Optimal Realization Research Articles

Competence and advice

AbstractWe develop a theory of policy advice that focuses on the relationship between the competence of the advisor (e.g., an expert bureaucracy) and the quality of advice that the leader may expect. We describe important tensions between these features present in a wide class of substantively important circumstances. These tensions point to the presence of a trade‐off between receiving advice more often and receiving more informative advice. The optimal realization of this trade‐off for the leader sometimes induces her to prefer advisors of limited competence—a preference that, we show, is robust under different informational assumptions. We consider how institutional tools available to leaders affect preferences for advisor competence and the quality of advice they may expect to receive in equilibrium.

NK model simulation study of intelligent manufacturing transformation path selection in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises

Under the wave of Industry 4.0, traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises are in urgent need of intelligent manufacturing transformation and upgrading, and exploring the optimal realization path of intelligent manufacturing transformation can help accelerate the transformation process of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. This paper uses grounded theory research methods to conduct a multi-case study to summarize six influencing factors of the intelligent manufacturing transformation of Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises; and then analyzes the correlation between the intelligent manufacturing influencing factors based on the DEMATEL method and the NK model, and identifies the key influencing factors according to this, and then draws the fitness landscape map of the intelligent manufacturing transformation, and finally arrives at the optimal path selection of the intelligent manufacturing transformation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. The study enriches and extends the research paradigm of intelligent manufacturing transformation, and provides lessons for pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises to realize intelligent manufacturing transformation and upgrading.

A new human metabolic rate sensing model optimization and wearable sensor realization

Accurate assessment of metabolic rate is crucial for predicting human thermal comfort. However, many existing instruments are bulky, invasive, and inconvenient. Additionally, wearable metabolic rate measurements have faced long-standing challenges due to a lack of a comprehensive theoretical model with easy-to-measure parameters. This paper optimizes our previously proposed theoretical approach for wearable metabolic rate measurement that incorporates heart rate, whole-body unit heat loss, skin resistance, and body muscle percentage. We have improved the evaluation approach for whole-body unit heat loss by introducing a newly designed convective heat loss coefficient from various body segments. Regarding the wearable sensor design, a heat loss measuring system with serpentine channel was verified as the most suitable design following calibration experiments. We also integrated a modified square-wave-based skin resistance design, resulting in an upgraded integrated metabolic sensor. To validate our sensor and model performance, we conducted experiments with ten subjects of both genders at three temperature conditions (22, 25 and 28 °C) and four levels of activities (rest, tiptoe heel, slight walk, and moderate walk). First, our results demonstrate a strong positive relationship between the metabolic rate obtained by our optimized sensor and Quark CPET instrument, with high coefficients of determination (highest:0.97 from the male group, 0.98 from the female group). Our approach achieved at least 96 % accuracy and less than 2.5 % uncertainty for both groups. Second and increasingly, we found that only one metabolic rate model was required across combined temperature conditions when the person was fixed. Third, the positive relationship was further improved by incorporating whole-body unit heat loss. Finally, we obtained information from different segments on skin temperatures. In summary, our study provides a powerful methodology for predicting and evaluating human metabolic rate through an innovative wearable approach. Our approach and sensor have the potential to substantially contribute to energy-saving efforts in smart buildings.

Towards Carbon Footprint Management in Hybrid Multicloud

Enterprises today aspire to optimize the operating costs and carbon footprint (CFP) of their IT operations jointly without compromising their business imperatives. This has given rise to a hybrid approach in which enterprises retain the dynamic choice to leverage private data centers and one or more public clouds in conjunction. While cloud service providers (CSPs) have long provided APIs for estimating, reconciling, and optimizing operating costs, they have only recently started exposing APIs related to CFP. Indeed, this is a step in the right direction. Nevertheless, our analyses of these APIs reveals many gaps that need to be addressed to facilitate sizing and placement decisions that can factor in carbon. First, there is a lack of standardized, transparent methodology for CFP quantification across different CSPs. Second, the coarse granularity of the CFP data provided today can help with post-facto reporting but is not suitable for proactive fine-grained optimization. Last, enterprises themselves are unable to independently compute the current CFP or estimate potential CFP savings since CSPs do not share the required power usage data. To address these gaps, enterprises have started developing their own carbon assessment methodologies and tools to estimate the CFP of workloads running on public clouds using the available user-facing APIs. These systems hold the promise for an independent and unbiased evaluation and estimation of relative savings between different deployment options by cloud users. We describe and analyze the details of CSP-native carbon-reporting tools and their quantification methodology, and the "outside-of-the-cloud" estimation approaches. Finally, we present opportunities for future research in the direction of trustworthy, fine-grained, public cloud workload CFP estimation, which is a prerequisite for meaningful realization of carbon optimization.

