Optimal Technological Mode Research Articles

Technological reliability of building of geotechnical structures

Technological reliability is defined as the property of geotechnical structures to maintain the safety of the state and design and processing characteristics of the stability of the base and stability when changing development pressure during construction. The optimal technological mode should be completed as a steered step-by-step control process and properties amplification of soil characteristics by means of vibrodynamic loads. The management procedure of technological processes for the directed hardening of durability of earth roadbed on the weak bases is stated. The reasonable necessity of monitoring and forecasting the strain-stress distribution of soils in the construction period is rationalized.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РЕЖИМОВ ОБЕЗВОЖИВАНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ПИГМЕНТОВ И КРАСИТЕЛЕЙ С УЧЕТОМ ИХ ТЕРМОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РЕЖИМОВ ОБЕЗВОЖИВАНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ПИГМЕНТОВ И КРАСИТЕЛЕЙ С УЧЕТОМ ИХ ТЕРМОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ

Investigation into the Process of Electrolysis Borating of Steel Parts

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on how electrolysis borating and the steel grade of hardenable parts affects the boron and carbon distribution in the bulk of the diffusion layer. The structure, phase composition, boron and carbon concentration over the thickness of the hardened layer, and boride coating properties are examined. The optimal values of the initial carbon concentration are obtained. The optimal technological modes of the hardening process are determined, which makes it possible to develop a surface with minimum wear rate in abrasive environments.

ПРОБЛЕМА ОБВОДНЕННЯ СВЕРДЛОВИН НЕДІЛЬНОГО ГАЗОКОНДЕНСАТНОГО РОДОВИЩА ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇЇ РОЗВ’ЯЗАННЯ

In the process of Nedielnegas-condensate field development flooding of the productive horizon M-4 is observed, which negatively effects reaching the maximum hydrocarbonex traction factor. Experts of Yuliyevskeoil, gas and condensate workshop conducted exploration study of well 3. On the results of this study such mode of the well operation was chosen, which provides periodical gas take-off. During subsequent operation the well stopped. In order to restore its operation, development of the well was carried out and then it was operated again. Due to the growth of the water factor, well operation did not last long. To solve this well flooding problem, works on selective water-isolation were carried out according to the technology developed by Ukrainian Research Institute for Natural Gases. Its essence lies in the formation of impermeable layer of blocking material in reservoir conditions, which provides isolation of the stratum water inflow. The institute experts elaborated the plan according to which the work was conducted in several stages, in particular, supplying foam into the internal cavity of the lift tubes for washing out the sand, pumping blocking solution, pumping chemical reactants and study of the well. On the results of the conducted water-isolation works reduction of the stratum water content in the well was achieved. Individual measurements of the well operation parameters were conducted. Thus, the conducted water-isolation works made it possible to restore the well operation. Technological mode of the well operation that was limited due to the installation of a washer at the wellhead was proposed. In order to prevent premature flooding of the water horizons, an important measure is selection and adherence to the optimal technological mode of the well operation. In the conditions of the water factor growth it is necessary to conduct geophysical studies in order to detect the source of water inflow to the well.

Optimization of technological modes of laser welding overlapping the sheets made of aluminum alloy AMg2M with steel St3

Optimization of technological modes of laser welding overlapping the sheets made of aluminum alloy AMg2M with steel St3

Mathematical modelling of “reactor – stabilizer column” system in catalytic dewaxing of straight run and heavy gasoils

This work presents the results of the mathematical modelling of the industrial catalytic dewaxing process, which is aimed to produce the components of low-freezing diesel fuel. The dewaxing catalyst deactivation degree is evaluated. Application of the developed mathematical model for estimating the influence of the technological parameters and feedstock composition on the target product yield and properties is considered. The calculation results are given for the optimal technological modes for various feedstock compositions. The way to improve the efficiency of the stabilizer column operation as one of the stages of the dewaxing process is proposed.

Computer simulation of metal wire explosion under high rate heating

Synchronous electric explosion of metal wires and synthesis of bicomponent nanoparticles were investigated on the base of molecular dynamics method. Copper and nickel nanosized crystallites of cylindrical shape were chosen as conductors for explosion. The embedded atom approximation was used for calculation of the interatomic interactions. The agglomeration process after explosion metal wires was the main mechanism for particle synthesis. The distribution of chemical elements was non-uniform over the cross section of the bicomponent particles. The copper concentration in the surface region was higher than in the bulk of the synthesized particle. By varying the loading parameters (heating temperature, the distance between the wires) one can control the size and internal structure of the synthesized bicomponent nanoparticles. The obtained results showed that the method of molecular dynamics can be effectively used to determine the optimal technological mode of nanoparticle synthesis on the base of electric explosion of metal wires.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСТАНОВОК РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ХИМИКО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ОБЪЕКТНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА

The possibility of using an object-oriented approach to the creation of information systems of modeling and design of complex chemical-technological processes are considered. Building information models of technological processes using the object-oriented approach involves several stages: the construction of the domain model, the creation of the model of system activity, the formation of an information model and the creation of database models of technological process. As a result of an iterative process, with incremental build-up opportunities, object-oriented design model of chemical-technological system was elaborated; it is to be subject to further code generation. The proposed scheme of designing information models of chemical and technological systems has been used in the development of computer environment for modeling and design of processes of thin organic synthesis - diazotization and azo coupling. Built in the system information models of diazotization and azo coupling allow to calculate not only the parameters of the state of chemical-engineering processes, but also to determine their quality indicators. The results of the calculation of quality indicators of azo pigment were shown as an example. Computational experiments, modeling of technological processes of synthesis of azo pigments, study their static modes, construction areas of permitted functioning modes of the reactor azo coupling system allow to come to the the conclusion about the necessity of formulating and solving problems on optimization of technological modes of process of synthesis of the azo pigments. This will not only improve the quality of the azo pigment, but also receive azo pigment with specified quality and physical and coloristic indicators.

Dynamics of Bicomponent Nanoparticle Formation under Metal Wire Explosion

A molecular dynamics simulation of bi-component nanoparticle formation under synchronous electric explosion of Cu and Ni wires was carried out. The approximation of the embedded atom method for a description of the interatomic interactions was used. The simulated nanowires had a cylindrical shape. Periodic boundary conditions were used along the cylinder axis, while in the other directions a free surface was simulated. Heating of the nanowires was performed by scaling of the atomic velocities following a linear law while maintaining a Maxwell distribution. It was shown that as a result of the synchronous electrical dispersion of metal wires the bi-component nanoparticles having a block structure may be formed. The basic mechanism of particle synthesis was the agglomeration of smaller clusters, and the minor one was the deposition of atoms from the gas phase on the particle surfaces. It was found that the distribution of chemical elements was non-uniform over the cross section of the synthesized particles. The concentration of Cu atoms in the subsurface region was higher than in the particle volume. It was noted that the method of molecular dynamics can effectively be used to select the optimal technological mode of producing nanoparticles with a block structure using electric explosion of metal wires.

Дослідження впливу технологічних факторів для оцінювання якості гарячого тиснення фольгою на пластикових матеріалах

The results of experimental research of hot stamping by foil in polyvinyl chloride with different technological modes: temperature (110–190° C), pressure (4–7 MPa) and time stamping (0,01–2 sec.) are given in the article. After the study analyzed the resolution, coating ability, adherence, rub resistance, picture distortion. For quality image transfer is necessary to maintain the temperature cliche in strictly defined limits. Insufficient temperature leads to incomplete transfer ink layer of foil on polyvinyl chloride plastics, and overheating stamping die — to discoloration and loss of small items and brightness of the image. Fuzzy stamping of the edges occurs at the wrong temperature or models too high pressure. The optimal technological mode of stamping on plastics is the temperature 190° C, the pressure of 7 MPa, time stamping in 1 sec.

Analysis of microstructure and properties of multilayer coatings produced by laser cladding

Purpose of the work is to prepare multilayer coatings corresponding to specified requirements to recovery and improvement of surface details. Requirements to coatings: providing durable and reliable adhesion base and filler materials, absence of pores, cracks, delaminations, reducing mixing metal base and cladding. We used iron-based PR-10R6M5 and tungsten carbide Hoganas 44712 powders. Experimental determination of the optimal technological mode of application of the single track, the coefficient of overlapping tracks to create a full layer, the angle of the second cladding layer, relative to the first one and, finally, the determination of the optimal additive tungsten carbide to achieve increased durability were produced to fulfill these requirements.

Researches on thermal and rheological properties of cream- and vegetable spread

Researches of thermal and rheological properties of cream- and vegetable spread are necessary for the scientific substantiation of their obtaining process, namely mixing and crystallization processes. As the object of research, we chose a cream- and vegetable spread, with the following composition: peanut butter 10%; wheat germ oil 10%; linseed oil 20%; butter 59.8%; emulsifier 0.2%. With the data obtained in the course of research of the rheological properties of cream- and vegetable spread, one can subsequently generate recommendations for optimization of technological modes of production. In particular, one can solve problems of intensification of hydro-mechanical and thermal processes by carrying them out at such a temperature and speed when the maximum preservation of the produced product structure will be achieved. Determination of thermal characteristics was carried out in the apparatus for the study of thermal and rheological properties of viscoelastic liquids Coesfeld RT-1394H. Rheological researches of cream- and vegetable spread were carried out on a series of viscometers SV-10 and PB-8m. The graphs of spread dynamic viscosity dependence on the temperature, and the dependence of the effective viscosity of the spread and vegetable oils on the shear rate were built according to experimental data. The data obtained is rational to choose the equipment for processing and production of cream- and vegetable spread, to simulate processes taking place in the production process, to solve problems of intensification of thermal and hydro-mechanical processes reasonably, by conducting the production process at temperatures that do not cause the destruction of the product structure.

