In today's increasingly frequent human-computer interaction, the accurate recognition and response of intelligent systems to human emotions has become the key to improving the user experience. This paper aims to explore the application of physiological signals and facial expression synchronization analysis in emotion recognition. This paper adopts the method of literature review, and summarizes the acquisition techniques of physiological signals and facial expressions, synchronous analysis methods, and their application cases in emotion recognition. At the same time, the limitations and challenges of the existing technology are discussed. The review shows that the synchronous analysis of physiological signals and facial expressions has important application value in the field of emotion recognition, especially in mental health monitoring, educational feedback, and customer service automation. However, the practical application of the technology still faces many challenges, including the real-time nature of data collection, the adaptability of individual differences, and other identification problems. Therefore, future research needs to further optimize data acquisition technology and develop more accurate and personalized analysis algorithms.