Characterization and properties of phenolic resin doped modified lignin

Phenolic resins occupy an important position in industrial applications, but phenol, one of the raw materials for synthesis, is a non-renewable resource. Lignin, as a natural polymer containing phenolic hydroxyl groups, alcohol hydroxyl groups and other reactive groups, can replace some of the phenol in the synthesis of phenolic resins, which can reduce the amount of phenol, thus reducing the cost of phenolic resins, while effectively promoting the high value-added use of renewable biomass resources. Due to its low reactivity, alkaline lignin is usually discharged as production waste, unaware that lignin macromolecules can be modified. In this paper, the phenolic monomers were obtained by acid-catalyzed depolymerization of DES (choline chloride/p-toluenesulfonic acid or choline chloride/lactic acid) from waste alkaline lignin, and the recovery rate of the DES solution during the catalytic treatment was more than 85 %, in which the main monomer was 2-methoxy-4-(1-propyl) phenol. The degradation of alkaline lignin is still favorable after five times of DES solvent recovery. The depolymerized lignin monomer replaced phenol by 50 wt% and then ternary co-polymerized with phenol and formaldehyde to form a biomass phenol-based phenolic resin, providing a green route for phenolic resin production. The cost of resin preparation was economically calculated, and it was found that the cost of resin after accumulating 4 cycles of DES treatment was only 51.1 % of that of pure phenolic resin. The density functional theory (DFT) was used to simulate the possible radical reactions in the intermediate process of phenolic resin reaction, to explore the microscopic mechanism and competition, to provide theoretical reference for further experimental realization of resin structure control and optimization, and to improve the theoretical system of resin synthesis.

Coherent photosynthetic activity between deciduous arboreal trees.

The long-term time course of photosynthetic activity in arboreal trees of aspen Populus tremula L. and birch Betula pendula Roth species native for Kola Subarctic was observed through 2014–2017 yr vegetation seasons in terms of PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulated) foliage chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in situ. The temporal pair- wise correlation chlorophyll fluorescence pattern between any leaf blades couple for the whole any single crone as well as for proximate tree crones was found. The abrupt temperature drops and other environmental changes promote transition to blades coherence, the most synchronicity between trees was observed in 2014th fall. The global synchronization between any leaf couple was often preceded by transition of the foliar blades photosynthetic activity in common coherent quasi-cyclic rhythm. It is suggested that mutual crone’s intra and inter temporal organization and cooperative assimilation promote resistance and optimal realization of adaptive species potential.

Strategic Management Practices and Organisational Performance in Akwa Ibom State Civil Service

The study centered on strategic management practices and organisational performance in Akwa Ibom State Civil Service Commission. The survey research design was used in the study. Two objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated for the study. The population of the study was 886 staff of the studied ministries, while the sample size was 276. A proportional and simple random sampling technique was applied in the study. Using simple linear regression analysis, results from the analysis showed that strategic planning has a positive and significant influence on the performance of Akwa Ibom State Civil Service Commission (R2 = 0.685, < P.0.000) and strategic choice has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Akwa Ibom State Civil Service Commission (R2 = 0.793, < P.0.000). It was concluded that strategic management process has a significant and positive effect on the performance of Akwa Ibom State Civil Service Commission. It was recommended that the strategic planning process in the studied ministries should be improved through adequate resource allocation as this will improve the performance of the organisation, and strategic choices should be made based on the prevailing economic developments to ensure optimal realisation of corporate goals.

Structural Properties of the Wyner-Ziv Rate Distortion Function: Applications for Multivariate Gaussian Sources.

