Optimal Option Research Articles

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОТОКОЛОВ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

In this article, the subject of study is a list of unified procedures, the consistent implementation of which will ensure the achievement of the goal of sustainable economic development of both industries and territories based on innovative production concentration protocols. The purpose of the study is to determine the conceptual foundations of sustainable economic development of territories and optimal innovative options for economic development. The development of concretizing tools and the identification of the technological essence and phasing based on innovative production concentration protocols is an urgent task. The multicomponence of the provisions of the concepts of sustainable economic development of territories based on innovative production concentration protocols lies in the sectoral approach to innovative scaling of the economy, the need to develop an assessment of regional potential in the concept of innovative scaling of the economy to ensure its sustainable development, the development of adequate directions for stimulating innovative development acceptable to any subject of the Federation, the introduction of the resulting block into its structure, including the definition of the expected effects from the implementation of the concept, with the separation of these effects by initiators of innovative scaling. Also in this article, in order to identify the foundations of sustainable economic development and identify the optimal options for their congruence, the structure and content of the concept of sustainable economic development of territories based on innovative production concentration protocols are developed; the logic of developing the concept of sustainable economic development of territories is revealed.

Intraoperative Doppler flowmetry evaluation of humeral head perfusion after proximal humerus fracture

Understanding vascularity and assessing the risk of post-traumatic avascular necrosis are crucial for predicting outcomes and identifying optimal treatment options in proximal humerus fractures (PHFs). Until now, Hertel etal have been the only researchers to evaluate the intraoperative perfusion of the humeral head after fracture using Doppler flowmetry in a central single drill hole within the head. This pilot study aims to standardize the evaluation of intraoperative perfusion measurements in different areas of the humeral head in patients with PHF. In this prospective pilot study, intraoperative semiquantitative Doppler perfusion measurements were conducted during plate osteosynthesis for PHF treatment in our institution between July 2021 and May 2022. The fracture morphology was classified radiologically according to Resch's criteria. Quality of reduction was determined postoperatively to be either anatomical, minor malreduced, or major malreduced according to Peters etal in conventional and computed tomography examinations. Medial hinge integrity and medial metaphyseal extension were assessed radiographically according to Hertel etal. Intraoperatively, after drilling screw holes through the plate, a Doppler probe was inserted through all nine drill holes on the humeral head and at least one on the humeral shaft to successively measure the presence of a pulse to indicate if perfusion is present. A total of ten patients (mean age 59 years, range, 36-83) with a humeral head fracture (2× 2GL, 3× 3G, 2× 4G, 2× 4GL, 1× 5aG according to Resch) were included. Nine of the ten patients showed a pulse signal on the humeral shaft. Overall, pulse-synchronous perfusion was detected using Doppler sonography in at least one hole in the humeral head of all patients. In patients with an intact medial hinge (N=6), pulse-synchronous perfusion could be measured in almost twice as many humeral head holes on average (5.7 vs. 3.0 drill holes) compared to patients with a dislocated medial hinge (N=4). In patients with metaphyseal extension (N=3), pulse-synchronous perfusion was measured in an average of 6.7 humeral head holes compared to 3.7 holes in patients without metaphyseal extension (N=7). Semiquantitative, intraoperative Doppler flowmetry offers a noninvasive and rapid assessment of humeral perfusion which allows an understanding of humeral head perfusion, when used in a standardized fashion to measure flow in different areas of the humeral head.

CFD modeling for predicting imperfections in laser welding and additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys

Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in various applications including e-mobility applications due to their lightweight nature, high corrosion resistance, good electrical conductivity, and excellent processability such as extrusion and forming. However, aluminum and its alloys are difficult to process with a laser beam due to their high thermal conductivity and reflectivity. In this article, the two most used laser processes, i.e., laser welding and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing, for processing of aluminum have been studied. There are many common laser-material interaction mechanisms and challenges between the two processes. Deep keyhole mode is a preferred method for welding due to improved productivity, while a heat conduction mode is preferred in LPBF aiming for zero-defect parts. In LPBF, the processing maps are highly desirable to be constructed, which shows the transition zone. Presented numerical modeling provides a more in-depth understanding of porosity formation, and different laser beam movement paths have been tested including circular oscillation paths. High accuracy processing maps can be constructed for LPBF that allows us to minimize tedious and time-consuming experiments. As a result, a modeling framework is a highly viable option for the cost-efficient optimization of process parameters.

