imagery, land cover data, terrain analysis, and vegetation indices, the study evaluates environmental factors such as slope, soil moisture, and vegetation health to identify areas optimal for tree planting. A carbon sequestration model was also developed to estimate sequestration rates based on species-specific growth patterns. Findings indicate that approximately 40% of Rajasthan is suitable for afforestation, with potential carbon sequestration rates ranging from 2 to 8 tons per hectare per year. Species such as Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Prosopis cineraria (Khejri) are identified as particularly effective for short-term sequestration, while Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber) are better suited for long-term carbon capture. This research highlights the importance of targeted afforestation using suitable tree species as a nature-based solution (NBS) for climate change mitigation in Rajasthan. The study offers a data-driven approach to enhancing ecosystem resilience and supports decision-making for climate adaptation in arid regions, highlighting the significant potential of Rajasthan's land for carbon sequestration through afforestation.

Intercropping Systems: An Opportunity for Environment Conservation within Nut Production

Global population growth and intensive agriculture have both contributed negatively to the environment. As a result, there is increasing interest in the use of sustainable alternatives is increasing to promote better use of natural resources and create an equilibrium between agriculture and the environment. Intercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of multiple crops, aims to optimize land use economically while enhancing biodiversity through plant–microorganism interactions, thereby boosting crop productivity. This practice has particularly benefited nut production by combining the nutrient-sequestering capacity of trees with continuous annual crop production, improving soil nutrient and water utilization. Intercropping systems not only enhance nut yield and quality but also offer economic advantages to farmers. This review synthesized the existing literature with the aim of highlighting not only the positive aspects that intercropping brings to the production of nuts, but also the challenges and limitations faced in different regions when it comes to agricultural production.

The trade potential of grain crops in the countries along the Belt and Road: evidence from a stochastic frontier model

This study employs the stochastic frontier model (SFM) to analyze trade potential and efficiency in wheat and maize among Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2002 to 2021, encompassing 45 countries for wheat trade and 55 for maize trade. The empirical findings reveal that economic development level, population growth, government efficiency, political stability, and regulatory quality are critical determinants of trade efficiency. Notably, World Trade Organization (WTO) membership exhibits a negative correlation with trade efficiency, potentially reflecting challenges in rule implementation and opportunity utilization among member states. In the context of maize trade, increased arable land area is inversely associated with efficiency, suggesting potential issues in managing large-scale agricultural regions or optimizing land use. The BRI’s impact on trade efficiency varies across countries, with Turkey and Hungary showing improved wheat trade efficiency, while Ethiopia and Georgia experienced declines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, effective disease management strategies and diversified trade mechanisms significantly influenced trade efficiency. Furthermore, the study reveals that larger economies do not necessarily outperform small and medium-sized economies in terms of trade potential. These findings contribute significantly to the literature on agricultural trade and offer valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of enhancing government efficiency, political stability, and regulatory quality in the context of regional economic development initiatives such as the BRI. This research underscores the need for tailored approaches to trade policy and agricultural management, considering the unique characteristics and challenges faced by different economies along BRI.

Effect of White Cabbage Intercropping with Aromatic Plant on Yield, Mineral and Biochemical Composition.

The growing demand for higher-quality food production in smaller soil areas points to optimized land use. Intercropping has the potential to increase yield, reduce pests and diseases, and boost biodiversity. This study, conducted at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, from 2017 to 2019, aimed to determine the effect of white cabbage intercropping with aromatic plants, calendula, French marigold, thyme, and sage on yield, mineral and biochemical composition. Aromatic plants are known to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, so this study aimed to determine whether aromatic plants affect the yield, mineral, and biochemical composition of white cabbage. The two-year observations demonstrated that aromatic plants did not affect or slightly affect the mineral composition of cabbage's primary macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg, and Ca). Cabbage's dry matter, sugars, and ascorbic acid content vary when grown intercropped with aromatic plants compared to monoculture. Although the results were comparable, sugar concentration was lower in all cabbage combinations than in monoculture. Lower nitrate levels were detected in cabbage monoculture, probably due to agro-meteorological circumstances. The highest cabbage yield was achieved by intercropping with thyme (7.25 t/ha) compared to monoculture (6.81 t/ha) in 2018. It was found that intercropping with aromatic plants had little effect on the biochemical composition of white cabbage. The study results suggest that French marigold and thyme can be grown together with white cabbage to improve the phytosanitary of vegetables without compromising the biochemical quality of the cabbages. However, the influence on biochemical composition, especially on the nitrate and glucosinolate levels, should be examined further, providing valuable insights for future research in this field.

