Optimal Dispersion Research Articles

Preparation of nano disperse dyes using sulfomethylated lignin: Effects of sulfonic group contents

The molecular simulation software was firstly applied to analyze the adsorption of sulfomethylated lignin (SAL) on dye surfaces. Then, SALs with different sulfonic group contents were prepared and characterized by FTIR, NMR, EA and GPC measurements using alkali lignin (AL) as raw materials and sodium sulfite as sulfonating agents. Next, SAL1.53 was determined to the optimum dispersant by TSI, particle size and thermal storage stability measurements, which had the smallest particle size of 173 nm and highest stability, comparable to the commercial Reax 85A lignin dispersant and basically satisfying the requirement of nano disperse dyes used in the digital printing technology. QCM, AFM and zeta potential results indicated that as the sulfonic group content of SAL increased, the adsorption mass, rigidity of the adsorbed layer, adsorption force and absolute zeta potential value all showed a gradually increasing tendency due to an enhanced hydrophilicity, and thus a decreased intermolecular agglomeration and an increased molecular chain stretching degree. A maximum was observed for SAL1.53. This research not only provided a novel approach to the preparation of high-performance lignin dispersants for nano disperse dyes, but also would broaden the high value-added industrial applications of biomass lignin into the digital printing and dyeing field.

Chemical and Colloidal Stability of Polymer-Coated NaYF4:Yb,Er Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media and Viability of Cells: The Effect of a Protective Coating.

Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are of particular interest in nanomedicine for in vivo deep-tissue optical cancer bioimaging due to their efficient cellular uptake dependent on polymer coating. In this study, particles, ca. 25 nm in diameter, were prepared by a high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide chlorides. To ensure optimal dispersion of UCNPs in aqueous milieu, they were coated with three different polymers containing reactive groups, i.e., poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (PEG-Ale), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide)-alendronate (PDMA-Ale), and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). All the particles were characterized by TEM, DLS, FTIR, and spectrofluorometer to determine the morphology, hydrodynamic size and ξ-potential, composition, and upconversion luminescence. The degradability/dissolution of UCNPs in water, PBS, DMEM, or artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) was evaluated using an ion-selective electrochemical method and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The dissolution that was more pronounced in PBS at elevated temperatures was decelerated by polymer coatings. The dissolution in DMEM was relatively small, but much more pronounced in ALF. PMVEMA with multiple anchoring groups provided better protection against particle dissolution in PBS than PEG-Ale and PDMA-Ale polymers containing only one reactive group. However, the cytotoxicity of the particles depended not only on their ability to rapidly degrade, but also on the type of coating. According to MTT, neat UCNPs and UCNP@PMVEMA were toxic for both rat cells (C6) and rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), which was in contrast to the UCNP@Ale-PDMA particles that were biocompatible. On the other hand, both the cytotoxicity and uptake of the UCNP@Ale-PEG particles by C6 and rMSCs were low, according to MTT assay and ICP-MS, respectively. This was confirmed by a confocal microscopy, where the neat UCNPs were preferentially internalized by both cell types, followed by the UCNP@PMVEMA, UCNP@Ale-PDMA, and UCNP@Ale-PEG particles. This study provides guidance for the selection of a suitable nanoparticle coating with respect to future biomedical applications where specific behaviors (extracellular deposition vs. cell internalization) are expected.

Prism Design for Spectral Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometers are instruments used for the rapid quantitative analysis of cell suspension. Traditional flow cytometry uses multi-channel filters to detect fluorescence, whereas full-spectrum fluorescence based on dispersion detection is a more effective and accurate method. The application of various dispersion schemes in flow cytometry spectroscopy has been studied. From the perspective of modern detectors and demand for the miniaturization of flow cytometry, prism dispersion exhibits higher and more uniform light energy utilization, meaning that it is a more suitable dispersion method for small flow cytometers, such as microfluidic flow cytometers. Prism dispersion designs include the size, number, and placement of prisms. By deducing the formula of the final position of light passing through the prism and combining it with the formula of transmittance, the design criteria of the top angle and the incident angle of the prism in pursuit of the optimum transmittance and dispersion index can be obtained. Considering the case of multiple prisms, under the premise of pursuing a smaller size, the optimal design criteria for dispersion system composed of multiple prisms can be obtained. The design of prism dispersion fluorescence detection was demonstrated with a microfluidic flow cytometer, and the effectiveness of the design results was verified by microsphere experiments and practical biological experiments. This design criterion developed in this study is generally applicable to spectral flow cytometers.

Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf and Jute Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites

This study investigated the rheological and mechanical properties of cement composites with kenaf and jute fibers for use in shotcrete. The length and volume fractions of the fiber were varied; the rheological properties were analyzed in terms of air content, compression and flexural tests were conducted, and the degree of fiber dispersion was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. The rougher surfaces of the jute fibers led to a higher yield stress and viscosity of the composite compared to the kenaf fibers. The use of 10-mm-long jute fibers at 2.0% volume fraction led to optimal rheological properties while 30-mm-long jute fibers at 1.0% resulted in the worst properties. The yield stress and plastic viscosity exhibited positive and negative correlations with the fiber volume fraction, respectively. This was likely because of the bridging and fluid actions of the bubbles at higher fiber content. For a given fiber content, only the yield stress increases with an increase in fiber length. Although all the mechanical properties deteriorated (compressive strength decreased from 27.5 to 6 MPa, and flexural strength deteriorated from 6.2 to 1.8 MPa), the mixtures failed in a ductile manner. Using 10-mm-long kenaf fibers at 2.0% induced optimal fiber dispersion, whereas the minimum dispersion-coefficient value was found for 5-mm-long kenaf fibers at 0.5%.

Synthesis of Highly Dispersible Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Conductive Material through a Facile Drying Process for High-Power Lithium-ion Batteries.

Herein, surface-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully synthesized by dry ball milling that facilitates industrial application. The optimal conditions were determined by analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of CNTs, including the content of the carboxyl group (-COOH) induced on the surface of CNTs by co-existing dry ice based on the ball milling time. Among them, 30 s ball milling (CNTs-30s) showed a high dispersibility in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) while retaining most carboxyl groups and maintaining the intrinsic high conductivity. In the evaluation of rate capability and 5 C/5 C cyclability applied to the Li1+x (Ni1-y-z Coy Mnz )1-x O2 with 60 % Ni (NCM622) cathode, CNTs-30s showed excellent performance based on a well-formed conductive network. Regarding improved dispersion properties and electrochemical performance, the optimal surface functionalization conditions, dispersibility, and electrode properties according to the processing time were analyzed; based on these, the correlation with electrochemical performance was confirmed.

Production challenges of tablets containing lipid excipients: Case study using cannabidiol as drug model

The aims of this study were, firstly, to select an optimal lipid solid dispersion of cannabidiol among different lipid excipients (Gelucire® 50/13, 48/16, 44/14 and Labrasol®) and inorganic carriers (colloidal silica, Syloid® XDP and Neusilin® US2) through a screening plan. The enhancement of aqueous solubility of cannabidiol from a free-flowing powder with adequate drug content was obtained by mixing cannabidiol (20%) with Gelucire® 50/13 (40%; Gattefossé, France), both incorporated inside mesopores of mesoporous silica Syloid® XDP (40%; Grace, Germany). Secondly, we have studied the tableting properties of this selected dispersion through a Design of Experiments (DoE) by manufacturing tablets with other excipients with using a compression simulator (Styl’One® Evo, Medelpharm, France). The design of experiments included the percentage of lipid solid dispersion, of glidant, of lubricant and different compression forces. The dissolution efficiency, the drug content, the tensile strength and the ejection force were analyzed. The DoE showed that % of dispersion as well as compression forces were the main influential variables. An exit of lipid materials outside the mesopores of silica due to compression process has been highlighted, reflected by reduced tensile strength. This study showed the possibility of manufacturing tablets with lipid materials even if limitations have been highlighted. Indeed, the dispersion percentage must not exceed 27% and compression forces up to 13 kN are required to produce lipid tablets with optimal properties.

