Optimal Medium Research Articles

OPTIMIZATION OF CROSS-PLATFORM APPLICATIONS USING THE REACT LIBRARY

In today's world, with the growing use of mobile devices, the importance of creating cross-platform applications that provide high performance and quality of user experience has increased significantly. Improving the creation of such applications using React and React Native opens up wide opportunities for developers due to the possibility of code reuse, high development speed and ease of innovation, and is especially relevant because it concerns not only the technological aspects of development, but also economic efficiency, quality of user experience and the speed of introducing innovations to the software market. Open source and active community communication allow rapid identification and resolution of issues, development of new features and enhancements, and the sharing of knowledge and experience between developers. This creates a positive environment for innovation and growth, promotes rapid technological progress, and improves the quality of end products. The paper analyzes the key aspects and challenges associated with the creation of cross-platform applications, analyzes the main types of optimizations at different levels of development, including the component level, the state and data level, the level of working with APIs and external data, as well as the loading and code level. Special attention is paid to the integration of synchronous and asynchronous rendering to achieve optimal performance and user experience. Highlights the benefits of flexible state management using state managers, as well as the importance of image and media optimization to improve overall website performance. The article notes the role of the developer community in the process of improvement and innovation. Developers who master these technologies and optimize their application can create products that not only meet the requirements of the time, but also form new standards in the field of mobile and web development. Further research and integration of the latest technologies into the development process of cross-platform applications will have a significant impact on the software industry.

Efficient production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans using a multi-objective optimization strategy with orthogonal experimental design coupling artificial neural network and genetic algorithm

Efficient pullulan production has long been a central research focus. This study used maltodextrin as the carbon source for pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans fermentation. A hybrid optimization approach, integrating orthogonal experimental design (OED), backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), and elite strategy non-dominated sequential genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), was developed. Range analysis based on OED revealed that MgSO4·7H2O significantly affects production but less impacts molecular weight, while pH notably influences molecular weight with a lesser effect on production, underscoring the need for multi-objective optimization. The BP-ANN model showed strong predictive capabilities, with goodness-of-fit values of 0.984 and 0.980 for production and molecular weight, respectively. Using this model as the fitness function for the optimization algorithm enhanced efficiency. Taking cost factors into account, the BP-ANN-NSGA-II algorithm identified the optimal fermentation medium conditions, resulting in a 6.89 % increase in production, a 368.97 % increase in molecular weight, and a 42.49 % reduction in cost. The maximum comprehensive optimization efficiency is 63.73 %, and the multi-objective optimization is better than the single objective optimization. This method significantly guides the improvement of pullulan fermentation optimization efficiency.

Cutting propagation of Salicornia europaea L. and the optimum NaCl and nutrient solution levels for its rooting and growth

ABSTRACT Salicornia europaea is a salty and crunchy succulent vegetable, traditionally known as precious gourmet food in Europe and Hawaii. Additionally, this plant is expected to be one of the most essential candidates for future crops under climate change because of its high salt tolerance and abundance of bioactive compounds. S. europaea is generally cultivated by seed propagation, which is challenging because of the heterogeneity in seed size, viability and dormancy. However, our results show that the cutting method is suitable for propagating this plant. We explored various nutrient conditions and proposed that the optimal culture medium conditions for promoting root and biomass development consists of 1.5% NaCl and a nutrient solution with 260 ppm N, 120 ppm P2O5 and 405 ppm K2O. Our findings suggest that the cutting method can facilitate S. europaea propagation, owing to its high degree of efficiency, homogeneity and simplicity, providing the potential to produce food even in salt-affected areas effectively.