Analysis of technological parameters of production (methodological aspect)

Technological parameters of production are analyzed using the basic triad of concepts: conditional, primary and secondary objects of labor. The conclusion about the unique feature of the subject of labor to fix the pros and cons of mans production effort and means of his activities is reasoned. We propose to consider the object of labor as a non-differentiable combination of the natural (substrate) and the social (abstract and concrete labor implemented in the substrate). It operates in a technological space - time (a thing - the process of becoming a thing). In any situation, the primary object of labor (mining technology) is preceded by a conditional object (research tech), finished or end product is preceded by a secondary object of labor (processing technology). The points of technological restrictions identify the parameters of the optimal technological mode for the system "man - tool object of labor" with regard to economic, social and environmental components. Technological parameters are specified by examples of technological chains (traditional and innovative) of individual enterprises, production units of cluster and network types. Postulates of the theory of object of labor reflect the methodologically important status of technologies of any kind of production-material, spiritual, virtual and social.

Study Technological Factors Effect on the Loss of Protein, Carbohydrate and Lipid inside Royal Jelly in the Freeze Drying Process

This study published the mathematical models that were built by experiment to describe relationships between the loss of nutritional substances such as protein, carbohydrate and lipid of Royal jelly with technological factors in the freeze drying process such as temperature and pressure of freeze drying chamber; time of freeze drying process. These relationships were applied to determine the optimal technological factors. The results were found out the optimal technological mode as follow: the optimal temperature of freeze drying chamber was 24.35°C, the optimal pressure of freeze drying chamber was 0.368 mmHg and the optimal time of the freeze drying process was 19.225 h. Corresponding to these factors, the minimum value of the loss of protein, carbohydrate and lipid of Royal jelly were 1.968, 1.839 and 1.799% and the residual water content of final product after freeze drying were 3.51 under 4.5%. These optimal factors were really essential to establish the technological mode of the freeze drying process Royal jelly for preservation.

Optimization of Technological Modes of Coating a Copper Sublayer before Silvering Aluminum Electrical Contacts

Optimal techniques of coating a copper underlayer before silvering aluminum contacts by detonation were developed. Velocity of particles in flow, adhesion of copper layer, and porosity of coating were taken into account. The determined sputtering conditions allow improving quality of silver coating on the contacts.

Developing of the mathematical model for controlling the operation of alkane dehydrogenation catalyst in production of linear alkyl benzene

The main results are presented on the modeling of the industrial process of catalytic dehydrogenation of C9–C14n-alkanes which is one of the technological stages in the production of linear alkyl benzene used in the synthesis of synthetic detergents. Application of the developed mathematical model in evaluating the influence of the raw material composition on the target product yield is considered. The calculation results are given for the optimal technological modes with different dehydrogenation Pt-catalysts and also for prediction of catalysts lifetime duration.

Application of Multi-Objective Optimization by S and R* Optimal Combination Criteria to Determine the Freeze Drying Mode of Penaeus monodon

The establishment of the freeze drying mode of Penaeus monodon was based on the solution to multi-objective optimization problem. Experiments was carried out to set up the objective functions describing the influence of technological factors (temperature and pressure of freeze drying chamber, and time of freeze drying) to the freeze drying process. The restricted area method with R*(Z) optimal combination criterion was applied to solve the multiobjective optimization problem, determining the optimal technological mode of freeze drying process (correspondingly 33.96°C, 0.008 mmHg and 13.21h) in order that the objective functions reached the minimum value in terms of the finished product, including the energy consumption of 68.77 kWh/kg, the residual water content of 4.76%, the antirehydration capacity of 7.82%, the volume contraction of 8.82% and the loss of vitamin C of 1.91%.

Development of an intelligent system for controlling paraffin dehydrogenation catalyst operation in production of linear alkyl benzenes

In this article, we present the main results on the modeling of the industrial process of catalytic C9–C14 n-paraffin dehydrogenation, which is one of the technological stages in the production of linear alkyl benzenes used for the synthesis of synthetic detergents. The application of the developed mathematical model for evaluating the influence of the raw material composition on the target product yield is considered. The calculation results on the optimal technological modes for different dehydrogenation Pt catalysts and also on the prediction their lifetime are given.

Ways to increase the efficiency of solar cells with extremely thin absorption layers

The effect of design parameters, electrical properties, and technological modes of formation on the efficiency of the photoelectrical conversion of solar cells with extremely thin absorbing layers based on the SnO2:F/TiO2/In2S3/InxPb1 − xS/CuSCN is investigated. It is shown that both a decrease in resistance due to an increase in roughness and a decrease in the average grain size of the TiO2 films is attained with deposition using the sol-gel method under conditions of increased humidity. The use of Ni as the contact metal to a planarizing CuSCN layer provides the reduced value of the transient resistance. The optimization of the sequential resistance of the TiO2 film and contact resistance to the CuSCN layer provided an increase in the efficiency of photoelectric converters by a factor of more than four. The structures of solar cells formed in optimal technological modes showed the following characteristics: Jsc = 9 mA/cm2, Uoc = 720 mV, and they had an efficiency of 2.9%.