Optimization Of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Research Articles

Design of Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Sustainable Power Supply to Isolated-grid Communities in North Central, Nigeria

The study analyzed the feasibility and techno-economic viability of renewable electricity generation from wind and solar standalone systems, and as hybrid facilities in six states across North-central, Nigeria. 24 years’ daily solar and wind data were sourced from the Nigeria Meteorological Department, Oshodi. The dataset was analyzed and employed to design an alternative RE power supply system as a test case for university communities with an equivalent consumption of 28.9 MWh/day. The electricity load demand adopted was based on an audit of electricity generation conducted for the University of Lagos main campus. The supply architecture adopted in this study excludes the use of heavy equipment or machinery loads and only caters for the institutions’ base loads. An evaluation of the design that will optimally match the daily load demand of the communities with LOLP ranging from 1 to 50% was undertaken. HOMER software was employed as the optimisation tool together with other statistical and analytical variations to determine best design for the sites with diesel standalone facility taken as the base system. The outcome showed that hybrid generation system fared better than the standalone PV or Wind energy system at Abuja, Ilorin, Lokoja and Makurdi, while the wind standalone system was the optimal generation technology at Minna and Jos. Further to this, values of the levelized cost of energy showed that adopting wind resources (as standalone or in hybrid format with PV) for power generation at the sites/institutions at Minna and Jos, is more viable than the use of diesel generators.

Optimal design for hybrid renewable energy system using particle swarm optimization

This paper proposes the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to minimize the Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) Cost of Energy (COE) on different sizing between wind turbines and solar PV modules subjecting to a particular investment constraint. The wind speed and solar irradiation data from a particular site are used to determine the annual energy production (AEP) following the HRES configuration. While the turbine power curve converts the wind speed range to wind power, solar power generation model transforms solar radiation incident on PV modules. The investment cost of the solar PV system is interpolated from a commercial supplier data. However, the wind turbine cost is derived from the turbine component cost model of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and discounted to the present value using the inflation rate. Once a wind turbine and PV modules are configured as HRES, the COE as the objective function would be determined. The minimum COE from this study at 0.1204 $/kWh is in the 95th percentile of the global renewable power generation cost database from IRENA ranging between 0.06 – 0.22 $/kWh for solar energy and 0.04 – 0.10 $/kWh for wind energy but higher than the average value because of the low potential on both solar radiation and wind speed data from the particular site. However, PSO as the preliminary design method could be determined the optimal HRES with minimized COE when compare with the conventional design.

Optimal Management of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System Coupled with a Membrane Bioreactor Using Enviro-Economic and Power Pinch Analyses for Sustainable Climate Change Adaption

This study proposed an optimal hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to sustainably meet the dynamic electricity demand of a membrane bioreactor. The model-based HRES consists of solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and battery banks with grid connectivity. Three scenarios, 101 sub-scenarios, and three management cases were defined to optimally design the system using a novel dual-scale optimization approach. At the system scale, the power-pinch analysis was applied to minimize both the size of components and the outsourced needed electricity (NE) from Vietnam’s electrical grid. At a local-scale, economic and environmental models were integrated, and the system was graphically optimized using a novel objective function, combined enviro-economic costs (CEECs). The results showed that the optimal CEECs were $850,710/year, $1,030,628/year, and $1,693,476/year for the management cases under good, moderate, and unhealthy air qualities, respectively. The smallest CEEC was obtained when 47% of the demand load of the membrane bioreactor was met using the HRES and the rest was supplied by the grid, resulting in 6,800,769 kg/year of CO2 emissions.

Optimization of a hybrid system for solar-wind-based water desalination by reverse osmosis: Comparison of approaches

Nineteen evolutionary algorithms, including single and hybrid optimization algorithms, are used for determining the optimum size of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that is comprised of a wind turbine, a photovoltaic panel, a battery bank, and a reverse osmosis desalination unit. The main source electrical power for the reverse-osmosis desalination unit for producing fresh water is solar and wind energy, and batteries are used as back up units. Integer and continuous variables in the HRES optimization model for a remote area of Iran are considered. The optimization aims to meet the load continuously while minimizing the HRES life cycle cost subject to relevant constraints. Also, to ensure reliability, the reliability index is assessed for the loss of power supply probability. In order to achieve optimal performance, various versions well-known optimization approaches are used: particle swarm optimization, bee swarm optimization, harmony search, simulated annealing, chaotic search, and tabu search algorithm. The results show that hybrid optimization techniques provide the best performance among the considered evolutionary algorithms and that using the HRES reduces system costs and increases system reliability in general and for increasing fresh water availability.

Design and Optimization of Hybrid PV-Wind Renewable Energy System

Hybrid renewable energy system is the combination of two or more energy sources which is used to supply the targeted load. One of the most important applications of renewable energy system is the installation of well design hybrid energy system in remote areas where grid extension is very difficult and costly. But the proper design of such system is the challenging task as the coordination between different energy sources; energy storage and load are very complicated. An optimization of hybrid renewable energy system is the process of selecting suitable components, its sizing and control strategy to provide efficient, reliable and cost effective alternative energy to the society. This paper presents the design of an optimized hybrid renewable energy system consisting of photovoltaic, wind generator with battery and converter. The system has been optimally simulated by using IHOGA (Improved Hybrid Optimization Genetic Algorithm) tool developed by the Electric engineering department of the university of Zaragoza, Spain. The paper also described the sensitivity analysis of hybrid system which help to access the effect of uncertainty or change in the variable and finding the most suitable solution for hybrid system.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using Reformed Electric System Cascade Analysis for Islanding and Grid Connected Modes of Operation

This paper presents a new methodology of reformed electric system cascade analysis (RESCA) for the optimization of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) with wind energy conversion system, PV system, battery energy storage system, non-intermittent source, and grid as system components. Four different configurations of HRES in islanding and grid-connected mode is considered for analysis. The four configurations of HRES is optimized using RESCA with constraints, such as final excess energy, renewable energy fraction, energy generation ratio, loss of power supply probability, and annual system cost (ASC). The optimization is realized for a residential load in Newark, USA consisting of 100 households with a daily consumption of 30 kWh for each house. The paper successfully presents the application of the RESCA methodology for the optimization of HRES based on reliability and economic constraints for both isolated and grid connected mode of applications.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using an Enhanced Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm

Due to the scarcity of conventional energy resources and the greenhouse effect, renewable energies have gained more attention. This paper proposes methods for multi-objective optimal design of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) in both isolated-island and grid-connected modes. In each mode, the optimal design aims to find suitable configurations of photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, batteries and diesel generators in HRES such that the system cost and the fuel emission are minimized, and the system reliability/renewable ability (corresponding to different modes) is maximized. To effectively solve this multi-objective problem (MOP), the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) using localized penalty-based boundary intersection (LPBI) method is proposed. The algorithm denoted as MOEA/D-LPBI is demonstrated to outperform its competitors on the HRES model as well as a set of benchmarks. Moreover, it effectively obtains a good approximation of Pareto optimal HRES configurations. By further considering a decision maker’s preference, the most satisfied configuration of the HRES can be identified.

Decision guidance framework to support operations and analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system

In this paper we develop a framework to support the introduction of renewable energy generation and carbon emission constraints into a defined electric power network, and the key operational decisions regarding its configuration. We describe and model the major components of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), including renewable energy sources (solar and wind), fossil fuel generators, transmission/distribution, power storage, energy markets, and end-customer demand. Our methodology involves a conceptual diagram notation for power network topology, combined with a formal mathematical model that describes the HRES optimization framework. We introduce environmental goals as constraints to the model, based on emissions restrictions dictated by a policy-maker extraneous to the model. We then proceed to implement the HRES optimization problem solution through a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model by leveraging IBM Optimization Programming Language (OPL) CPLEX Studio. Lastly, we develop a proof-of-concept to demonstrate the feasibility of the model.

An environmentally friendly factory in Egypt based on hybrid photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery system

The potential for using clean energy technologies in Egypt is good given the abundant solar insolation and wind resources. In contrast, many factories have suffered significant losses due to frequent blackouts in Egypt, especially at peak times of load demand. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to provide a detailed feasibility and a techno-economic evaluation of using hybrid photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery system to satisfy the electrical energy needs for an environmentally friendly factory in New Borg El Arab city, Egypt and the city surrounding the factory. Utilizing the well-known Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables software to get the optimal configuration of a hybrid renewable energy system, based on the user inputs of loads, components costs, components technical details, solar and wind resources availability. The hybrid renewable energy system consisting of 60 kW of photovoltaic arrays, 100 kW of wind turbines, 40 kW of diesel generators, 50 kW of power converters and 600 batteries is found to be the optimal hybrid configuration in accordance with the system net present cost and cost of energy. The net present cost of this system is $1,684,118 and the cost of energy is $0.19/kWh. Additionally, the optimum system is the most environmentally friendly system in comparison with the other systems configurations specifically the diesel only system, because it is able to reduce a significant amount of greenhouse gases emissions. Strive to achieve the plan to become New Borg El Arab city, the first environmentally friendly Egyptian city in the near future by increasing the applications in this city that depend on the clean energy. Additionally, the same work could be applied to any other site in the world. Finally, an accurate separate techno-economic analysis of each component in the optimum hybrid renewable energy system is carried out in this study.

Techno‐economic analysis of standalone hybrid energy systems to run auxiliaries of a cement plant located in Jamul, Chhattisgarh, India

This article proposes an optimal hybrid renewable energy system for auxiliaries of a cement plant located in Jamul, Chhattisgarh, India. Presently, the auxiliaries along with other loads are supplied electricity by coal based captive thermal power plant. The auxiliaries need to run without break. But, due to frequent failure of captive thermal power plant and also higher pollutant emissions, an optimal alternative system which comprises renewable source and existing diesel generator unit, was required to be proposed. For this, a comparative study is carried out by using HOMER software, among photo voltaic (PV)‐wind‐diesel‐battery (PWDB), PV‐diesel‐battery (PDB), and diesel‐only system. These systems are compared with one another considering total net present cost (NPC), pollutant emissions and cost of energy (COE). The required system constraints are taken to be zero maximum annual capacity shortage with a limit on the consumption of diesel and minimum renewable fraction equal to 800,000 L yr−1 and 30%, respectively. The study results show that PV‐wind‐diesel‐battery system has lowest NPC and COE and reduction in CO2 emissions are 11569.695 tons yr−1 compared to existing system emissions. Moreover, in this lowest NPC PV‐wind‐diesel‐battery system, the effect of using natural gas (NG), fuel oil (FO), and biodiesel (BD) in place of petroleum diesel is also studied in terms of variations of cost parameters and reductions in pollutant emissions. It is found that replacement of petroleum diesel with biodiesel results in further highest decrease in NPC, COE and pollutant emissions compared to other fuels. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 221–229, 2016

An Environmentally-Friendly Tourist Village in Egypt Based on a Hybrid Renewable Energy System––Part Two: A Net Zero Energy Tourist Village

The main objective of this study is to discuss the economical and the environmental analysis of a net zero energy (NZE) tourist village in Alexandria, Egypt, by maximizing the renewable energy fraction and minimizing the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The hybrid photovoltaics (PV)/wind/diesel/battery system is found to be the optimum hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for the proposed tourist village under the study. The optimum HRES consists of 1600 kW of PV panels (58.09% solar energy penetration), 1000 kW of wind turbines (41.34% wind energy penetration), 1000 kW of power converters, 200 kW diesel generator (only 0.57% diesel generator penetration) in addition to 2000 batteries with the capacity of 589 Ah each. The levelized cost of energy (COE) from the optimum HRES is $0.17/kWh and the total net present cost (NPC) of this system is $15,383,360. Additionally, the maximum renewable energy fraction is 99.1% and the amount of GHG emitted from the optimum HRES is only 31,289 kg/year, which is negligible in comparison with the other system configurations, therefore the optimum HRES can be considered as a green system. In addition to this, the achieved percentage of the capacity shortage and the unmet load in the optimal HRES is only 0% for both.

Optimal sizing of hybrid solar micro-CHP systems for the household sector

The present paper addresses the importance of optimal sizing hybrid microgeneration systems for dwelling applications. Indeed, the parameters, the constraints and the criteria which must be considered in the sizing phase are several: i) energy prices, ii) ambient conditions, iii) energy demand, iv) units' characteristics, v) electricity grid constraints. The hybrid renewable system under analysis is made up of an electrical solar device and a micro-Combined Heat and Power, micro-CHP unit coupled to a cooling device. In addition to traditional PhotoVoltaic, PV, technology the work considers a High Concentration PhotoVoltaic, HCPV, device, with the aim of understanding its potential application in the countries of the Mediterranean. Results point out the importance of optimal sizing hybrid renewable energy systems, in particular the micro-CHP unit, in order to maximize the economic and the energy savings with respect to conventional generation. Furthermore results point out the critical nature of electricity grid constraints, which can halve the achievable energy savings.