Optimized medium conditions maximize colony regeneration from a single cell of Botryococcus braunii NIES836

Botryococcus braunii is a colonial alga recognized for its slow growth but high hydrocarbon accumulation. Although using genetic engineering to increase the growth rate and hydrocarbon yield of B. braunii is desirable, the presence of an extracellular matrix (ECM) significantly hinders the emergence of a homogeneous colony from a single DNA-transformed cell. Previously, we developed a method to isolate single cells without ECM from colonies. However, following the isolation of single cells, several months are required to regenerate colonies with a sufficient cell mass for subsequent analysis. To shorten the colony regeneration period, we investigated basal media and medium components, along with growth-promoting additives, in a series of single-factor experiments and optimized the concentrations of the medium constituents via response surface methodology (RSM). The results of the single-factor experiments revealed that the nitrogen source (a mixture of NaNO3 and NH4NO3), 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and Fe(III)-citrate significantly increased the growth of B. braunii single cells into colonies. The optimal medium composition identified by RSM included 151.6 mg/L nitrogen source, 2.419 mg/L NAA and 15.3 mg/L Fe(III)-citrate. Verification experiments showed that the optimized medium resulted in a 1.75-fold increase in colony size compared with that of colonies grown in nonoptimized AF6 medium. This is the first report of the optimal medium composition for the regeneration of B. braunii colonies from single cells.

Central composite design for optimizing istamycin production by Streptomyces tenjimariensis.

Istamycins (ISMs) are 2-deoxyfortamine-containing aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) produced by Streptomyces tenjimariensis ATCC 31603 with broad-spectrum bactericidal activities against most of the clinically relevant pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to statistically optimize the environmental conditions affecting ISMs production using the central composite design (CCD). Both the effect of culture media composition and incubation time and agitation rate were studied as one factor at the time (OFAT). The results showed that both the aminoglycoside production medium and the protoplast regeneration medium gave the highest specific productivity. Results also showed that 6days incubation time and 200rpm agitation were optimum for their production. A CCD quadratic model of 17 runs was employed to test three key variables: initial pH, incubation temperature, and concentration of calcium carbonate. A significant statistical model was obtained including, an initial pH of 6.38, incubation temperature of 30 ˚C, and 5.3% CaCO3 concentration. This model was verified experimentally in the lab and resulted in a 31-fold increase as compared to the unoptimized conditions and a threefold increase to that generated by using the optimized culture media. To our knowledge, this is the first report about studying environmental conditions affecting ISM production as OFAT and through CCD design of the response surface methodology (RSM) employed for statistical optimization. In conclusion, the CCD design is an effective tool for optimizing ISMs at the shake flask level. However, the optimized conditions generated using the CCD model in this study should be scaled up in a fermenter for industrial production of ISMs by S. tenjimariensis ATCC 31603 considering the studied environmental conditions that significantly influence the production proces.

Selection of the Most Suitable Culture Medium for Patient-Derived Lung Cancer Organoids

Introduction: Patient-derived organoids have emerged as a promising in vitro model for precision medicine, particularly in cancer, but also in noncancer-related diseases. However, the optimal culture medium for culturing patient-derived lung organoids has not yet been agreed upon. This study aimed to shed light on the optimal selection of a culture media for developing studies using patient-derived lung organoids. Methods: Tumor and normal paired tissue from 71 resected non-small cell lung cancer patients were processed for organoid culture. Lung cancer organoids (LCOs) were derived from tumor tissue and normal lung organoids (LNOs) from nonneoplastic lung tissue. Three different culture media were compared: permissive culture medium (PCM), limited culture medium (LCM), and minimum basal medium (MBM). We assessed their effectiveness in establishing organoid cultures, promoting organoid growth and viability, and compared their differential phenotypic characteristics. Results: While PCM was associated with the highest success rate and useful for long-term expansion, MBM was the best option to avoid normal organoid overgrowth in the organoid culture. The density, size, and viability of LNOs were reduced using LCM and severely affected with MBM. LNOs cultured in PCM tend to differentiate to bronchospheres, while alveolosphere differentiation can be observed in those cultured with LCM. The morphological phenotype of LCO was influenced by the culture media of election. Mesenchymal cell overgrowth was observed when LCM was used. Conclusion: This work highlights the importance of considering the research objectives when selecting the most suitable culture medium for growing patient-derived lung organoids.