Multilayer Ultrathin MXene@AgNW@MoS2 Composite Film for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Shielding

Structure and material composition is crucial in realizing high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE). Herein, an ultrathin MXene@AgNW@MoS2 (MAM) composite film that resembles the structure of a pork belly and exhibits superior EMI shielding performance was fabricated via the vacuum-assisted suction filtration process and atomic layer deposition (ALD). The staggered AgNWs form skeletons and intersperse in MXene sheets to build a doped layer with three-dimensional network structures, which improves the electrical conductivity of the film. Based on the optimal dispersion concentration of Ag in doped and single layers, the MXene/AgNW doped layer and AgNW single layer are alternately vacuum-assisted-filtered to obtain laminated structures with multiple heterogeneous interfaces. These interfaces generate interface polarization and increase multiple reflection and scattering, resulting in the increased electromagnetic (EM) wave losses. On the other hand, MoS2 outer nanolayers fabricated precisely by ALD effectively increases the absorption proportion of electromagnetic waves, reduces the secondary reflection, and improves the stability of EMI shielding properties. Ultimately, an ultrathin MAM film (a thickness of 0.03 mm) with five alternating internal layers and MoS2 outer layers exhibits an excellent EMI SE of 86.3 dB in the X-band.

Preparation of direct injection waste PE/rubber powder composite modified granules and performance for recycling asphalt

PE/rubber powder composite modified granules were successfully prepared by twin-screw extruder using LDPE recycled material and waste rubber powder as the main raw materials. The preparation technology of rubber-plastic composite modified particles was studied. By controlling the index of melting rate, the composite modified particles suitable for direct injection method are produced. Then the optimal melting state and dispersibility of the composite modified particles in the mixture were studied. The composite modified granules were mixed by the direct injection method and the performance of the extracted and recovered asphalt was tested to determine the optimal mixing process. The experimental results are as follows: according to melt flow rate index, the optimal preparation process of rubber-plastic composite modified particles is determined. The reaction temperature of zones 1–6 of the twin-screw extruder was determined to be 160 °C/180 °C/340 °C/340 °C/200 °C/180 °C. The screw speed of the main engine is determined to be 15r/min. The mesh number of waste rubber powder is determined to be 120 meshes; When the modified particles are added, with the increase of mixing time and other factors, the softening point and ductility of asphalt can be improved, and the penetration can be reduced. At the same time, the phase angle can be reduced in DSR, and the complex shear modulus can be increased; Based on the molten state grade index and asphalt performance index, the optimal mixing process of the modified asphalt mixture was determined. The mixing time is 60 s, the mixing temperature is 180 °C, and the mixing amount is 3 %. Under these conditions, the rubber-plastic composite modified asphalt has excellent performance.

Simulated Greeks for American options

This paper develops a method to estimate price sensitivities, so-called Greeks, for American style options using flexible simulation methods combined with initially dispersed state variables. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied, and convergence of the method is established. A 2-stage method is proposed with an adaptive choice of optimal dispersion of state variables, which controls and balances off the bias of the estimates against their variance. Numerical results show that the method compares exceptionally well to existing alternatives, works well for very reasonable choices of dispersion sizes, regressors, and simulated paths, and it is robust to choices of these parameters. We apply the method to models with time varying volatility, demonstrating that there are large differences between estimated Greeks with affine and non-affine models, that Greeks vary significantly through periods of crisis, and that the errors made when using Greeks implied from, e.g. misspecified models with constant volatility can be extremely large.

Biohybrid lung Development: Towards Complete Endothelialization of an Assembled Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator.

Towards the establishment of a long-term lung-assist device to be used both as a bridge and as an alternative to lung transplantation according to final destination therapy, we develop the biohybrid lung (BHL) on the technical basis of contemporary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Here, to overcome the significant drawbacks of ECMO, in particular the missing hemocompatibility of the artificial surfaces, all blood-contacting areas need to be endothelialized sufficiently. In continuation of our recent accomplishments, demonstrating the feasibility of establishing a physiological acting endothelial cell (EC) monolayer on the hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) of the ECMO in vitro, the next step towards BHL translation is the endothelialization of the complete oxygenator, consisting of HFMs and the surrounding housing. Therefore, we assessed EC seeding inside our model oxygenator (MOx), which simulated the conditions in the assembled HFM oxygenators in order to identify the most important factors influencing efficient endothelialization, such as cell seeding density, cell distribution, incubation time and culture medium consumption. Overall, upon adjusting the concentration of infused ECs to 15.2 × 104/cm2 and ensuring optimal dispersion of cells in the MOx, viable and confluent EC monolayers formed on all relevant surfaces within 24 h, even though they comprised different polymers, i.e., the fibronectin-coated HFMs and the polysulfone MOx housing. Periodic medium change ensured monolayer survival and negligible apoptosis rates comparable to the reference within the assembled system. By means of these results, revealing essential implications for BHL development, their clinical translation is coming one step closer to reality.