Decoupling Characteristics between Coupling Coordination Degree of Production-Living-Ecological Function and Carbon Emissions in the Urban Agglomeration of the Shandong Peninsula

Under the dual carbon goals, the relationship between land production-living-ecological function and carbon emissions points to a new direction for land spatial planning. This study compiles and analyzes carbon emissions and the production-living-ecological function coupling coordination degree of 16 cities in the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration for the years 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2021. Furthermore, it introduces the Tapio decoupling model to calculate the decoupling index between carbon emissions and the coupling coordination degree. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of production-living-ecological function coupling coordination, carbon emissions, and the decoupling index were analyzed. The results indicate that (1) from 2001 to 2021, the production-living-ecological function coupling coordination degree in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration increased overall, with an obvious “high in the east and low in the west” feature in the spatial pattern. That is caused by the difference in resource endowment between the east and the west and the gap in the process of urbanization, industrial structure transformation, and ecological governance. (2) During the study period, overall carbon emissions increased, with a significantly reduced growth rate. A polarization phenomenon of increase and decrease trends within the urban agglomeration was observed. The spatial distribution characteristics of land use carbon emissions showed significant production-living-ecological coupling coordination degree heterotropism. (3) From 2001 to 2021, the decoupling relationship between production-living-ecological coupling coordination degree and carbon emissions mainly exhibited three patterns: strong negative decoupling, expansion negative decoupling, and strong decoupling, maintaining a good decoupling trend overall. These results indicate that the coordinated development level of production, living, and ecological functions in the study area has improved during the research period, and its decoupling relationship with carbon emissions has also shown a positive trend. However, there is still a problem of uneven regional development. In the future, the production-living-ecological development of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration should adhere to the development pattern of “two circles and four regions”, which aims to promote resource sharing and complementary advantages through specific regional divisions, and achieve coordinated development within the region. This involves optimizing land use structure and function, encouraging innovation and development of green industries, and deepening ecological environment restoration and protection to realize the coordinated development of the production-living-ecological function of land use under the dual carbon goal.

Research on Zoning and Carbon Sink Enhancement Strategies for Ecological Spaces in Counties with Different Landform Types

Ecological carbon sinks, pivotal in mitigating carbon emissions, are indispensable for climate change mitigation. Counties, as the fundamental units of ecological space management, directly impact the achievement of regional dual carbon targets through their levels of carbon sink. However, existing research has overlooked the intricate relationship between terrain features and ecological spaces, leading to a lack of specific guidance on enhancing the carbon sink for counties with diverse landform characteristics. This study focused on Jingbian County (Loess Plateau), Fuping County (Guanzhong Plain), and Chenggu County (Qinba Mountains), each characterized by distinct landform characteristics. This study proposes a comprehensive identification model for ecological space within the context of dual carbon targets. Utilizing this model as a basis, the land use structure, carbon sink potential, and ecological spatial patterns of different counties were systematically analyzed. The results indicated substantial disparities in land use structure, carbon sink capabilities, and ecological space distributions among counties with different landform types. Specifically, Jingbian County was predominantly covered by grassland, exhibiting a moderate overall carbon sink capacity, with baseline ecological spaces playing a significant role. Conversely, Fuping County, dominated by cultivated land and construction land, exhibited the lowest carbon sink capacity, with non-ecological spaces accounting for a staggering 85.93%. Chenggu County, on the other hand, was characterized by the dominance of forestland, with nearly all its carbon sink originating from forestland, and core ecological spaces occupying a leading position. Tailored optimization strategies are recommended based on varying terrain features: Jingbian County should prioritize ecosystem restoration and conservation, while Fuping County should concentrate on optimizing land use structure and promoting urban greening. Reinforcing the carbon sink capacity of existing ecosystems is crucial for Chenggu County. This study broadens the perspective on ecological space optimization and provides scientific guidance and pragmatic insights tailored to regional disparities, which are instrumental in assisting various regions to achieve their dual carbon targets.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING LAND USE AND FORECASTING YIELDS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The paper presents the development of a conceptual information model for optimizing land use and crop forecasting in agriculture, implemented using the PHP programming language, Javascript and the MYSQL database management system. The model is designed to solve optimization problems in various fields such as logistics, manufacturing, finance, etc. As part of the work, an information model was developed, which is a set of data, algorithms and software modules designed to solve optimization problems. The model is implemented based on PHP, Javascript, and MYSQL technologies. The model allows you to solve optimization problems of varying complexity using various optimization methods such as linear programming, nonlinear programming, artificial intelligence methods, etc. The model can be applied to solve optimization problems in various fields. In addition, the model allows you to solve optimization problems with a high degree of accuracy and in a short time, and also has a user-friendly interface that allows users to easily and quickly set optimization tasks. An information model has been developed that will make it possible to predict the harvest taking into account data on weather, soil, crops and historical yield data, as well as optimize land use taking into account data on soil type, climate, crop rotation and financial indicators. The developed information model can improve the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production. The model can be used by agronomists and farmers to make more informed decisions. The model takes into account data on soil type, climate, crop rotation and financial indicators to optimize land use.