The main focus of this paper is the derivation of the structural properties of the test channels of Wyner's operational information rate distortion function (RDF), R¯(ΔX), for arbitrary abstract sources and, subsequently, the derivation of additional properties for a tuple of multivariate correlated, jointly independent, and identically distributed Gaussian random variables, {Xt,Yt}t=1∞, Xt:Ω→Rnx, Yt:Ω→Rny, with average mean-square error at the decoder and the side information, {Yt}t=1∞, available only at the decoder. For the tuple of multivariate correlated Gaussian sources, we construct optimal test channel realizations which achieve the informational RDF, R¯(ΔX)=▵infM(ΔX)I(X;Z|Y), where M(ΔX) is the set of auxiliary RVs Z such that PZ|X,Y=PZ|X, X^=f(Y,Z), and E{||X-X^||2}≤ΔX. We show the following fundamental structural properties: (1) Optimal test channel realizations that achieve the RDF and satisfy conditional independence, PX|X^,Y,Z=PX|X^,Y=PX|X^,EX|X^,Y,Z=EX|X^=X^. (2) Similarly, for the conditional RDF, RX|Y(ΔX), when the side information is available to both the encoder and the decoder, we show the equality R¯(ΔX)=RX|Y(ΔX). (3) We derive the water-filling solution for RX|Y(ΔX).

Formulation effect on combustion and agglomeration characteristics in nitramine solid propellants

The formulation fundamentally determines the combustion characteristics and agglomeration behavior of propellants. This study compared the effects of four factors on the combustion, agglomeration, and combustion efficiency of nitramine solid propellants: the aluminum size, the ammonium perchlorate size, the nitramine size, and the mass ratio of ammonium perchlorate to nitramine. The comparison was conducted through a series of experimental methods including burning rate tests, collection of the condensed-phase combustion products, chemical titration, and physicochemical analysis. In terms of burning rate, reducing the particle sizes of aluminum powder and ammonium perchlorate, increasing the nitramine size, and increasing the mass ratio of ammonium perchlorate to nitramine all effectively enhance the burning rate. The influence of these four factors on burning rate, in descending order of impact, is: the mass ratio of ammonium perchlorate to nitramine > the ammonium perchlorate size > the aluminum size > the nitramine size. Regarding agglomeration and combustion efficiency, increasing the particle sizes of aluminum and nitramine, increasing the mass ratio of ammonium perchlorate to nitramine, and decreasing the ammonium perchlorate size can effectively inhibit agglomeration and enhance combustion efficiency. Among these, the ammonium perchlorate size has the greatest effect on enhancing the combustion efficiency, potentially increasing it by 16%. The nitramine size has the weakest impact on combustion efficiency, with a potential increase of 5.5%. The experimental results of this study can provide references for a deeper understanding of the combustion mechanisms of nitramine solid propellants, the establishment of combustion models, and the realization of formula optimization.

A mechanism for upgrading the global value chain of China's wood industries based on sustainable green growth

With climate change and increasingly fierce international trade competition, upgrading the global value chains (GVCs) under the sustainable development mode is becoming a key transformation for China's wood industry. This study applies system dynamics theory to build a model of upgrading and evolution of the GVC of the wood industry based on sustainable green growth and uses Vensim PLE software for system simulation. The results demonstrate that (1) under the framework of sustainable green growth, the optimization of industry structure and security of resource supply play an important role in promoting the position of the GVC. (2) improving technological innovation capacity, plantation forest stock, carbon emission reduction intensity, and wage growth is essential to upgrade the wood industry's position in the GVC. (3) different policy implementations have different impacts on the coupled and coordinated development of the system, and implementing innovation-driven policies is the optimal realization path to promote the synergistic upgrading of the GVC. The findings enrich the holistic and systematic study of the evolution of GVC upgrading in traditional manufacturing industries and provide a fresh perspective for assisting the wood industry in realizing GVC upgrading under a sustainable green growth model.

Main Obstacles to the Development of International Tourism and Ways to Solution Them in RA

The contemporary challenges in the global economy, coupled with the current socio-economic landscape in Armenia, underscore the critical need to enhance the competitiveness of the country's economy. In this context, the promotion of international tourism emerges as a pivotal element in bolstering Armenia's economic competitiveness. Historically, tourism was a rapidly advancing and promising sector in Armenia until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its potential, the development of international tourism in Armenia faces a spectrum of challenges and opportunities. Over the years, both objective and subjective factors have impeded the growth of the tourism sector and its global integration. Conversely, Armenia boasts a wealth of assets, including a profound historical and cultural heritage, diverse geographical terrain, a rich natural environment, strategic transit capabilities connecting west-east and south-north directions, a unique culture, and various other elements that position it as a country with immense tourism potential. The primary objective of this article is to pinpoint the key impediments thwarting the progress of international tourism in Armenia while concurrently highlighting the opportunities that can propel the industry forward. By discerning these factors, stakeholders can strategically address challenges and leverage the inherent advantages, paving the way for the optimal realization of Armenia's tourism potential.