Selection and evaluation of optimal medium for Eisenia fetida in sustainable waste recycling

Present study explored the optimal medium for survival, growth, and reproductive performance of Eisenia fetida using kitchen waste, cow dung mixtures, and rice straw in a volume of 3834. Experimental setups involved various combinations of different experimental set such as set I:kitchen waste alone (3 kg); set II kitchen waste:dung (2 kg:1 kg); set III kitchen waste:dung (1 kg:2 kg) set IV Kitchen waste: Dung: Rice straw (1 kg:1 kg:1 kg) and set V:dung alone (3 kg) to evaluate earthworm survival rates. Eisenia fetida were introduced three days after setup initiation, with temperatures maintained between 20 °C–28 °C and moisture levels at 50–60%. Jute cloth covers prevented external intrusion and earthworm escape. The study monitored earthworm weight, cocoon production, hatchlings, and waste in a 90 day experiment, collecting adult earthworms, cocoons, and juveniles for observation. Results revealed that specific ratios of kitchen waste and cow dung significantly influenced earthworm survival, reproduction and vermicompost quality. The study highlights the significance of optimizing waste recycling processes using earthworms and emphasizes the need for suitable mediums to improve waste conversion efficiency and vermicompost quality.

Use of the Sulfur-Containing Growth Regulator Tiaton for Rooting Micro-Gears of Grapes in Culture in vitro

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a nutrient solution for the rhizogenesis of grape micro–gears in the Murasiga-Skuga medium (MS) with the addition of various concentrations of the drug Tiaton (0.1, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 ml/l). In experiments, the effect of different concentrations of the drug Tiaton on the rooting and vegetative growth of grapes of the Khasansky and Moskovsky White hybrids in vitro was studied. When the Tiaton preparation was added to the MS nutrient medium in various concentrations, the rooting capacity of the micro-gears of the Khasansky hybrid grape increased by 40%, the total root length increased by 2.4 times compared with the control. In the Moscow White hybrid, when using the Triaton growth regulator, an increase in the rooting capacity of micro gears up to 25% and the total root length by 1.5 times is shown. The optimal concentrations of the Triaton preparation for addition to the MS nutrient solution for optimal rhizogenesis of micro-gears and the development of vegetative growth of cuttings of the studied grape hybrids have been established. Thus, for Khasansky hybrid grapes, the most optimal medium for improving rooting and root development of micro gears was ½ MS + 0.15 ml/l of Tiaton preparation. In the Moscow White hybrid, a significant increase in the rooting capacity of micro-gears and good development of the root system was obtained when Tiaton was added to the nutrient medium for rhizogenase of micro-gears in concentrations (0.15 and 0.20 ml/l).

Targeted isolation of Methanobrevibacter strains from fecal samples expands the cultivated human archaeome

Archaea are vital components of the human microbiome, yet their study within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is limited by the scarcity of cultured representatives. Our study presents a method for the targeted enrichment and isolation of methanogenic archaea from human fecal samples. The procedure combines methane breath testing, in silico metabolic modeling, media optimization, FACS, dilution series, and genomic sequencing through Nanopore technology. Additional analyzes include the co-cultured bacteriome, comparative genomics of archaeal genomes, functional comparisons, and structure-based protein function prediction of unknown differential traits. Successful establishment of stable archaeal cultures from 14 out of 16 fecal samples yielded nine previously uncultivated strains, eight of which are absent from a recent archaeome genome catalog. Comparative genomic and functional assessments of Methanobrevibacter smithii and Candidatus Methanobrevibacter intestini strains from individual donors revealed features potentially associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Our work broadens available archaeal representatives for GIT studies, and offers insights into Candidatus Methanobrevibacter intestini genomes’ adaptability in critical microbiome contexts.