Urban Metamorphosis: Enhancing Imageability through Vertical Hybrids

To create a vertical ecosystem of hybrid urban forms to enhance imageability. This paper proposes a transformativeapproach to elevate the imageability of cities through a fusion of innovative urban forms, vertical ecosystems, andsustainability principles. Drawing inspiration from theories of vertical urbanism and universal design, the researchemphasizes the strategic utilization of vertical space to optimize land use in densely populated areas. The approachstrategically suggests constructing new high-rises on existing risk-prone structures slated for demolition. The designincorporates an elevated green area functioning as a recreational zone, fostering a healthier and more sustainable urbanenvironment. The paper emphasizes Transit-Oriented Development in the design process, aiming to integrate publictransportation with urban development to reduce private vehicle dependency, promote sustainable mobility, and enhanceaccessibility. The objective is to craft a dynamic urban experience that encourages connectivity and a sense of belongingwithin the existing fabric.

Evaluating the impact of urbanization on the urban heat islands through integrated radius and non-linear regression approach.

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a significant environmental problem, exacerbating the urban climate and affecting human health in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. The need to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of UHI in the context of urban expansion is crucial for sustainable urban planning. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and urbanization, assess the expansion process of UHI, and analyze its connectivity in order to develop strategies to mitigate UHI in an urban context over a 30-year period from 1990 to 2020. Using remote sensing data, LULC changes were analyzed with a random forest model. LULC change rate (LCCR), land cover intensity (LCI), and landscape expansion index (LEI) were calculated to quantify urbanization. The land surface temperature for the study period was calculated using the mono-window algorithm. The UHI effect was analyzed using an integrated radius and non-linear regression approach, fitting SUHI data to polynomial curves and identifying turning points based on the regression derivative for UHI intensity belts to quantify the expansion and intensification of UHI. Landscape metrics such as the aggregation index (AI), landscape shape index (LSI), and four other matrices were calculated to assess UHI morphology and connectivity of the UHI. In addition, the LEI was adopted to measure the extent of UHI growth patterns. From 1990 to 2020, the study area experienced significant urbanization, with the built-up area increasing from 69.40 to 338.74 km2, an increase of 1.923 to 9.385% of the total area. This expansion included growth in peripheral areas of 129.33 km2, peripheral expansion of 85.40 km2, and infilling of 3.80 km2. At the same time, the UHI effect intensified with an increase in mean LST from 40.55 to 46.73°C. The spatial extent of the UHI increased, as shown by the increase in areas with an LST above 50°C from 36.58 km2 in 1990 to 133.52 km2 in 2020. The connectivity of the UHI also increased, as shown by the increase in the AI from 38.91 to 41.30 and the LSI from 56.72 to 93.64, reflecting a more irregular and fragmented urban landscape. In parallel to these urban changes, the area classified as UHI increased significantly, with the peripheral areas expanding from 23.99 km2 in the period 1990-2000 to 80.86 km2 in the period 2000-2020. Peripheral areas also grew significantly from 36.42 to 96.27 km2, contributing to an overall more pronounced and interconnected UHI effect by 2020. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of urban expansion and its thermal impacts. It highlights the need for integrated urban planning that includes strategies to mitigate the UHI effect, such as improving green infrastructure, optimizing land use, and improving urban design to counteract the negative effects of urbanization.

Analyzing Land Shape Typologies in South Korean Apartment Complexes Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques

In South Korea, the configuration of land parcels within apartment complexes plays a pivotal role in optimizing land use and facility placement. Given the significant impact of land shape on architectural and urban planning outcomes, its analysis is essential. However, studies on land shape have been limited due to the lack of definitive survey criteria. To address these challenges, this study utilized a map application programming interface (API) to gather raw data on apartment complex layouts in South Korea and processed these images using a Python-based image library. An initial analysis involved categorizing the data through K-means clustering. Each cluster’s average image was classified into four distinct groups for comparison with the existing literature. Shape indices were employed to analyze land configurations and assess consistency across classes. These classes were annotated on a parcel level using the Roboflow API, and YOLOv8s-cls was developed to classify the parcels effectively. The evaluation of this model involved calculating accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score from a confusion matrix. The results show a strong correlation between the identified and established classes, with the YOLO model achieving an accuracy of 86% and demonstrating robust prediction capabilities across classes. This confirms the effective typification of land shapes in the studied apartment complexes. This study introduces a methodology for analyzing parcel shapes through machine learning and deep learning. It asserts that this approach transcends the confines of South Korean apartment complexes, extending its applicability to architectural and urban design planning on a global scale. Analyzing land shapes earmarked for construction enables the formulation of diverse design strategies for building placement and external space arrangement. This highlights the potential for innovative design approaches in architectural and urban planning worldwide.

