Optimal Working Research Articles

ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ. ПРИОРИТЕТНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ АДАПТАЦИИ (АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР)

A review of the studies assessing the impact of climate change on public health is presented. Taking into account climatic features of various regions, priority tasks of the National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change are identified. The tasks include: establishing threshold values for high temperatures based on assessing health risks, including mental health; creating a monitoring system for the concentration of allergenic plant pollen and the prevalence of allergic diseases; developing prevention systems for outdoor and indoor workers at extremely high temperatures (optimum work and rest conditions); improving the epidemiological surveillance system for climate-related infectious diseases, in particular, organizing microbiological monitoring of permafrost soils. Special adaptation plans are needed for indigenous peoples of the Arctic region.

Optimum Working Hours for College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan Fellowship Residents of General Medicine and General Surgery Disciplines.

To determine the optimum working hours per week for CPSP trainees of Fellowship Programmes in the disciplines of General Surgery and General Medicine. Mixed-methods, explanatory study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of General Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, from February to August 2023. The total number of subjects included were 33 residents, 7 supervisors (4 from General Medicine and 3 from Geneneral Surgery), and 3 hospital managers (from private sector), constituting a representative sample. Postgraduate trainees (PGTs) of third-and fourth-year FCPS training programme who showed willingness to participate were included as were all supervisors and hospital managers involved in the training programme. FCPS residents, who were not willing, on leave, and on rotation to other departments were excluded, as were PGTs enrolled in university and other programmes. For quantitative analysis, survey forms were distributed to the selected participants. For qualitative analysis, one-to-one interviews were conducted in-person and through video-link. Data collection procedure included distribution by hand and via email. SPSS was used for the data analysis. All residents recorded that duty stress, fatigue, and burnout resulted in poor quality of family and social life. All the stakeholders were convinced that acquisition of skills, learning outcomes, and patient safety with optimum care is compromised. The duration of emergency calls varied from 30 to 36 hours. There were 19 out of 33 residents (57.5%) who recommended 24 hours of rest after each emergency call. All the supervisors recommended six to eight daily duty hours and 66 to 90 weekly working hours. Four out of seven supervisors (57.1%) suggested emergency duty of 30 hours with post-call rest of 24 hours at every 3rd day. There is a need for a comprehensive approach that caters to the patient care as well as learning outcomes and residents' well-being when devising the duty schedules. Training hours, Fellowship programme, Fatigue, Learning outcomes.

Fluid modeling of CF3I/CO2 arc formation process

The environmentally friendly insulating gas CF3I is a promising replacement for SF6 due to its excellent insulation and arc extinguishing performance. In the arc chamber of high-voltage circuit breakers filled with CF3I/CO2, the near-electrode sheath dominates the current transfer process between contact and arc column during arc formation, which has a significant effect on the transition from glow to arc discharge. The 30%CF3I/70%CO2 was taken as the research object in this research, and a more perfect fluid model was established considering the influence of diffusion current. The arc formation process between the contacts at the preliminary stage of circuit breaker interruption was conducted. The results show that the arc formation process can be divided into three stages: glow discharge, abnormal glow discharge, and arc discharge. As the arc formation process proceeds, the thickness of the near-cathode sheath decreases gradually. When the arc reaches stability with the current density 8×106–1.6×107A·m−2, the thickness of the near-cathode sheath is 7 μm, the steep voltage fall near the cathode sheath is generated within 7 μm away from the cathode surface, and this voltage fall almost does not change with the current density. CF3I− is the dominant negative ion between the contacts, which indicates that CF3I has excellent electron adsorption performance and is beneficial to arc deionization. The computational results of this work were compared with the existing experimental ones, which shows that the model used in this work is accurate enough. Finally, suggestions for model optimization and future work are given.