How Many Monte Carlo Samples are Needed for Probabilistic Cost-Effectiveness Analyses?

ObjectivesProbabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) is conducted to account for the uncertainty in cost and effect of decision options under consideration. PSA involves obtaining a large sample of input parameter values (N) to estimate the expected cost and effect of each alternative in the presence of parameter uncertainty. When the analysis involves using stochastic models (eg, individual-level models), the model is further replicated P times for each sampled parameter set. We study how N and P should be determined. MethodsWe show that PSA could be structured such that P can be an arbitrary number (say, P=1). To determine N, we derive a formula based on Chebyshev’s inequality such that the error in estimating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of alternatives (or equivalently, the willingness-to-pay value at which the optimal decision option changes) is within a desired level of accuracy. We described 2 methods to confirm, visually and quantitatively, that the N informed by this method results in ICER estimates within the specified level of accuracy. ResultsWhen N is arbitrarily selected, the estimated ICERs could be substantially different from the true ICER (even as P increases), which could lead to misleading conclusions. Using a simple resource allocation model, we demonstrate that the proposed approach can minimize the potential for this error. ConclusionsThe number of parameter samples in probabilistic cost-effectiveness analyses should not be arbitrarily selected. We describe 3 methods to ensure that enough parameter samples are used in probabilistic cost-effectiveness analyses.

Fusion Challenges in Solid Tumors: Shaping the Landscape of Cancer Care in Precision Medicine.

Targeting actionable fusions has emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatment. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based techniques have unveiled the landscape of actionable fusions in cancer. However, these approaches remain insufficient to provide optimal treatment options for patients with cancer. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the actionability and clinical development of targeted agents aimed at driver fusions. It also highlights the challenges associated with fusion testing, including the evaluation of patients with cancer who could potentially benefit from testing and devising an effective strategy. The implementation of DNA NGS for all tumor types, combined with RNA sequencing, has the potential to maximize detection while considering cost effectiveness. Herein, we also present a fusion testing strategy aimed at improving outcomes in patients with cancer.

Health Care Discrimination and Immigration Fears: Unpacking COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Latino Adults.

Objectives. To examine the relationship between health care discrimination and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy attributed to fears of immigration status complications among unvaccinated Latino adults and to determine whether the association differs among immigrants and US-born individuals. Methods. After universal adult eligibility for the COVID-19 vaccine, a nationally representative sample of 12 887 adults was surveyed using online and mobile random digit dialing from May 7 to June 7, 2021. The analytic sample (n = 881) comprised unvaccinated Latino adults. We examined the association between individual and cumulative health care discrimination measures and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy assignable to immigration-related fears. Results. Using a cumulative measure of health care discrimination, each additional experience corresponded to a 28% higher odds of reporting vaccine hesitancy Because of immigration-related fears. Findings were consistent across US-born and immigrant Latino adults. Four of the 5 discriminatory experiences were positively associated with vaccine hesitancy, including the absence of optimal treatment options, denial or delayed access to necessary health care, physician communication barriers, and lack of specialist referrals. Conclusions. Findings confirm a positive association between health care discrimination and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy attributable to immigration-related fears among Latino adults, regardless of immigration status. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S6):S505-S509. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307668) [Formula: see text].

Remote Family Communication as Discounted Compensation: Mobile Use and Psychological Well-Being Among Internal Older Migrants Within China

Among the growing floating population in China, many older people—who migrate along with their adult children to provide family support—have formed a specific social group: lao-piao-zu. This group of older migrants is a population with particular experiences and challenges, which merits more scholarly attention to their well-being. The study first presents a three-dimensional conceptual framework for understanding multimodal mobile phone communication among older migrants. Guided by this framework and based on a face-to-face survey ( N = 376) conducted in China’s first-tier city Shenzhen, the study specifically examined how various forms of mobile communication could affect psychological well-being (PWB) among these older migrants. The results showed that mobile phone use could increase multimodal communication activities. However, only communication with the hometown could reduce loneliness and promote PWB. We argue that mobile communication has limited effects on older migrants’ PWB. It is a promising channel for maintaining remote ties; however, it should be considered more as a form of compensation than as the optimal option for older people who are away from their hometowns.

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Patients With Microsatellite Instability-High or POLE-Mutated Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer With Bulky Tumors: New Optimization Strategy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or DNA polymerase ε (POLE)-mutated locally advanced colorectal cancer (LACRC) with bulky tumors. PatientsWe retrospectively reviewed 22 consecutive patients with MSI-H or POLE-mutated LACRC with bulky tumors (>8 cm in diameter) who received preoperative programmed death-1 blockade, with or without CapOx chemotherapy. Main Outcome MeasuresPathological complete response (pCR), clinical complete response (cCR), toxicity, R0 resection rate, and complications were evaluated. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multiplex immunofluorescence analysis were performed before and after treatment. ResultsThe incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) was 36.4% (8/22). Five of 22 patients presented with surgical emergencies, most commonly perforation or obstruction. The 22 patients underwent a median 4 (1-8) cycles. Two patients were evaluated as cCR and underwent a watch and wait strategy. The R0 resection rate was 100.0% (20/20) and pCR rate was 70.0% (14/20). Twelve of 14 cT4b patients (85.7%) avoided multivisceral resection, and 10 of them achieved pCR or cCR. In the two patients with POLE mutations, one each achieved pCR and cCR. No Grade III/IV postoperative complications occurred. The median follow-up was 16.0 months. Two-year event-free and overall survival for the whole cohort was both 100%. ConclusionsPreoperative immunotherapy is the optimal option for MSI-H or POLE-mutated LACRC with bulky tumors, especially cT4b. Preoperative immunotherapy in patients with T4b CRC can reduce multivisceral resection and achieve high CR rate.

Feasibility and efficacy of cell-free and concentrate ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) for advanced pancreatic cancer patients with massive malignant ascites

BackgroundThe management of malignant ascites is critical for treating patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) and its impact on the prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who have massive malignant ascites. MethodsThis study analyzed 47 procedures in 29 patients who underwent CART for ascites caused by pancreatic cancer between 2015 and 2022. Among them, 7 patients who received chemotherapy following CART were classified as the chemotherapy group, while 22 patients without chemotherapy after CART were classified as the palliative care group. ResultsAmong the 47 procedures, adverse events (AEs) were observed in 9 procedures (19 %). Grade 2 adverse events were observed only in one procedure, manifested as fever. There were no grade 3 or 4 AEs, nor were there any treatment-related deaths. The median survival time was 4.0 months in the chemotherapy group and 0.7 months in the palliative care group (p = 0.004). The albumin level in the chemotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the palliative care group. ConclusionCART is feasible and might be the optimal option to enable prolonged use of chemotherapy to improve the prognosis for late-stage pancreatic cancer patients.

Numerical study on the effect of high efficient cooling nozzles and varying cooling intensity on metallurgical transport behaviors during the slab continuous casting

In this study, the spray characteristics of the cooling water flux of the traditional single nozzle and novel dual nozzle were innovatively and effectively incorporated into a 3D/2D flow-temperature-concentration segmented model. The model was used to investigate the effects of spray characteristics on the flow, heat distribution, solute transport, solidified shell, and mushy zone of steel in the continuous casting. The results showed that various flow patterns of liquid steel in the turbulent zone significantly affected the temperature and carbon concentration distribution. Until Zone 7, the cooling water fluxes in the six cases remained unchanged. The peak temperatures of cases 1 and 4 in Zone 7 were 1253.11 and 1273.51 K, respectively, indicating that the spray characteristic was the primary cause of the variations in slab surface temperatures. The cooling water fluxes in the six cases change from Zone 8 onward. The six cases had differences of −21.39, 17.87, 46.95, −22.08, 16.86, and 45.68 K between the initial and final temperatures in Zone 8, respectively, meeting the requirement of keeping the maximum temperature recovery rate of slab surface under 100 °C/m. However, the final temperatures for cases 2, 3, and 6 were 1225.62, 1196.50, and 1218.91 K, respectively. These temperatures fall within a realistic plastic temperature range, which must be higher than 1220 K. As a result, the plastic cracking in the slab was possible. The maximum temperature gradient differences of the six cases between feature lines at the end of Zone 8 were 0.793, 0.814, 0.829, 0.185, 0.179, and 0.179 K/mm. These results showed that the optimization effect on the temperature gradient difference was insignificant as the cooling intensity rose. However, the carbon concentration uniformity was marginally improved by increasing the cooling water flux. Finally, a state-owned steel company in China chose case 5 (dual nozzle with moderate cooling intensity at the slab solidified end) as the optimum option for the slab continuous casting caster. The dual nozzle enhanced and promoted the efficient and homogeneous production of the metallurgical process.

Метод оценки критериев оптимизации системы электробезопасности в инфраструктуре села

The article provides an analysis of the state of energy availability and equipment of electric installations for infrastructure facilities in rural settlements. The main type of technogenic hazards is marked – the electrical hazard that occurs in emergency modes of operation of electrical installations. The conditions for solving the safety problem and choosing the optimal variant of the electrical safety system are given. The indicators of the technical efficiency of the electrical safety system are determined, characterized by the likelihood of electrical injury to a person and the likelihood of a fire in electrical installations at facilities. The choice of the most appropriate options for the use of electrical protection equipment, providing for the joint use of automatic switches and protective shutdown devices, was made as a result of comparing the likelihood of electrical injury and fire with a normalized risk level of electrical and fire safety. A method for optimizing the electrical safety system is considered according to two particular criteria representing the average values of the probabilities of electrical injury and fire with the equivalence of their values. The task of optimizing the security system is indicated, which consists in constructing a vector criterion of optimality and converting it into a scalar criterion using the "assignment" method to obtain a normalized partial criterion. The normalized private criteria of electrical and fire safety are determined using a scalar criterion for the selection of electrical protection options for an agricultural facility. An algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of the electrical safety system in dangerous situations of electrical injuries has been built. The description of the construction of an algorithm for modeling the state of fire safety of the system in the event of fires in electrical installations is given. A comprehensive assessment of the normalized criterion for optimizing the electrical safety system was obtained according to two normalized criteria for electrical and fire safety and the choice of optimal electrical protection options at the studied facility. Keywords: TECHNOGENIC HAZARD, ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION, ACCIDENT, ELECTRICAL INJURY, TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY, EVALUATION CRITERIA, OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY SYSTEM, ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

RECBOT: Web-based Laptop Recommendation using Machine Learning

Abstract: This project presents the development of a Laptop Recommendation System leveraging machine learning to assist users in selecting the most suitable laptop based on their specific requirements. By employing a content-based filtering algorithm, the system analyzes various attributes of laptops such as performance, price, and features to generate personalized recommendations. The machine learning model is trained on a comprehensive dataset of laptops, enabling it to accurately match user preferences with the optimal laptop options. The frontend of the system is developed using Vue.js, providing a dynamic and responsive user interface that enhances the overall user experience. This approach not only simplifies the decision-making process but also enhances user satisfaction by ensuring that the recommended laptops meet the individual needs of each user. The implementation of this system demonstrates the potential of machine learning, content-based filtering, and modern web development frameworks like Vue.js in creating intelligent, user-centric recommendation solutions

Оценка хозяйственных рисков при реализации технологий угледобычи в современных условиях недропользования

Introduction. This paper presents research in the field of methodology of assessment and monitoring of associated under ground coalmining risks in order to level their impact on the resulting technical and economic indicators of production and economic activities in modern conditions of subsoiluse. The functioning of technological systems of coal mining enterprises at the present stage of subsurface use occurs in a highly dynamic and highly variable functional environment with a fair degree of uncertainty, which is generated by a significant variety of parameters and characteristics of the initial mining, geological and mining engineering environment, which, in turn, generates the emergence of various groups and risk factors for subsurface use. The established procedures and methods of risk forecasting currently do not give satisfactory results due to the globalization of world markets and high volatility of prices for coal products. Leveling the negative degree of influence of the risk component on the resulting indicators – indicators of technical and economic activity can be achieved through the introduction of an operational system for assessing and monitoring various groups of risk factors. Materials and methods. For the purpose of evaluation, it is proposed to use the methodological and methodological foundations of the method called “vector norms”, which involves the use of Affine space, the constituent areas of compromises and the introduction of utility estimates. A complete model representation of the assessment and monitoring of the impact of various risk factors of subsurface use, taking into account their clustering and ranking, is presented. The algorithmic support of this method is reduced to the following components-iterations: 1. Formation of criteria-based assessment matrices of various factors of subsurface use risk groups. 2. Assignment of optima to evaluation criteria. 3. In order to ensure the legality of the use and implementation of mathematical procedures and operations, the reduction of multi-dimensional evaluation criteria to a relative form, taking into account the assigned optima. 4. Formation of the objective function of the “norm of the vector” (integral indicator) and the development of a procedure for selecting the optimal option. Since the use of the methodological and methodological foundations of the method called “vector norms” allows us to form quantitative estimates of the presented factors-types of risk of subsurface use, this makes it possible to implement the clustering procedure or ranking of a selected set of coal mining enterprises in conjunction with existing risk areas. Results. Quite high values of correlation coefficients were obtained with a significant closeness of the relationship of inversely proportional dependencies of generalizing integral indicators of the degree of risk and the level of achievement of planned indicators and development of production capacity with the level of operational profitability from the conduct of production and economic activities of coal mining enterprises with a directly proportional dependence on the operating costs of mining 1t of coal. Discussion. Сomplete model representation of the assessment and monitoring of the impact of various risk factors of subsurface use, taking into account their clustering and ranking, is presented. As a practical component of the research, variable series of areas of integral degree of risk in the functional environment of Kuzbass coal mines are presented. The use of software modules for correlation and regression analysis, taking into account three-year retrospective dynamics, made it possible to establish the legality and objectivity of the proposed methodological apparatus for integrated risk assessment of the implementation of coal mining technologies in modern conditions of subsurface use. Conclusion. The results of the implementation of the theoretical components of the methodology and model representations of the developed conceptual foundations for the integrated risk assessment of the implementation of coal mining technologies in modern conditions of subsurface use, taking into account five-year retrospective dynamics, showed that in the Kuznetsk basin there was a steady tendency to reduce the cluster of coal mines, which is characterized by high risks of carrying out production and economic activities in the presence of a disproportion of resource potential (the emergent part). The accompanying processes of formation of this trend are manifested in a quantitative increase in the functional units of the rating cluster of group 2B with an average resource potential and inherent moderate risk. It is within this cluster that strategies for prioritizing investments for the development and renewal of technological systems and structures of coal mining are being formed, since only they are able to provide the fastest possible return on invested funds. Resume. The article presents the results of research in the field of methodology for assessing and monitoring the risks associated with underground coal mining in order to level out their impact on the resulting technical and economic indicators of production and economic activity in modern conditions of subsoil use. The research results can be useful in the implementation of coal mining technology in modern conditions of subsoil use.

Development of a mobile wind power plant for power supply to troops

The study examined the feasibility of using wind energy to supply energy to field military shooting ranges of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The object of study is a mobile wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation. Theoretical studies have identified key factors influencing turbine modes and performance, which has led to the selection of optimal placement options. The proposed system took into account the power supply needs of troops in the field, with special attention to the energy-consuming equipment of field military shooting ranges as the main consumers. A comparative analysis has established the superiority of a mobile wind turbine with a vertical axis over traditional wind generators with a horizontal axis. The developed turbine design provides full coverage of the airflow regardless of direction, with an optimal blade angle of 60°. Theoretical studies included studying the airflow around the blade at different angles of attack, which provides insight into drag and lift. The basis for the development was the designed model of a mobile wind turbine, protected by a patent, characterized by mobility, sectionality and the ability to adapt to various environmental conditions. Its simple and compact design, combined with a vertical axis of rotation, ensures an uninterrupted power supply, especially at remote military installations and border areas. This research led to the development of a model for calculating the parameters of a mobile wind turbine suitable for powering troops in the field. The study demonstrates the potential of mobile wind power plants to significantly enhance energy reliability at military shooting ranges. The calculated results confirm the viability of mobile wind turbines in providing power support for shooting activities at these ranges

Imaging features and management of focal liver lesions

Notably, the number of incidentally detected focal liver lesions (FLLs) has increased dramatically in recent years due to the increased use of radiological imaging. The diagnosis of FLLs can be made through a well-documented medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and appropriate imaging methods. Although benign FLLs are more common than malignant ones in adults, even in patients with primary malignancy, accurate diagnosis of incidental FLLs is of utmost clinical significance. In clinical practice, FLLs are frequently evaluated non-invasively using ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although US is a cost-effective and widely used imaging method, its diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for FLL characterization are limited. FLLs are primarily characterized by obtaining enhancement patterns through dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. MRI is a problem-solving method with high specificity and sensitivity, commonly used for the evaluation of FLLs that cannot be characterized by US or CT. Recent technical advancements in MRI, along with the use of hepatobiliary-specific MRI contrast agents, have significantly improved the success of FLL characterization and reduced unnecessary biopsies. The American College of Radiology (ACR) appropriateness criteria are evidence-based recommendations intended to assist clinicians in selecting the optimal imaging or treatment option for their patients. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Liver Lesion-Initial Characterization guideline provides recommendations for the imaging methods that should be used for the characterization of incidentally detected FLLs in various clinical scenarios. The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Clinical Guideline offers evidence-based recommendations for both the diagnosis and management of FLL. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Guidance provides an approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, FLLs are reviewed with a comprehensive analysis of ACR Appropriateness Criteria, ACG Clinical Guideline, AASLD Practice Guidance, and current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals. The article includes a discussion of imaging methods used for the assessment of FLL, current recommended imaging techniques, innovations in liver imaging, contrast agents, imaging features of common nonmetastatic benign and malignant FLL, as well as current management recommendations.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A MATCHED FILTER FOR LFM SIGNALS USING A SYSTEM-ON-CHIP BASED SDR TRANSCEIVER

Background. Creation of communication channels with effective protection against intentional interference is the most urgent task for communication channels of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). An effective solution is the use of signals with spectrum expansion, which allows reducing the impact of intentional interference on control and telemetry channels, thereby increasing the survivability of UAVs. The most optimal is the use of LCM modulation, which became possible with the development of SDR and SoC technologies. The main problem of using LFM modulation is the complexity of implementing matched filters. This requires research to create optimal digital implementations of matched filters. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to determine the parameters of the LFM signal for the implementation of the communication system using CSS modulation on the SDR transceiver. Optimal implementation of discrete matched filter (correlator) for CSS BOK modulation on FPGA (SoC). Methods. Analysis of the possibilities of implementing CSS BOK modulation for building a communication system based on SDR transceivers. Analysis of optimal options for building a discrete matched filter (correlator) for CSS BOK modulation on FPGA (SoC) and its implementation. Testing on a laboratory bench. Results The possibility of creating a communication system based on an SDR transceiver using CSS BOK modulation has been confirmed. The optimal parameters of the LFM signal, which can be implemented, have been studied. An implementation of a discrete matched filter (correlator) for CSS BOK modulation on FPGA has been developed. Testing carried out on a laboratory bench using SDR transceivers AD9361 (AD9364) showed the correctness and effectiveness of the decisions made. Conclusions The parameters of the LFM signal for the implementation in the communication system using CSS modulation on the SDR transceiver have been studied and determined. It was determined that when using the AD9361 (AD9364) transceiver, it is possible to implement an LFM signal with a band of up to 25 MHz, while the optimal symbol duration will be 16.6667 µsec at 1024 counts and a sampling frequency of 61.44 MHz. It was determined that the best CSS modulation method for creating a communication system is the binary orthogonal manipulation (BOK) method, which allows you to effectively use the advantages of SDR technologies, in particular, the ease of working with quadrature channels and, as a consequence, the ease of implementing phase synchronization. It has been determined that the best method of implementing a matched filter (correlator) on the basis of FPGA (SoC) is the application of fast convolution based on the fast Fourier transform. The developed implementation of a discrete matched filter (correlator) for CSS BOK modulation on FPGA showed the possibility of implementing a communication system with CSS BOK modulation on an SDR transceiver in full accordance with the research results. Experimental studies were carried out on a laboratory bench using SDR transceivers AD9361 (AD9364), which fully confirmed the results of simulation modelling.

PECULIARITIES OF THE ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL CLEFT UPPER LIP AND PALATE AFTER SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS

The article presents the analysis of contemporary views on issues of orthopedic treatment of patients with congenital cleft upper lip and palate (CCULP) at the stages of their orthopedic rehabilitation. Particular attention is paid to the complex orthopedic treatment of patients with CCULP, based on a careful investigation and consideration of the types of existing deformations and anomalies and, thus, the determination of the most optimal terms and options of prosthetic treatment, which will make it possible to eliminate deformations of the maxillofacial system and implement effective measures for the rehabilitation of patients. The aim of the study is to analyze the sources of scientific and medical information on the orthopedic treatment of patients with congenital cleft lip and palate after the completion of surgical intervention. Materials and methods. The research methods include bibliosemantic and analytical approaches. Results. The sources of scientific and medical information concerning the peculiarities of orthopedic treatment of patients with congenital cleft lip and palate after the completion of surgical interventions were analyzed and processed. Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the studies presented in the review confirms that the only successful complex treatment with the use of multidisciplinary approach can significantly improve the process of rehabilitation of patients with congenital cleft upper lip and palate.