Optimal Realization of Yang–Baxter Gate on Quantum Computers

AbstractQuantum computers provide a promising method to study the dynamics of many‐body systems beyond classical simulation. On the other hand, the analytical methods developed and results obtained from the integrable systems provide deep insights on the many‐body system. Quantum simulation of the integrable system not only provides a valid benchmark for quantum computers but is also the first step in studying integrable‐breaking systems. The building block for the simulation of an integrable system is the Yang–Baxter gate. It is vital to know how to optimally realize the Yang–Baxter gates on quantum computers. Based on the geometric picture of the Yang–Baxter gates, the optimal realizations of two types of Yang–Baxter gates with a minimal number of controlled NOT (CNOT) or gates are presented. It is also shown how to systematically realize the Yang–Baxter gates via the pulse control. The different realizations on IBM quantum computers are tested and compared. It is found that the pulse realizations of the Yang–Baxter gates always have a higher gate fidelity compared to the optimal CNOT or realizations. On the basis of the above optimal realizations, the simulation of the Yang–Baxter equation on quantum computers is demonstrated. These results provide a guideline and standard for further experimental studies based on the Yang–Baxter gate.

POLICY ON LONG-TERM REFINANCING OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

Introduction. Safe functioning of the commercial banks (CB) is mainly impacted by the justified, effective and clear policy of the central banks on refinancing of the commercial banks. While current refinancing supports current liquidity of the commercial banks and their ability to meet the economic standards, the long-term refinancing supports the macroeconomic and financial stability in the country and the development of the instruments of the investment refinancing of the central bank, the increase of the volume of the loans provided by the CB to the real sector of the economy and its structural reconstruction, supports export oriented industries and small and medium business, cooperation with the governments on refinancing of the important investment projects, and the increase of the financial mediation institute effectiveness. The purpose of the article is to determine the substance, types, factors and the features of the realization of the policy on long-term refinancing of the commercial banks by National Bank of Ukraine (NBU). Results. The substance of the long-term refinancing policy of the commercial banks, its types, stages and problems of development as well as the potential ways of its optimal realization are highlighted. Conclusions. The development of the justified policy on long-term refinancing of the commercial banks by NBU and ensuring of the effectiveness of its realization can be done by the optimal execution by the regulator of the role of the last instance creditor. Referring to the above the considered provisions and recommendations need in-depth research.

Development of the TOD.id Mobile App

The rise of large cities worldwide has spurred the emergence of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as an urban planning concept. Indonesia, including Jakarta, has begun implementing TOD strategies. To facilitate TOD in Indonesia, this study proposes a conceptual mobile app, TOD.id, informed by preliminary research. It introduces a novel tax approach, Land Value Capture (LVC) tax, to address funding challenges, which account for up to 53.8% of the problem. However, TOD.id remains in a developmental phase, with all features in the conceptual stage, making it unsuitable for immediate market launch. During this stage, this research aims to enhance the TOD.id mobile app by refining existing features and exploring potential new functionalities, which will be based by literature review and benchmarking against similar existing apps in Indonesia. The study employs a desk study method, a qualitative benchmark study method, and the collection of qualitative data. The outcomes of this research are expected to pave the way for the optimal realization of TOD.id in the Indonesian market, aligning with the projections from previous studies.

Realization of Vitality Optimization in Traditional Village Human Settlement Environment Supported by Intelligent Sensor Technology

The vitality of traditional villages (VTV) is a reference indicator for measuring the hollowing out of traditional villages. Human settlements in the world are based on the access and availability to the chief vitality factors of the geographical region. The traditional villages of China are the potential candidates for improving vitality optimization, as their development is still in the stage of infancy. This work proposes a framework that integrates complex subsystems of the traditional village human settlements with the vitality factors. The issues in these traditional villages are analyzed under the umbrella of social life, domestic life and agriculture, which is the primary occupation of people in traditional villages. Further, the work identifies the contemporary computing technologies and communication technologies used in various applications of intelligent sensor technology. This work associates the various subsystems of the villages, namely strategic, social, economic, resource and environment subsystem, and information subsystem, with the factors influencing dimensions of development, namely resources, service chain, sustainability, technology and institution. This framework can be further extended to include more elements of vitality factors.