Determining Safe Working Hours of Wearing Medical Disposable Protective Clothing From Physiological Thermal Limits: A Pilot Study

Despite the mandatory use of medical disposable protective clothing to protect against infectious hazards, how to determine optimal safe working hours induced by physical fatigue while wearing medical disposable protective clothing remains unknown. Driven by these questions, here we quantify the extent of physical fatigue experienced by medical staff wearing medical disposable protective clothings in isolation wards to identify a safe work duration. Eight healthy males were subjected to light (2.1 km/h) and moderate (4.3 km/h) treadmill exercises while wearing two different ensembles. Four physiological (tympanic temperature Tcore, mean skin temperature Tsk, heart rate, and sweat loss) and two subjective indicators (thermal sensation and humidity sensation) were measured. We then introduced a discrete gray model(1,1) to determine safe working hours. The study indicated that even at lower temperatures, prolonged wearing of medical disposable protective clothing could significantly affect physiological indicators such as Tcore and Tsk ( p < 0.001), with Tcore being the predominant factor limiting safe working hours. Regarding medical disposable protective clothing-1-light, medical disposable protective clothing-1-moderate, medical disposable protective clothing-2-light, and medical disposable protective clothing-2-moderate intensity activities, the safe working hours were 6.33, 2.83, 2.83, and 2.25 h. This article presented a new approach to determining safe working hours for wearing medical disposable protective clothing from physiological thermal limits with small sample data. However, this is a preliminary study, and further validation of the prediction model through additional experiments is necessary.

A Cautionary Tale: Malaligned Incentives in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Payment Model Reforms Threaten Promising Innovation and Access to Care

Over the past several years, there have been notable changes and controversies involving Medicare reimbursement for total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We have seen the development and implementation of experimental bundled payment model pilot programs goals of improving quality and decreasing overall costs of care during the last decade. Many orthopaedic surgeons have embraced these programs and have demonstrated the ability to succeed in these new models by implementing strategies, such as preservice optimization, to shift care away from inpatient or postdischarge settings and reduce postoperative complications. However, these achievements have been met with continual reductions in surgeon reimbursement rates, lower bundle payment target pricings, modest increases in hospital reimbursement rates, and inappropriate valuations of THA and TKA Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. These challenges have led to an organized advocacy movement and spurred research involving the methods by which improvements have been made throughout the entire episode of arthroplasty care. Collectively, these efforts have recently led to a novel application of CPT codes recognized by payers to potentially capture presurgical optimization work. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary payment models, summarize notable events involved in the review of THA and TKA CPT codes, review recent changes to THA and TKA reimbursement, and discuss future challenges faced by arthroplasty surgeons that threaten access to high-quality THA and TKA care.

ANALYSIS OF WORK QUALITY ON LOYALTY OF SECURITY PERSONNEL IN ACHIEVING PRODUCTIVITY AT PT. GUNA CIPTA PRIMA

This research aims to analyze the relationship between work quality and the loyalty of security personnel as a key factor in achieving productivity at PT. Prima Gunabuat. Qualitative analysis methods are used to evaluate technical competence, work ethics, and compliance with operational standards as dimensions of work quality. The research results show that high work quality positively influences the loyalty of security personnel. Loyalty of security personnel, reflected in adherence to operational tasks and active participation in achieving the company's vision, was identified as a key factor that increases productivity. Guaranteed security, supported by optimal work quality, creates a work environment that allows full focus on core tasks. In conclusion, investment in developing the work quality of security personnel is necessary to build a strong foundation for continued loyalty, create a positive work environment, and increase overall productivity. This research provides valuable insights for similar companies on optimizing human resource potential to achieve business goals.

Interference Morphology of Free-Growing Tendrils and Application of Self-Locking Structures.