An optimization-simulation modeling framework for exploring the dynamic correlation between the coordinated development of the human-nature nexus and land use under uncertainty

Sustainable land use optimization (LUO) requires simultaneously reconciling human development and nature conservation, and effectively adapting to changes in socioeconomic development. We proposed a modeling framework that includes stochastic simulation of population and GDP uncertainty, multidimensional LUO, and spatial land use simulation combining random forests and cellular automata. The framework can (1) balance the multidimensional contradictory conflicts between human-nature nexus (HNN); (2) obtain the dynamic correlation and probability distribution of land use with the dimensional objectives and the HNN; and (3) obtain the dynamic response of land use to changes in socioeconomic development and the elasticity space of land use. The framework was applied to Hubei Province in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The results indicated that by 2030, the land use intervals that can cope with uncertainty and achieve high levels of HNN coordination of 0.66–0.69 at 51,500–55,500 (km2) for cultivated land, 47,750–49,750 (km2) for forestland, 1,950–2,350 (km2) for grassland, 9,300–10,100 (km2) for construction land, 11,249–11,418 (km2) for water area, and 285–307 (km2) for unused land. This study elucidates the complex dynamic correlation between HNN and land use, and provides regions with LUO decisions that can respond to changing conditions and promote a harmonious HNN development.

Contributing to Carbon Neutrality Targets: A Scenario Simulation and Pattern Optimization of Land Use in Shandong Province Based on the PLUS Model

Land use profoundly impacts the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Optimizing land use patterns is a vital approach to mitigate climate change and achieve carbon neutrality. Using Shandong Province as a case study, this research evaluates the impacts of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on regional carbon storage and emissions. Employing a coupled PLUS–InVEST–GM(1,1) model, simulations were conducted for scenarios including the natural scenario (NS), cropland protection scenario (CPS), high-speed development scenario (HDS), and low-carbon scenario (LCS), to assess LUCC and changes in carbon storage and emissions from 2030 to 2060 under these scenarios. The findings indicate that due to the expansion of construction land and significant declines in arable and grassland areas, carbon emissions increased by 40,436.44 × 104 t over a 20-year period, while carbon storage decreased by 4881.13 × 104 t. Notably, forests contributed the most to carbon sequestration, while construction land emerged as the primary source of carbon emissions. Simulating four scenarios demonstrates that measures such as protecting cropland, expanding forest, grassland, and aquatic areas, controlling construction land expansion, and promoting intensive development positively affect emission reductions and carbon sequestration in Shandong. These findings underscore the importance of rational planning of land use patterns, which can enhance contributions to carbon neutrality by harmonizing the relationships among cropland protection, ecological conservation, and economic development.

What were the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of global land use carbon emission efficiency? A case study of the 136 countries

Nations worldwide must collaborate to tackle the challenge of improving carbon emission efficiency and optimizing land use effectively. This study extends the study area from provinces and cities, regional city clusters, and countries to 136 major countries in the world, and shows the differences between countries. The paper analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of land use carbon emission efficiency (LCEE) in these 136 countries from 2000 to 2019 using the super-efficiency slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis (Super-SBM DEA) model, global malmquist index, spatial autocorrelation measurement tools and Spatial Durbin model. It can help to promote low-carbon and green development while simultaneously improving the global LCEE. The findings indicate that: (1) Over the study period, there is a trend toward a decline in the LCEE worldwide. (2) The primary cause of the worldwide LCEE’s declining trend during the study period is the reduction in technical efficiency. (3) The low-low cluster type accounts for more, while the high-high agglomeration type accounts for less and exhibits a sluggish growth pattern. On the whole, there is a phenomenon of non-aggregation and non-uniformity. It is necessary to increase the driving effect of high-high cluster radiation. (4) Economic development level, investment level, population size, public service level and environmental sustainability level all have a significant impact on LCEE, while industrial development level has no significant impact on LCEE. From a global perspective, the radiation driving role of countries with high LCEE should be increased. Improve the efficiency and technological level of land use emission in light of local conditions, and promote independent innovation in green and low-carbon technologies. This is conducive to the establishment of long-term low-carbon growth.