Long-term tracking of the microbiology of uranium-amended water-saturated bentonite microcosms: A mechanistic characterization of U speciation

Deep geological repositories (DGRs) stand out as one of the optimal options for managing high-level radioactive waste (HLW) such as uranium (U) in the near future. Here, we provide novel insights into microbial behavior in the DGR bentonite barrier, addressing potential worst-case scenarios such as waste leakage (e.g., U) and groundwater infiltration of electron rich donors in the bentonite. After a three-year anaerobic incubation, Illumina sequencing results revealed a bacterial diversity dominated by anaerobic and spore-forming microorganisms mainly from the phylum Firmicutes. Highly U tolerant and viable bacterial isolates from the genera Peribacillus, Bacillus, and some SRB such as Desulfovibrio and Desulfosporosinus, were enriched from U-amended bentonite. The results obtained by XPS and XRD showed that U was present as U(VI) and as U(IV) species. Regarding U(VI), we have identified biogenic U(VI) phosphates, U(UO2)·(PO4)2, located in the inner part of the bacterial cell membranes in addition to U(VI)-adsorbed to clays such as montmorillonite. Biogenic U(IV) species as uraninite may be produced as result of bacterial enzymatic U(VI) reduction. These findings suggest that under electron donor-rich water-saturation conditions, bentonite microbial community can control U speciation, immobilizing it, and thus enhancing future DGR safety if container rupture and waste leakage occurs.

Osteocyte gene expression analysis in mouse bone: optimization of a laser-assisted microdissection protocol.

Among bone cells, osteocytes are the most abundant, but also the most challenging to study because they are located inside a dense mineralized matrix. Due to their involvement in bone homeostasis, diverse tools are needed to understand their roles in bone physiology and pathology. This work was aimed at establishing a laser-assisted microdissection protocol to isolate osteocytes and analyze their gene expressions. The goal was to overcome the limitations of the technique currently most used: RNA extraction from the whole bone. To perform laser microdissection and subsequent gene expression analysis, the five main steps of the protocol have been adapted for the bone tissue. After testing many parameters, we found that the best options were (1) take unfixed snap-frozen tissue, (2) cryosection with a supported tape system to improve the tissue morphology if necessary, (3) microdissect regions of interest, and (4) recover the bone pieces by catapulting, if feasible, or by gravity. Finally, RNA extraction (5) was the most efficient with a precipitation method and allowed quantifying the expression of well described osteocyte genes (Gja1/Cx43, Phex, Pdpn, Dmp1, Sost). This work describes two protocols optimized for femur and calvaria and gives an overview of the many optimization options that one could try when facing difficulties with laser microdissection.

Multi-objective optimisation framework for Blue-Green Infrastructure placement using detailed flood model

Designing city-scale Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) for flood risk management requires detailed and robust methods. This is due to the complex interaction of flow pathways and the need to assess cost-benefit trade-offs for various BGI options. This study aims to find a cost-effective BGI placement scheme by developing an improved approach called the Cost OptimisatioN Framework for Implementing blue-Green infrastructURE (CONFIGURE). The optimisation framework integrates a detailed hydrodynamic flood simulation model with a multi-objective optimisation algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II). The use of a high-resolution flood simulation model ensures the explicit representation of BGI and other land use features to simulate flow pathways and surface flood risk accurately, while the optimisation algorithm guarantees achieving the best cost-benefit trade-offs for given BGI options. The current study uses the advanced CityCAT hydrodynamic flood model to evaluate the efficiency of the optimisation framework and the impact of location and size of permeable interventions on the optimisation process and subsequent cost-benefit trade-offs. This is achieved by dividing permeable surface areas into intervention zones of varying size and quantity. Furthermore, rainstorm events with 100-year and 30-year return periods are analysed to identify any common optimal solutions for different rainfall intensities. Depending on the number of intervention locations, the automated framework reliably achieves optimal BGI implementation solutions in a fraction of the time required to find the best solutions by trialling all possible options. Designing and optimising interventions with smaller sizes but many permeable zones save a good fraction of investment. However, such a design scheme requires more computational time to find optimal options. Furthermore, the optimal spatial configuration of BGI varies with different rainstorm severities, suggesting a need for careful selection of the rainstorm return period. Based on the results, CONFIGURE shows promise in devising sustainable urban flood risk management designs.