Organisms can adapt to various complex environments by obtaining optimal morphologies. Plant tendrils evolve an extraordinary and stable spiral morphology in the free-growing stage. By combining apical and asymmetrical growth strategies, the tendrils can adjust their morphology to wrap around and grab different supports. This phenomenon of changing tendril morphology through the movement of growth inspires a thoughtful consideration of the laws of growth that underlie it. In this study, tendril growth is modeled based on the Kirchhoff rod theory to obtain the exact morphological equations. Based on this, the movement patterns of the tendrils are investigated under different growth strategies. It is shown that the self-interference phenomenon appears as the tendril grows, allowing it to hold onto its support more firmly. In addition, a finite element model is constructed using continuum media mechanics and following the finite growth theory to simulate tendril growth. The growth morphology and self-interference phenomenon of tendrils are observed visually. Furthermore, an innovative class of fluid elastic actuators is designed to verify the growth phenomena of tendrils, which can realize the wrapping and locking functions. Several experiments are conducted to measure the end output force and the smallest size that can be clamped, and the output efficiency of the elastic actuator and the optimal working pressure are verified. The results presented in this study could reveal the formation law of free tendril spiral morphology and provide an inspiring idea for the programmability and motion control of bionic soft robots, with promising applications in the fields of underwater rescue and underwater picking.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Desain Pekerjaan dan Lingkungan Kerja dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening

This study aims to investigate the relationship between job design, work environment, job satisfaction, and employee performance in an organization. These factors are considered to have an important role in creating optimal working conditions and encouraging employees to achieve high performance. The research method used is a survey with a quantitative approach. The respondents of this study were employees from several organizations in various industrial sectors. Data were collected through questionnaires adapted from instruments that have been tested for reliability. The results of data analysis showed a positive relationship between good job design and employee performance. This suggests that when job duties and responsibilities are clearly organized, employees have a better chance of achieving set performance goals. In addition, the results also show that a good work environment contributes positively to employee performance. Factors such as social support, adequate physical facilities, and a positive organizational culture can increase employee motivation and engagement, which in turn improves their performance. In conclusion, this study provides a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between job design, work environment, job satisfaction, and employee performance. This research is expected to provide guidance and recommendations for management practitioners to implement effective strategies to improve employee performance in their work environment.

Analysis of the Interaction Mechanism between Preharvest Threshing Device and Rice at Harvesting Period Based on DEM Simulations and Bench Tests

Preharvest threshing is a harvesting method that focuses on collecting rice grains while leaving the rice straw unharvested. Investigating the interaction mechanism between the machine and rice during the operation process and its correlation with harvest losses is crucial for enhancing harvest quality. In this study, structural design and operational mechanism analysis of the combs was conducted through theoretical analysis. By extracting the relevant parameters of rice plants, a model of entire-plant rice during the harvesting period was established based on the discrete element method (DEM). Numerical simulation studies were conducted to clarify the interaction mechanism between the machinery and rice at different operating stages and under various operating parameters, as well as the impact of this interaction on operational quality. The simulation results revealed that various operating parameters had a significant impact on the sliding-cut effect between the combs and rice. A higher cylinder rotation speed enhanced the effect, whereas increased forward velocity hampered it. Additionally, the effect initially improved and then decreased with a higher threshing height. In the bench test, high-speed cameras were used to verify and further analyze the comb–rice interaction mechanism and explore the optimal working parameter combination. The results showed that at a rotation speed of 616 r/min, a forward velocity of 0.91 m/s, and a threshing height of 792 mm, the grain loss rate was 1.997%, and the impurity rate was 4.073%. The harvesting losses were effectively reduced, validating the effectiveness of the study on the interaction between the machinery and rice.

Mechanism Analysis and Experimental Verification of Side-Filled Rice Precision Hole Direct Seed-Metering Device Based on MBD-DEM Simulations

In order to solve the problems of poor hole-filling performance and the high seed-breakage rate of conventional rice bud seed precision hole direct seed-metering devices, a side-filled rice precision hole direct seed-metering device was developed, and the mechanism and force analyses for seeding operations were carried out. The key factors affecting seeding quality were determined: rotation speed, seeding angle and seeding height. By coupling the discrete element method (DEM) and multi-rigid body dynamics (MBD), the seed breakage rate and seeding performance at different rotation speeds were analyzed. Single-factor bench testing was used to analyze the effect of a duckbill unit on seeding performance under different factor levels. The three-factor and five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination test methods were used to obtain the optimal working parameter combination. The test results showed that when the rotation speed was 47 r/min, the seeding angle was 19°, and the seeding height was 180 mm, the qualified index of seeding was 92.03%, the hole diameter qualified index was 91.62%, and the hole distance variation index was 7.17%. This study provides a reference for the research of mechanical rice sprouting seed-metering devices.