Investigation into economical desalination using optimized hybrid renewable energy system

This paper investigates the use of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) in Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination. Mathematical model aided with a newly developed computer program for sizing (HRES) components. The study evaluates the individual and total expenses needed as well as the amount of excess renewable energy production. An optimization program was developed to select the best (HRES) combination that can produce desalinated water in a relatively economic cost. It demonstrates an investigated optimization approach based on minimization of the excess energy. It presents the impact of the considered optimization technique on the unit cost of energy and consequently unit cost of desalinated water. Unit production costs of both energy and desalinated water for two existing small and medium (RO) plants powered with conventional electricity grid are compared with the generated electricity from optimized (HRES). Cost sensitivity evaluation for (HRES) components to estimate the most economical price of (HRES) for desalination is presented.

Optimized Hybrid Renewable Energy System of Isolated Islands in Smart-Grid Scenario - A Case Study in Indian Context

Optimized Hybrid Renewable Energy System of Isolated Islands in Smart-Grid Scenario - A Case Study in Indian Context

Grid-connectivity of remote isolated islands—A proposition in Indian context

This paper has analyzed the cases of Moushuni Island at Sundarban of 24 Parganas South of West Bengal, India. The proposition is to find out the possibility of grid-connectivity of isolated remote islands which is under rural electrification scheme by hybrid renewable energies under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission of India. In these rural electrification program, grid extension can be the best option if the grid is reliable, the rural community rather big and in proximity to the grid. In many circumstances, a strong case for mini-grids based on hybrid systems can be made. Scattered communities and isolated houses are well served by solar and small hydro (where available) or small wind energy systems. By feeding renewable electricity to the utility grid through grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system, during time of peak demand, sufficient electrical loads can be shed to prevent turning on a coal or natural gas-fired plant and therefore save CO2 emissions and potentially energy import costs, replacing fossil fuels. But there is a barrier for grid-connectivity for isolated island, which can be overcome by feed-in-tariff policy implementation for renewables. Also, feed-in-tariff for mini-grids is a promising approach for linking off-grid and grid-connected renewable energy support. Also, most intelligent controller for grid interactive operation of solar photovoltaic-wind-bio hybrid energy system at Moushuni Island is proposed. This intelligent controller will switch from various renewable resources like solar-wind-biomass through change over switch panel to find out optimized hybrid renewable energy system. Malda district of West Bengal, India is a vision towards smart-grid city towards sustainable future, where rural consumers can upgrade their quality of life through solar energy resource. This paper also illustrated the socio-economic and environmental benefits and social costing of adopting renewables future for India. Cost proposition for integrating distributed renewable energy sources-solar energy to electricity grid has been analyzed along with the feasibility studies for factors responsible for cost/unit reduction. The feasibility studies for social, economic, and environmental benefits of renewables have been discussed along with justifications for hybrid renewable vs stand alone-photovoltaic and other types of renewable energy systems along with the comparative analysis of economic costing of installation of various types of renewable energy systems.

Optimal hybrid renewable energy systems for energy security: a comparative study

A hybrid power system may be used to reduce dependency on either conventional energy or renewable systems. This article deals with the sizing, generator running hours, sensitivity analysis, optimisation, and greenhouse gas emission analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). Two locations have been selected where the feasibility of using different hybrid systems is studied for the same load demand. One site is the small remote community of Amini in the Lakshadweep Islands, located in southern India in the Arabian Sea, where solar and/or wind energy is always available throughout the year to provide energy security. Another place is the rural township of Hathras, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, where agricultural biomass is found in abundance for the whole year. A comparative study has been made for the two locations for the same load demand by simulating HRES. To achieve the goal of simulation, the hybrid optimisation model for electric renewables (HOMER) software of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA, is used. An optimisation model of a hybrid renewable system has been prepared which simplifies the task of evaluating the design of an off-grid/standalone system. After simulating all possible system equipment with their sizes, a list of many possible configurations may be evaluated and sorted by net present cost to compare the design options. An elaborate sensitivity analysis has been used for each input variable; the whole optimisation process is repeated to get simulated system configurations