Autonomous-Vehicle Intersection Control Method Based on an Interlocking Block

Non-signalized intersections have only ever been suitable for low traffic flow; however, with the development of autonomous driving technology and new control methods, the operation efficiency of this kind of intersection may be improved. In view of the shortcomings of existing non-signalized intersection control methods in multilane situations and inspired by railway trains, an interlocking-block intersection control model is proposed. In this study, vehicles between parallel lanes are combined into a few combos, and the combo shape can be determined according to a pairing model and the interlocking angle range, and the gaps between the front and rear vehicles are simulated as blocks in a railway system, which are added into the intersection control model as virtual blocked cars (VBCs) for optimization. In setting the optimization objectives, the connotation and realization of fairness are discussed. Experimental results show that compared with signalized intersections, roundabouts, and non-signalized intersections without control, the interlocking-block intersection control model greatly reduces vehicle delay. Compared with an existing model, the calculation speed in a multilane situation has been greatly improved, while the vehicle delay is similar.

Measuring the Policy of Public Information Disclosure to Adapt Climate Change in Indonesia

Marginal groups, such as local communities living near forests, expansive coastal areas, and women with limited access to water and energy, are the most vulnerable to climate change. Numerous things can be done to overcome that issue, one of which is by openly distributing information regarding climate change adaptation action plans. This study proposes to elucidate that the NDC document serves as public information and to describe the interrelation between Public Information Disclosure and the optimal realization of Indonesia’s climate change action goals. This qualitative study was a doctrinal legal research and employed a statute and conceptual approaches. The findings demonstrate that the NDC document qualifies as public information, necessitating its continuous disclosure and accessibility. The transparency of public information regarding climate change is crucial for achieving climate justice and facilitating climate change adaptation.

Numerical methods for rectangular multiparameter eigenvalue problems, with applications to finding optimal ARMA and LTI models

AbstractStandard multiparameter eigenvalue problems (MEPs) are systems of linear ‐parameter square matrix pencils. Recently, a new form of multiparameter eigenvalue problems has emerged: a rectangular MEP (RMEP) with only one multivariate rectangular matrix pencil, where we are looking for combinations of the parameters for which the rank of the pencil is not full. Applications include finding the optimal least squares autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model and the optimal least squares realization of autonomous linear time‐invariant (LTI) dynamical system. For linear and polynomial RMEPs, we give the number of solutions and show how these problems can be solved numerically by a transformation into a standard MEP. For the transformation we provide new linearizations for quadratic multivariate matrix polynomials with a specific structure of monomials and consider mixed systems of rectangular and square multivariate matrix polynomials. This numerical approach seems computationally considerably more attractive than the block Macaulay method, the only other currently available numerical method for polynomial RMEPs.

НРАВСТВЕННО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КЛИМАТ КОЛЛЕКТИВА КАК ОСНОВНОЙ СТЕРЖЕНЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ

This article examines the moral and psychological climate of the team as one of the most important elements of organizational psychology. The essence of the concept of moral and psychological climate is clarified, the problems of organizational culture are revealed. It is emphasized that the moral and psychological climate in the work collective combines the interaction of all factors of intra-collective life: the attitude of team members to their professional duties, horizontal and vertical relations in the work collective, as well as the well-being and psychological expectations of all team members, the activities of managers and the style of organizational psychology. The effectiveness of organizational activities depends not only on the optimal realization of the capabilities of individual individuals, but also on the moral and psychological characteristics of the team itself.

Inverse-designed silicon carbide quantum and nonlinear photonics

Inverse design has revolutionized the field of photonics, enabling automated development of complex structures and geometries with unique functionalities unmatched by classical design. However, the use of inverse design in nonlinear photonics has been limited. In this work, we demonstrate quantum and classical nonlinear light generation in silicon carbide nanophotonic inverse-designed Fabry-Pérot cavities. We achieve ultra-low reflector losses while targeting a pre-specified anomalous dispersion to reach optical parametric oscillation. By controlling dispersion through inverse design, we target a second-order phase-matching condition to realize second- and third-order nonlinear light generation in our devices, thereby extending stimulated parametric processes into the visible spectrum. This first realization of computational optimization for nonlinear light generation highlights the power of inverse design for nonlinear optics, in particular when combined with highly nonlinear materials such as silicon carbide.