Field study of an arsenic removal plant for drinking water using activated carbon and iron in a rural community in the province of Pisco, Peru.

The presence of arsenic in Peru is a serious public health problem due to the geographical extension of populations that consume water with arsenic concentrations above the value recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). An arsenic removal plant has been studied in a community of 50 families located in the province of Pisco, Peru, a filter media of activated carbon impregnated with iron (AC-Fe) was applied, the adsorption capacity of the material was studied against As(V) and As(III) species, also, a possible decrease in the adsorption capacity of chloride and sulfate ions. Modifications were made to the plant layout based on filtration columns and workflows. The arsenic level was reduced to levels recommended by the WHO, the plant production was estimated at 9,000 volumes of water bed until reaching its breakpoint. An optimum working flow rate of 1.8 m3 h-1 was found, it was also found that the zeolite column used for suspended solids removal did not contribute to the reduction of arsenic concentration, and the presence of ions did not reduce the arsenic removal capacity.

Modelling and Optimization of a Concentrating PV-Mirror System

The paper presents results on a novel low concentration system for photovoltaic/ hybrid module, its geometric modelling and the optimal working parameters. The low concentration system is build up of a PV module and two mirrors, one on the left side and symmetrically on the right side along the length of the PV module. Our objective is to maximize the received direct radiation of the PV or hybrid module, maintaining an overall geometric size of the system as small as possible with a minimum number of the tracking steps. Two cases were considered: the first case when the reflected solar radiation from each mirror sweeps the whole surface of the PV module increasing by almost 2x the amount of radiation that sweeps the PV-surface; the second case when the reflected light from each mirror partially sweeps the PV-module surface, building together one cover of light on the plane and increasing the amount of radiation that falls on the module surface around 1x. Although the total amount of radiation that falls on the photovoltaic/hybrid module surface in the second case is far less than in the first situation, the overall size of the system is strongly reduced.

Perancangan Alat Press Hidrolik Kapasitas 20 Ton

A press tool is a tool to help shape, bend, cut products from sheet metal (plate) base material which is operated using a press tool. To increase effectiveness and productivity, currently many hydraulic systems are combined with other systems such as electrical/electronic, pneumatic and mechanical systems so that more optimal hydraulic system work can be obtained. This press applies pressing or loading movements using hydraulic power. In order for the pressing process to be even or precise, one cylinder is needed which moves the top plate (Punch). The working load on the single acting cylinder has a maximum capacity of 20 tons. The design of this press tool is designed by following the type and shape of the selected material sample. The design of this press tool aims to make the user's work easier to get more precise press results. The material used is profile steel. Simulation results on the press frame: frame length 400 mm, frame width 600 mm, frame height 850 mm, frame strength 16407 N/m2

A PSO-based energy-efficient data collection optimization algorithm for UAV mission planning.

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the use of UAV-based data collection systems has become a very popular research topic. This paper focuses on the energy consumption problem of this system. Genetic algorithms and swarm algorithms are effective approaches for solving this problem. However, optimizing UAV energy consumption remains a challenging task due to the inherent characteristics of these algorithms, which make it difficult to achieve the optimum solution. In this paper, a novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm called Double Self-Limiting PSO (DSLPSO) is proposed to minimize the energy consumption of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). DSLPSO refers to the operational principle of PSO and incorporates two new mechanisms. The first mechanism is to restrict the particle movement, improving the local search capability of the algorithm. The second mechanism dynamically adjusts the search range, which improves the algorithm's global search capability. DSLPSO employs a variable population strategy that treats the entire population as a single mission plan for the UAV and dynamically adjusts the number of stopping points. In addition, the proposed algorithm was also simulated using public and random datasets. The effectiveness of the proposed DSLPSO and the two new mechanisms has been verified through experiments. The DSLPSO algorithm can effectively improve the lifetime of the UAV, and the two newly proposed mechanisms have potential for optimization work.

Analysis of the cycle arrangement of a binary geothermal power plant using a low- and medium-temperature source

The cycle arrangement of a binary-type GeoPP using a thermal energy source with a temperature of 80 ÷ 150 °C was considered; its elements and structural connections were substantiated. A method was proposed, numerical studies were carried out to find optimal working bodies for the ORC and parameters for the operation of GeoPP in nominal and variable modes. The greatest efficiency and power in the considered modes belongs to the GeoPP operating by the ORC on the R141b freon. Since this freon is prohibited for use as having an ozone-depleting chemical structure, R245fa was selected among the ozone-safe freons considered, for which the electrical power and absolute electrical efficiency of the GeoPP have the best values at a source temperature of 80 ÷ 120 °C. R245ca and R365mfc are the most effective freons for the ORC of GeoPPs at > 120 °C.

Graphene as basis of biological sensors for determining markers of neurodegenerative dementia

Objective. To develop technique immobilizing antibodies graphene surface of proteins that play a significant role in pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease.Materials and methods. Graphene films were obtained sublimation surface of SiC substrates. Presence graphene monolayer was confirmed spectroscopy spectra. Graphene surface quality was evaluated cyclic voltammetry. Functionalization by amino groups was carried out method based on sorption pyrene derivatives from a solution and phenylnitrogroups electrochemical method. Graphene was kept in solutions monoclonal antibodies to human beta-amyloid peptide 1–42. Preparations were also kept in solution secondary antibodies labeled with FITZ. Results were evaluated fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, samples were kept in solution antibody with peroxidase label, which was detected chemiluminescence.Results. For attachment specific antibodies surface of graphene, quality its surface is great importance. Optimal working concentration of antibodies of human beta-amyloid 1–42 in solution for subsequent manufacture biological sensors is 15 micrograms per 1 ml. Covalent crosslinking antibodies with glutaraldehyde with amino groups on graphene gives a slight gain in the level fluorescence compared with noncovalent sorption on graphene with nitro groups. Functionalization phenylnitrogroups is optimal for further work related to the identification specific antigens.Conclusions. The technique of immobilization on the graphene surface of specific antibodies to beta-amyloid in concentrations detected by fluorescence microscopy and chemiluminescence is investigated. Amount antibodies sufficient to create a biosensor is immobilized on graphene. It was found that functionalization of phenylnitrogroups allows creating optimal conditions for the attachment of antibodies to the graphene surface, as well as washing resulting antibody-antigenic complexes for further reuse of graphene biosensors.

Environmental and exergoeconomic analysis of a low-carbon polygeneration process based on biomass energy, a geothermal source and a high-temperature fuel cell

Abstract By combining renewable energy resources, we can expect higher efficiency from energy systems, which in turn can facilitate their commercialization. In addition, fuel cells are among the clean devices that provide superior performance with zero environmental pollution. Fuel cells can improve the stability of the energy conversion system by storing energy. This paper introduces and analyzes a polygeneration system driven by a biomass fuel and a geothermal source. The system consists of a high-temperature fuel cell coupled with a gasification cycle. In addition, a triple-flash geothermal cycle, a refrigeration unit, and a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer are used in the bottoming cycle. Accordingly, power, hydrogen, and cooling and heating capacities are considered as products of the system. Energy, exergy, environmental and economic analyses have been applied to evaluate the system. Besides that, the optimal working conditions of the system based on two decision-making methods have been identified. According to the findings, the outputs of power and hydrogen from the polygeneration system were equal to 3880.8 kW and 0.356 kg/h. Also, cooling and heating capacities of 2168.1 and 1534.5 kW can be obtained. Accordingly, the system will be 33.16% and 60.39% efficient in terms of energy and exergy. Further, the total emitted CO2 and product unit cost are 57.75 kg/GJ and 5.802$/GJ. According to the TOPSIS decision-making method, more optimal environmental and cost findings can be achieved than using the LINMAP method.

Hot deformation behavior and hot working window of a solid solution strengthened Ni–Cr–Fe-based superalloy

The hot deformation behavior of Ni–Cr–Fe-based ChS57 alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C with strain rates covering 0.001–10 s−1. Based upon the hyperbolic sine function and dynamic material model, the constitutive model and processing maps of the alloy were established, the microstructure evolution was systematically analyzed and the optimization of the hot working window was completed. The results indicate that the flow stress increases remarkably with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, while the amount of strain required to reach peak stress also gradually increases. The hot deformation process of this alloy is the result of the competition between dynamic softening and work hardening, with a deformation activation energy of 451.34 kJ/mol; dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is the main softening mechanism, while both continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) exist; the low temperatures and medium strain rates (1000–1025 °C, 0.045–0.37s−1) are the instability zone parameters of the alloy when flow localization and deformation bands are the microstructural manifestations of unstable hot working. The optimum hot working window for ChS57 alloy is the medium-low temperatures and low strain rates（1050–1100 °C, 0.001–0.003s−1）and the medium-high temperatures and high rates（1125–1175 °C, 1-10s−1 or 1100 °C/10s−1）, where the microstructure appears as randomly oriented and uniformly distributed full DRX grains.

Experimental research on the cooling effect of a novel two-phase closed thermosyphon with semiconductor refrigeration in permafrost regions

Hybrid two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) artificial ground freezing technique is an effective cooling strategy adaptable to different geological and meteorological conditions in permafrost regions. Previous studies have focused on the feasibility of hybrid TPCT with little attention given to the cooling characteristics and long-term effects of this technique under actual environmental conditions. In this study, a novel structured semiconductor refrigeration device, with simple structure, small size, and wide operating temperature range, was designed and manufactured to act as the active condenser of a hybrid TPCT, and the cooling effect of this device was investigated during a two-year field test under stable power supply. This study showed that: 1) The minimum (maximum) average temperature of the semiconductor refrigeration two-phase closed thermosyphon (SRTPCT) evaporator was 0.5 (2.1) °C lower than the TPCT evaporator. The average ground temperature decreased by 0.3 °C, and the permafrost table rose to 0.2 m at 1 m from the evaporators around SRTPCT. The semiconductor refrigeration device added more than 9.75 MJ of cold storage to the soil around the TPCT evaporator during an operating cycle. 2) The optimal working period for the semiconductor refrigeration device was from June to October, and the cooling effect was better when the ambient temperature was low in the warm season. 3) As active condenser of hybrid TPCT in permafrost regions, semiconductor refrigeration device has a larger heat transfer power enhancement for TPCTs than vapor compression refrigeration device in the warm season, and vice versa in the cold season, as well as a higher heat transfer power enhancement for TPCTs than adsorption refrigeration device. The results of this study provide relevant parameters and references for the design and engineering application of future SRTPCT.

Co-simulation for optimal working parameter selection during soil vibratory compaction process

The working parameters of vibratory rollers have an important effect on the compaction quality. The traditional method of obtaining the best working parameters through field tests is time-consuming and laborious. In order to determine the best working parameters more conveniently and accurately, a mechanical-hydraulic-finite element co-simulation method is proposed in this paper. This method considers the effect of the hydraulic system on vibration compaction and makes the simulation result as close to the actual condition as possible. By analyzing the change of soil stress and settlement, the effect regulation of working parameters on compaction quality is obtained. The results show that the proposed co-simulation method can accurately reflect the real conditions, and the best compaction quality can be achieved when the walking speed is 3 km/h, the vibration frequency is 24 Hz, and the amplitude is 2.5 mm. The research provides a reference for improving the compaction quality and compacting-related simulation.