Dispersion management dual-pass self-phase modulation-enabled spectral selection

Self-phase modulation-enabled spectral selection (SESS) technology can generate wavelength-tunable femtosecond pulses, and it is expected to replace traditional complex optical parametric oscillators, and thus has attracted much attention. However, the positive dispersion in the fiber leads the modulation depth of the spectral lobes to decrease, while optical wave breaking hinders the spectral broadening. In order to solve the two problems, we propose a dual-pass SESS technology based on dispersion management which optimizes the shape of the front edge and rear edge of the pulse prior to the second pass by introducing negative dispersion, and compresses the pulse width for increasing the peak power of the pulse. The resulting spectrum features broader spectrum with a deeper modulation depth. By numerical simulation, we find that adjusting the value of the second-order dispersion compensated after the single pass, a broader spectral lobe can be obtained than both the single-pass case and the double-pass case without dispersion compensation. To verify our numerical simulation, we conduct experiments by using a 2-cm-long LMA-8 fiber for spectral broadening and several chirped mirrors to provide negative dispersion, which controls the nonlinear evolution of the pulse in the second pass of the LMA-8 fiber. We study the spectral output corresponding to different amounts of dispersion compensation and find that an optimal dispersion value is required to produce a clear and broader spectral lobe. We also investigate the effect of input pulse energy on spectral broadening under the same dispersion compensation conditions. With 15-nJ input pulse energy and –420 fs<sup>2</sup> dispersion compensation, the resulting SESS source delivers 6 nJ, 113-fs pulses with the peak wavelength at 920 nm.

An AI-based approach to improve the fuel properties and performance of nano graphene added straight Karanja oil prepared with optimal dispersion parameters

In this study, a stable nano-graphene oxide added Karanja oil (GKO) was prepared with optimal nano-fluid dispersion parameters. For this, samples were prepared with the selected dosage of graphene oxide (GO) (30–90 ppm), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with GO:SDS ratio of 1:1 to 1:5 and were subjected to ultrasonication stirring for 30–45 min. The stability of nano-fluid dispersions was decided based on zeta potential measurement. The optimal dispersion parameters were obtained using a well-trained radial basis function (RBF) neural network integrated with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The predicted optimal nano-dispersion parameters were 58.3-ppm GO, 180.4 ppm SDS and 38 min ultrasonication time. The viscosity of Karanja oil (KO) and GKO was found within the ASTM limit at 105 °C temperature. The fuel properties of GKO, preheated Karanja oil (PKO) and Karanja oil (KO) were measured by following the latest ASTM standards and found to be comparable with diesel fuel. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the prepared fuel blends in a 10-kW diesel engine. Preheated GKO showed comparable performance with diesel and showed higher BTE (upto11.81%), lesser BSFC (up to 17.72%) and EGT (up to 4.11%) as compared to KO and PKO, respectively.

A novel carbon nanotubes doped natural rubber nanocomposite with balanced dynamic shear properties and energy dissipation for wave energy applications

Mechanical characterizations of natural rubber filled with carbon-based nanomaterials were extensively studied in tensile and tear modes whereas fewer attempts have been conducted on a dynamic shear condition using a double-bonded shear test piece. This is of importance since natural rubbers are widely used as flexible membranes for wave energy harvesting devices. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the microstructural, rheological, and dynamic viscoelastic characteristics of natural rubbers filled with different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) contents. A combined compounding approach was employed to ensure a homogenous CNT dispersion was achieved. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for the materials characterization while the processability and curing parameters of the compounds were investigated using the Mooney viscosity and rheometry test. Dynamic shear properties were compared using a cyclic test performed on a double-bonded shear test piece. TEM images showed that an optimum CNTs dispersion was reached at 3 phr MWCNTs loading whereas increasing CNT content resulted in further inhomogeneity. The addition of CNTs into the natural rubber not only improved the curing properties of the compound, i.e., low scorch and curing times, but it also increased the Mooney viscosity, the rheological properties, and the dynamic shear properties of the nanocomposite compared to the pristine rubber. The Payne and Mullins effects were also observed for all compounds manifesting dependency on the CNTs content and applied strain amplitude. Finally, MWCNT enhanced the dissipated energy of the nanocomposites with respect to the neat rubber in which an increase of 1040 % in energy dissipation for 10 phr MWCNTs compared to the control at a strain amplitude of 200 % was achieved.

The Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the In-Situ Monitoring and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Aqueous Dispersions.

So far, there is no validated technology for characterizing the dispersion and morphology state of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) aqueous dispersions during sonication. Taking advantage of the conductive nature of CNTs, the main hypothesis of the current study is that Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an appropriate technique for the in-situ monitoring and qualification of the dispersion state of CNTs in aqueous media. To confirm our hypothesis, we monitored the Impedance |Z| during the sonication process as a function of type CNTs/admixtures used for the preparation of the aqueous solutions and of crucial process parameters, such as the applied sonication power and duration (i.e., sonication energy). For dispersions above the percolation threshold, a drop of |Z| by approximately seven orders of magnitude was observed, followed by a linear reduction. The dramatic change in |Z| is regarded as an indication of the formation of a conductive path or destruction of an existing one during sonication and can be used to characterize the dispersion and morphology state of CNTs. The results of the EIS provide, straightforwardly and reliably, the required information to create an optimum dispersion protocol for conductive CNT suspensions. The produced dispersions are part of research focusing on the manufacturing of cement-based composite materials with advanced thermoelectric functionalities for energy harvesting. Such dispersions are not only limited to energy harvesting applications but also to applications where functionalities are introduced through the use of conductive-based suspensions.

Molten-State Dielectrophoretic Alignment of EVA/BaTiO3 Thermoplastic Composites: Enhancement of Piezo-Smart Sensor for Medical Application.

Dielectrophoresis has recently been used for developing high performance elastomer-based structured piezoelectric composites. However, no study has yet focused on the development of aligned thermoplastic-based piezocomposites. In this work, highly anisotropic thermoplastic composites, with high piezoelectric sensitivity, are created. Molten-state dielectrophoresis is introduced as an effective manufacturing pathway for the obtaining of an aligned filler structure within a thermoplastic matrix. For this study, Poly(Ethylene-co Vinyl Acetate) (EVA), revealed as a biocompatible polymeric matrix, was combined with barium titanate (BaTiO3) filler, well-known as a lead-free piezoelectric material. The phase inversion method was used to obtain an optimal dispersion of the BaTiO3 within the EVA thermoplastic matrix. The effect of the processing parameters, such as the poling electric field and the filler content, were analyzed via dielectric spectroscopy, piezoelectric characterization, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal behavior of the matrix was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). Thermoplastic-based structured composites have numerous appealing advantages, such as recyclability, enhanced piezoelectric activity, encapsulation properties, low manufacturing time, and being light weight, which make the developed composites of great novelty, paving the way for new applications in the medical field, such as integrated sensors adaptable to 3D printing technology.

Confinement, chaotic transport, and trapping of active swimmers in time-periodic flows.

Microorganisms encounter complex unsteady flows, including algal blooms in marine settings, microbial infections in airways, and bioreactors for vaccine and biofuel production. Here, we study the transport of active swimmers in two-dimensional time-periodic flows using Langevin simulations and experiments with swimming bacteria. We find that long-term swimmer transport is controlled by two parameters, the pathlength of the unsteady flow and the normalized swimmer speed. The pathlength nonmonotonically controls swimmer dispersion dynamics, giving rise to three distinct dispersion regimes. Weak flows hinder swimmer transport by confining cells toward flow manifolds. As pathlength increases, chaotic transport along flow manifolds initiates, maximizing the number of unique flow cells traveled. Last, strong flows trap swimmers at the vortex core, suppressing dispersal. Experiments with Vibrio cholerae showed qualitative agreement with model dispersion patterns. Our results reveal that nontrivial chaotic transport can arise in simple unsteady flows and suggest a potentially optimal dispersal strategy for microswimmers in nature.