EKSPLORASI SERANGGA PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH YANG DITUMPANGSARIKAN DENGAN CABAI MERAH (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN GRONG GRONG KABUPATEN PIDIE)

Intercropping is a method that is widely used by farmers, this is because this method allows farmers to plant not just one type of plant but more. There are many advantages of this tumpeng sari system, such as increased plant production and optimal use of land. In plants, a diversity of insects appear that live and visit because of the influence of this tumpeng sari system. The aim of the research was to describe the types of insects found on shallot plants intercropped with red chilies. The purposive sampling survey method was used in the research, which was practically carried out on a stretch of land with red onions intercropped with red chilies. The research shows the results that insects trapped in shallot fields intercropped with chilies consist of 10 orders and 47 families, the order Araneae, the order Blatodea, the order Coleoptera, the order Dermaptera, the order Hemiptera, the order Diptera, the order Hymenoptera, the order Isoptera, the order Lepidoptera, the order Mantodea, while for There are two natural enemies of parasitoids, namely the order Hymenoptera, Diptera, for predatory insects the order found is the order Mantodea, order Orthoptera, order Lepidoptera, order, Hymenoptera, order Hemiptera, order Diptera, order Dermaptera, order Coleoptera order Araneae, while the order herbivorous insects found were the order Orthoptera, order Hemiptera, order Diptera, order Lepidoptera, order Coleoptera, a group of parasitoid insects with the highest number of individuals from the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, a group of predatory insects with the highest number of individuals from the family Reduviidae, and formicidae, a group of herbivorous insects with the highest number of individuals. high number of individuals from the Orthoptera family

REGIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DETERIORATION OF THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF HEAT AND MOISTURE SUPPLY OF THE TERRITORY IN THE CONDITIONS OF MAINTAINING THE SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING OF ECONOMY SYSTEMS IN THE TERRITORY OF TERNOPIL REGION

The publication examines the influence of regional manifestations of the deterioration of natural conditions (moisture supply and unfavorable thermal parameters) on agricultural management. Global climate changes are superimposed by regional manifestations of adverse processes, such as the emission of greenhouse gases generated by an unbalanced land structure, in which we observe an excessive share of arable land. Excessive plowing of the territory leads to increased production of greenhouse gases by arable land, which complicates the manifestation of the greenhouse effect at the local level. Data on the structure of land plots of Ternopil region and Borsukiv territorial community are given. Attention is drawn to the map scheme of changes in the moisture supply of the territory of Ukraine, according to which a very wet climatic annual balance will be preserved only in the mountainous part of the Carpathians, Ternopil region will go from wet to insufficiently wet in its southeastern part, and over time, according to the forecast of 2100, to an insufficiently wet balance in the greater its territory At the same time, about 55% of the southeastern regions are threatened by dry and very dry climatic annual balance. According to the authors, the search for ways to solve the problem can be found in the optimization of land use. The algorithm of the optimization model is prescribed in the methodology of Professor Mykhailo Grodzynskii and consists in determining and ranking the development priorities of the research area and achieving a scientifically justified ratio between natural and anthropogenic land areas. Based on the materials of the Borsukiv territorial community, an optimization model of land use was created, according to which it is proposed to reduce the share of arable land from 65% to 45% due to the removal of heavily eroded and poorly productive lands from the arable wedge and their transfer to liming and afforestation, the share of which in the land use structure of the territorial community increased respectively 21% and 23%. Such optimization measures will ensure the transition from the emission of greenhouse gases by land to their assimilation by forest and meadow vegetation. Increasing the share of forests by 14% will contribute to a 5% increase in precipitation of local origin, which is especially important for stabilizing the water balance of the territory. An increase in the share of natural vegetation will contribute to the maintenance of ecological balance, restoration of biotic and landscape diversity, improved water balance, and natural living conditions of the population.Increasing or stabilizing the degree of humidification of territories under the conditions of global and regional climate changes is becoming an important scientific and applied problem, the solution of which requires the development and implementation of strategic tasks of sustainable development at the levels of regional, administrative and district territorial entities, the level of territorial communities, Starosty districts. Taking into account the priority criteria for the development of territorial entities is the first stage of optimizing the use of nature in these administrative-territorial entities. The second stage of the landscape and ecological optimization of territories is the substantiation of the ratio of natural and anthropogenic lands. Land optimization will contribute to tireless use of nature and the balancing of basic natural processes with anthropogenic ones. In the future, we envisage the creation of optimization models of land use for all territorial communities of the region, which will optimize the development of natural and economic systems. Keywords: regional manifestations of climatic conditions, land use structure, optimization, territorial community.