Agro-industrial Waste Utilization, Medium Optimization, and Immobilization of Economically Feasible Halo-Alkaline Protease Produced by Nocardiopsis dassonvillei Strain VCS-4.

The oceanic actinobacteria have strong potential to secrete novel enzymes with unique properties useful for biotechnological applications. The Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain VCS-4, associated with seaweed Caulerpa scalpeliformis, was a halo-alkaline protease producer. Further investigation focuses on medium optimization and the use of agro-industrial waste for economically feasible, high-yield protease production. A total of 12 experimental runs were designed using Minitab-20 software and Placket-Burman design. Among the 7 physicochemical parameters analyzed, incubation time and gelatin were detected as significant factors responsible for higher protease production. Incubation time and gelatin were further analyzed using OVATs. Optimal protease production was achieved with 2% gelatin, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% bacteriological peptone, 7% NaCl, pH 8, 5% inoculum, and a 7-day incubation period, resulting in a maximum protease activity (Pmax) of 363.97 U/mL, generation time of 11.9h, specific growth rate of 0.161g/mL/h, and protease productivity (Qp) of 61.65 U/mL/h. Moreover, utilizing groundnut cake as an agro-industrial waste led to enhanced production parameters: Pmax of 408.42 U/mL, generation time of 9.74h, specific growth rate of 0.361g/mL/h, and Qp of 68.07 U/mL/h. The immobilization of crude protease was achieved using Seralite SRC 120 as a support matrix resulting in 470.38 U/g immobilization, 88.20% immobilization yield, and 28.90% recovery activity. Characterization of both crude and immobilized proteases revealed optimal activity at pH 10 and 70°C. Immobilization enhanced the shelf-life, reusability, and stability of VCS-4 protease under extreme conditions.

Medium optimization to improve growth and iron uptake by Bacillus tequilensis ASFS1 using fractional factorial designs

Many notable applications have been described for magnetic nanoparticles in delivery of diverse drugs and bioactive compounds into cells, magnetofection for the treatment of cancer, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). In response to the growing demand for magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery or biomedical imaging applications, more effective and eco-friendly methodologies are required for large-scale biosynthesis of this nanoparticles. The major challenge in the large-scale biomedical application of magnetic nanoparticles lies in its low efficiency and optimization of nanoparticle production can address this issue. In the current study, a prediction model is suggested by the fractional factorial designs. The present study aims to optimize culture media components for improved growth and iron uptake of this strain. The result of optimization for iron uptake by the strain ASFS1 is to increase the production of magnetic nanoparticles by this strain for biomedical applications in the future. In the present study, design of experiment method was used to probe the effects of some key medium components (yeast extract, tryptone, FeSO4, Na2-EDTA, and FeCl3) on Fe content in biomass and dried biomass of strain ASFS1. A 25−1 fractional factorial design showed that Na2-EDTA, FeCl3, yeast extract-tryptone interaction, and FeSO4-Na2-EDTA interaction were the most parameters on Fe content in biomass within the experimented levels (p < 0.05), while yeast extract, FeCl3, and yeast extract-tryptone interaction were the most significant factors within the experimented levels (p < 0.05) to effect on dried biomass of strain ASFS1. The optimum culture media components for the magnetic nanoparticles production by strain ASFS1 was reported to be 7.95 g L−1 of yeast extract, 5 g L−1 of tryptone, 75 μg mL−1 of FeSO4, 192.3 μg mL−1 of Na2-EDTA and 150 μg mL−1 of FeCl3 which was theoretically able to produce Fe content in biomass (158 μg mL−1) and dried biomass (2.59 mg mL−1) based on the obtained for medium optimization. Using these culture media components an experimental maximum Fe content in biomass (139 ± 13 μg mL−1) and dried biomass (2.2 ± 0.2 mg mL−1) was obtained, confirming the efficiency of the used method.

Medium Formulation and Optimisation of Fermentation Condition Enhancing γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Biosynthesis by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B7

Extensive studies on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) over decades highlight its significant physiological and pharmacological effects on humans. GABA produced using microbe is favoured compared to enzymatic and chemical methods due to operational ease and reduced harmful pollutant formation. This study focused on increasing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B7, employing a multi-step optimisation strategy. An unoptimised cultivation approach yielded a maximum GABA of 11.68 ± 0.04 g/L and viable cell count of 10.47 ± 0.01 log CFU/mL at 48 h. A nutrient-rich medium was developed through single-parameter optimisation, comprising 1%, 2.5% and 0.0002% of glucose, yeast extract and each trace element (CaCO3, KI, and Tween 80) respectively. Temperature, pH, incubation period, initial concentration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) demonstrated significant contributions towards GABA production and cell growth as determined using a two-level factorial design. Steepest ascent identified optimal conditions (36°C, pH 5.5, 370 mM MSG, and 0.7 mM PLP), resulting in 30.50 g/L GABA and 11.51 log CFU/mL at 60 h. Further refinement via a central composite experiment yielded optimal conditions (temperature-35.6°C, pH-5.66, initial MSG concentration-335.61 mM, PLP concentration-0.723 mM) with improved GABA production (32.18 g/L) and cell growth (11.52 log CFU/mL) over 63.66 h. Therefore, this approach utilising lactic acid bacteria capable of GABA synthesis holds promise for mass-produced, enhanced-functional foods.

Stepwise cell culture process intensification for high-productivity and cost-effective commercial manufacturing of a Mabcalin™ bispecifics

Process intensification and media optimization, as a crucial step for improving productivity and manufacturing cost of goods (COG), set the stage for commercialization readiness and redefine the landscape for patient access. This study described a stepwise approach to explore different intensified fed-batch processes along with optimized cell culture media for the production of a Mabcalin™ bispecifics. Initially, by leveraging perfusion expansion, intensified fed-batch (IFB) with an inoculation density of 10.3 × 106 cells/mL was developed to produce 6.1 g/L of products, compared to 3.9 g/L from the original traditional fed-batch (TFB). Following the IFB conversion, a high-performing production medium, MagniCHO™, was chosen to substitute the original one, which further boosted the titer to 9.1 g/L. The result underscored the significance of developing an optimized cell culture media for intensified cultivation. Furthermore, the approach of ultra-intensified intermittent-perfusion fed-batch was utilized, raising the seeding density to 73.6 × 106 cells/mL. A final harvest titer of 24.5 g/L was recorded. Additionally, manufacturing COG was calculated to evaluate how process intensification could lead to improved manufacturing cost-effectiveness, with up to 71 % COG reduction attainable with the UI-IPFB process. This study demonstrated that even for difficult-to-express modalities, applying a strategic development approach including process intensification and media optimization could effectively improve manufacturing efficiency and COG competitiveness.

Efficient ammonia conversion in proton conducting fuel cells: Combined application of dendritic anodes and nanofiber catalysts

Ammonia, with its high hydrogen content, serves as an optimal carbon-free medium for indirect hydrogen storage, making it ideal for fuel cells. Nevertheless, the limited anodic catalytic activity of Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (PCFCs) significantly hampers NH3 utilization efficiency and overall performance. This study introduces efficient nano-catalysts deposited onto dendritic anodic microchannels, leading to the formation of an in-situ ammonia decomposition reactor for internal ammonia gas conversion. Compared to conventional cells, this cell, equipped with a catalyst bed, shows a 25% increase in peak power density and a 20%–30% enhancement in NH3 utilization efficiency. Additionally, ammonia undergoes efficient decomposition on anodic metallic nickel, which prevents nickel nitridation and improves cell stability. The augmented stability of these cells is evidenced by their prolonged operational lifespan under constant current conditions, extending from 63 to 108 h, thus marking a substantial enhancement in the system's durability and reliability.

Construction of Optimal Regeneration System for Chrysanthemum '11-C-2' Stem Segment with Buds.

Chrysanthemum morifolium '11-C-2' is a variety of chrysanthemums with high ornamental and tea value, experiencing significant market demand. However, as cultivation areas expand, issues such as viral infection, germplasm degradation, low proliferation coefficient, and slow proliferation rate arise, necessitating the establishment of an efficient in vitro regeneration system. This study, based on the principles of orthogonal experimental design, explored the regeneration system of Chrysanthemum cultivar '11-C-2' using sterile seedlings. The research focused on three key stages: adventitious bud differentiation, rooting culture, and acclimatization-transplantation, employing shoot-bearing stem segments and leaves as explants. The findings indicate that the optimal explant for the Chrysanthemum '11-C-2' sterile seedlings is the shoot-bearing stem segment. The best medium for adventitious bud differentiation was determined to be MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Bud differentiation began on day 17 with a 100% differentiation rate, completing around day 48. The maximum differentiation coefficient reached 87, with an average of 26.67. The adventitious buds were then cultured for rooting in the optimal medium of 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA. Rooting was initiated on day 4 and was completed by day 14, achieving a rooting rate of 97.62%. After a 5-day acclimatization under natural light, the rooted seedlings were transplanted into a growth substrate with a peat-to-vermiculite ratio of 1:2. The plants exhibited optimal growth, with a transplantation survival rate of 100%. The findings provide data support for the efficient large-scale propagation of '11-C-2' and lay the foundation for germplasm preservation and genetic transformation research of tea chrysanthemums.

Flow cytometry evaluation of Dalagh ram post-thaw semen incorporated with curcumin-loaded niosomal nanocarriers

Optimization of cryopreservation media to attenuate oxidative damage on post-thaw spermatozoa is crucial. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant functionality of curcumin-loaded niosomal nanocarriers (CurLNN) on the quality of cryopreserved ram spermatozoa. Semen samples (n=16) of four Dalagh rams were extended with different concentrations (10 or 20 μL) of curcumin (Cur) or CurLNN and then cryopreserved using a standard protocol. The findings indicated that sperm cells exposed to curcumin, specifically CurLNN at a concentration of 20 μL, displayed increased levels of total and progressive motility, greater lateral head displacement and linearity values, improved plasma membrane function, and reduced abnormality (P < 0.05). Viability and plasma membrane functionality increased by supplementing cryopreservation medium with Cur20 and CurLNN (P < 0.05). A significant decline (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations was observed by supplementing cryopreservation medium with both curcumin and its nano-sized. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with mitochondrial activity when the cryopreservation medium was incorporated with CurLNN. Spermatozoa treated with CurLNN demonstrated higher viability and lower late apoptosis (P < 0.05) compared with other groups. There were no differences among groups in terms of the percentage of necrotic and early apoptotic spermatozoa. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that nano-sized curcumin, particularly at a 20 µL concentration, had a higher antioxidant potential, leading to improved sperm functional quality by mitigating oxidative damage during cryopreservation.

Pengembangan Pariwisata Melalui Penggunaan dan Pengoptimalan Media Digital

Knowledge and understanding about how to use and apply social media in promotional or business activities for tourism actors or the public is very important. Some of the main problems faced by service partners are related to the use and optimization of social media. If the community or tourism actors already have an understanding of these things, their business can grow more rapidly. The aim of implementing this community service is to provide strengthening and understanding of management concepts such as marketing, use of digital media, to develop business for the community or tourism actors in promoting tourist attractions in Tlogokotes Village as service partners. The activity mechanism uses lecture and discussion methods as well as practice or simulation. Each session ends with a question and answer session to find out how far the participants' level of understanding is in responding to the material that has been presented. This community service activity was carried out in three sessions by each team member, and it was carried out well. As a result, service partners can have better knowledge and understanding of management concepts, because the response and enthusiasm of service partners to understand the material presented is quite high. As a recommendation, community service with this theme can be carried out with other service partners such as home industry groups, street vendor groups, traditional market trader groups and so on, so as to expand understanding of management concepts such as Sharia marketing, product packaging and financial management. business better.

Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria: strategies for the bioprotection of dairy foods

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), essential in fermenting milk, produce an array of antimicrobial compounds, notably bacteriocins, which contribute to the extended shelf life of dairy goods. Bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized peptides, display broad or narrow-spectrum antimicrobial activity, thus holding promise in food preservation. The classification of LAB bacteriocins is intricate, reflecting evolving genomic insights and biosynthesis mechanisms. Strategies for integrating bacteriocins into dairy products include purified forms, bacteriocin-producing LAB, and bacteriocin-containing fermentates, each with distinct advantages and considerations. Optimization of fermentation conditions, encompassing time, temperature, pH, and culture medium, is essential for maximizing bacteriocin production. This optimization facilitates enhanced quality and safety of fermented dairy items, aligning with the growing consumer preference for natural, minimally processed foods. Furthermore, the incorporation of bacteriocins into a hurdle approach alongside thermal and non-thermal treatments holds promise for augmenting food bioprotection while reducing reliance on chemical preservatives. This comprehensive overview underscores the potential of LAB bacteriocins as a natural, effective alternative to conventional food preservatives, offering insights into their application and optimization in dairy product preservation.

Full maturation of in vitro Plasmodium falciparum oocysts using the AlgiMatrix 3D culture system

BackgroundPlasmodium falciparum oocysts undergo growth and maturation in a unique setting within the mosquito midgut, firmly situated between the epithelium and the basal lamina. This location exposes them to specific nutrient exchange and metabolic processes while in direct contact with the mosquito haemolymph. The limited availability of in vitro culture systems for growth of the various P. falciparum mosquito stages hampers study of their biology and impedes progress in combatting malaria.MethodsAn artificial in vitro environment was established to mimic this distinctive setting, transitioning from a 2D culture system to a 3D model capable of generating fully mature oocysts that give rise to in vitro sporozoites.ResultsA two-dimensional (2D) chamber slide was employed along with an extracellular matrix composed of type IV collagen, entactin, and gamma laminin. This matrix facilitated development of the optimal medium composition for cultivating mature P. falciparum oocysts in vitro. However, the limitations of this 2D culture system in replicating the in vivo oocyst environment prompted a refinement of the approach by optimizing a three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrix culture system. This new system offered improved attachment, structural support, and nutrient exchange for the developing oocysts, leading to their maturation and the generation of sporozoites.ConclusionsThis technique enables the in vitro growth of P. falciparum oocysts and sporozoites.

The Impact of the Growth Regulators and Cultivation Conditions of Temporary Immersion Systems (TISs) on the Morphological Characteristics of Potato Explants and Microtubers

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) constitute one of the most economically important annual crops. In terms of tissue culture, potato microtubers (MTs) have a number of advantages over conventional plants. These advantages include their small size, which greatly facilitates storage, transport, and germplasm exchange compared to in vitro plants. One effective solution for the production and mass propagation of healthy MTs is the use of temporary immersion systems (TISs). In this study, in a SETISTM system containing kinetin/gibberellic acid (GA)/indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormones, we investigated the effects of different nutrient media on the morphological characteristics of potato explants and MTs. We determined the optimal cycling duration (3 h) with an immersion frequency of 2 min. The results revealed that the optimal nutrient medium for culturing single-node potato explants in a SETISTM bioreactor was the M7 medium containing kinetin (2 mg/L), GA (0.5 mg/L), and IBA (0.5 mg/L). The optimal nutrient medium for obtaining potato MTs was the M1 medium (hormone-free) with a high concentration of sucrose (9%) at 18 °C under dark growing conditions. Thus, a universal nutrient medium, employed in a bioreactor, was selected for the mass propagation of potato MTs for both domestic and foreign potato varieties.