DFT insights into the origin of d0 ferromagnetism, mechanical stability, elastic, and acoustic anisotropy in AZrO3 (A= K, rb, Cs) cubic perovskites

The d0 ferromagnetism through hole induction can be realized in oxide perovskites. The electronic and magnetic properties of AZrO3 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) cubic perovskites have been computationally analyzed using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) potentials. From the evaluation of tolerance factor, volume optimization, formation energy, and phonon dispersion, their structural, magnetic, and dynamical stabilities in the ferromagnetic cubic phase have been verified. Additionally, Blackman's and Every's diagrams ensure their elastic stability without any symmetry-breaking phase transitions. The three-dimensional surfaces of elastic moduli and acoustic wave velocities indicate the degree of anisotropy in these perovskites. The compounds become more ductile for larger alkali cations. The band structures from both functionals confirm that the localized magnetic moments around oxygen atoms arise only from the exchange spin splitting of O-2p orbitals. The integer magnetic moment of 1 μB and complete spin polarization implies the presence of half-metallic ferromagnetism. Among the proposed compounds, the predicted mean-field curie temperature of CsZrO3 is above room temperature and may serve as optimal magnetic layers in spin-valve sensors and magnetic tunnel junctions.

Surface Treatment of Polylactic Acid Fiber by Starch Nanocrystals and Interface Modification of Polylactic Acid Fiber-Reinforced Starch Composites

The surface of polylactic acid fiber (PLAF) was treated with self - manufactured starch nanocrystals (SNCs) to improve its interfacial adhesion with the starch matrix. Determination of optimum dispersion conditions of SNCs dispersion by transmittance. The effects of direct oscillatory deposition, chemical grafting SNCs modification, and SNCs dispersion concentration on the surface treatment effect of PLAF and its interfacial bonding with starch matrix were investigated. The results showed that the SNCs were successfully introduced into the PLAF surface, moreover, the modifying effect of the chemical grafted SNCs was better than the direct oscillatory deposition, the distribution of SNCs particles was more uniform on the fiber surface, strong chemical bonding to the fiber surface, make up for the surface damage of the fibers caused by aminolysis. At the SNCs dispersion concentration of 10 g/L, the PLAF tensile strength could be maintained at 582 MPa, a large amount of starch was evenly attached to the surface after pulling out. It showed that a strong interface bond with the starch matrix, the highest IFSS value was 2.57 MPa and the increase was by about 63 %. Therefore, the introduction of SNCs for interfacial modification of PLAF is of great significance and deserves further exploration.

Lightweight, flexible, and highly conductive recycled carbon fiber felt for electromagnetic interference shielding

With the explosive growth of electrocommunication and portable electronics, exploiting the superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with the desired flexibility and lightweight is critical. Herein, the waste carbon fibers (CFs) eco-friendly recycling strategy and a facile and cost-effective paper-making method are utilized to prepare recycled carbon fiber felt (rCFF) decorated with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) (rCFF/CPAM). Profiting from the inherent excellent conductivity of lossless recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) and optimum rCFs dispersion in CPAM, the abundant efficient pathways are constructed in the 3D interconnected rCFF/CPAM networks, resulting in the rCFF/CPAM exhibits a remarkable electrical conductivity of 140.06 S/m, a highly efficient EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 66.15 dB and an exceptional of SEA/SET ratio of 83.8 % at 0.875 mm. More importantly, the felt also contains the advantages of outstanding flexibility, lightweight and sustainable re-utilization. In summary, this strategy provides an economical and practical way to manufacture the superior performance rCFF/CAPM, but also promotes the high value recycle and reuse of waste carbon fiber resources.

Effect of pressure on structural, electronic dispersion relations, optical and thermoelectric properties of CsNbO3 perovskite for photovoltaic and energy applications

The perovskites have not only been recognized for memory devices and spintronic applications but are equally important for the thermoelectric response calculations. In this research work, the effect of pressure on structural, electronic dispersion curves, optical and thermoelectric parameters of CsNbO3 cubic perovskite have been investigated by using the pseudopotential approach alongside the Boltzmann transport theory. The CsNbO3 was reported stable in simple cubic structure by means of energy-volume optimization and phonon dispersion curves by B. Sabir et. al. CsNbO3 is reported as the direct band gap semiconductor with band gap around 1.95 eV at ambient pressure. Interestingly the band gap decrease with the increase in the pressure. The absence of negative phonon frequency shows the dynamical stability of this material under pressure. The analysis of imaginary part of dielectric response function predicts the utility of this perovskite in high frequency microwave sensors as well as the optoelectronic devices like optical sensors and interconnects. Further, the thermoelectric parameters such as Seebeck coefficient (S), electronic part of thermal conductivity (κe/τ), electrical conductivity (σ/τ) and power factor (PF) have been discussed within a specific temperature and pressure range (300–1200 K) and (10–50 GPa) respectively. The calculated values of power factor and optical constants prove it a potential candidate for thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications.