Propagation In Optical Fibers Research Articles

Solitons, breathers and rogue waves for the coupled Fokas–Lenells system via Darboux transformation

In this paper, a vector generalization of the Fokas–Lenells system, which describes for nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers by retaining terms up to the next leading asymptotic order, is investigated. Higher-order soliton, breather, and rogue wave solutions of the coupled Fokas–Lenells system are derived via the n-fold Darboux transformation. Meanwhile the dynamic characteristics of those solitary wave solutions have been discussed.

Supercontinuum generation in highly birefringent dual-mode fiber

We present experimental analysis of supercontinuum generation obtained for highly birefringent and highly nonlinear dual-mode fiber. A specific difference between the zero dispersion wavelength of fundamental mode and higher order mode in such fiber gives possibility of a normal and an anomalous dispersion regime pumping, depending on the mode, which is excited. The nonlinear effects responsible for the generation of broadband spectrum of the light are analyzed when the fiber is pumped by the pulse pump source operating at the wavelength of 1064nm. Full Text: PDF References J. M. Dudley, G. Goëry, and C. Stéphane, "Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber", Reviews of modern physics 78(4), 1135 (2006). CrossRef J. C. Knight, and D. V. Skryabin, "Nonlinear waveguide optics and photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express, 15(23), 15365-15376 (2007). CrossRef Z. Holdynski et al., "Experimental study of dispersion characteristics for a series of microstructured fibers for customized supercontinuum generation", Opt. Express 21(6), 7107-7117 (2013). CrossRef M. Napierala et al., "Influence of photonic crystal fiber manufacturing inaccuracies on supercontinuum generation", SPIE Photonics Europe, International Society for Optics and Photonics, p. 91361M-91361M-6 (2014). CrossRef J. M. Dudley, and J. R. Taylor: Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers (Cambridge University Press, 2010). CrossRef P. Falk, M. H. Frosz, and O. Bang, "Supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber with two zero-dispersion wavelengths tapered to normal dispersion at all wavelengths", Opt. Express 13(19), 7535?7540 (2005). CrossRef A. Hartung, A. M. Heidt, and H. Bartelt, "Design of all-normal dispersion microstructured optical fibers for pulse-preserving supercontinuum generation", Opt. Express, 19, 7742-7749 (2011). CrossRef B. Jinendra, K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, "Optical properties of high-delta air?silica microstructure optical fibers", Opt. Lett., 25, 796-798 (2000). CrossRef J. C. Knight et al., "Anomalous dispersion in photonic crystal fiber", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12(7), 807?809 (2000). CrossRef T. Tenderenda et al., "Fibre Bragg Gratings written in highly birefringent microstructured fiber as very sensitive strain sensors", SPIE Photonics Europe, International Society for Optics and Photonics, p. 84260D-84260D-8 (2012). CrossRef T. Tenderenda et al., "Highly birefringent dual-mode microstructured fiber with enhanced polarimetric strain sensitivity of the second order mode", Opt. Express, 20, 26996-27002 (2012). CrossRef K. Stepien et al., "Fiber Bragg gratings in hole-assisted multicore fiber for space division multiplexing", Opt. Lett., 39, 3571-3574 (2014). CrossRef http://www.lumerical.com/tcad-products/mode/. DirectLink

The Interaction Picture method for solving the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation in optics

The “interaction picture” (IP) method is a very promising alternative to Split-Step methods for solving certain type of partial differential equations such as the nonlinear Schrodinger equation used in the simulation of wave propagation in optical fibers. The method exhibits interesting convergence properties and is likely to provide more accurate numerical results than cost comparable Split-Step methods such as the Symmetric Split-Step method. In this work we investigate in detail the numerical properties of the IP method and carry out a precise comparison between the IP method and the Symmetric Split-Step method.

Temperature dependence of light power propagation in bending plastic optical fiber

Abstract This study investigates the effect of temperature variation on the light power propagation in bending plastic optical fiber (POF). The transmittance of bending POFs with curvature radius of 2–30 mm and turns of 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 2 are measured over temperature of 20–70 °C. The temperature dependent loss of the bending POF is obtained. It is found that the temperature dependent loss of the bending POF changes with curvature radius and turns. The temperature effect reaches the highest value of 0.011 dB/°C with 2 turns, and is less than 0.002 dB/°C with curvature radius greater than 25 mm.

New travelling wave solutions of the (1 + 1)-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation using novel (G′/G)-expansion method

In this paper, the novel (G′/G)-expansion method is applied to construct exact travelling wave solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. This technique is straightforward and simple to use, and gives more new general solutions than the other existing methods. Various types of solitary and periodic wave solutions of this equation are derived. The obtained results may be helpful to describe the wave propagation in soliton physics, such as soliton propagation in optical fibers, modulus instability in plasma physics, etc. and provided us the firm mathematical foundation in soliton physics or any varied instances. Furthermore, three-dimensional modules plot of the solutions are also given to visualize the dynamics of the equation.

V-shaped dark solitons in inhomogeneous optical fibers

Soliton control offers novel conceptual opportunities for all-optical shaping, switching and routing of optical signals encoded in soliton formats. In this paper, V-shaped dark solitons propagation in inhomogeneous optical fibers are investigated to carry out soliton control. Analytic dark soliton solutions for the variable coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation are obtained with the Hirota method. The group velocity dispersion coefficient of inhomogeneous optical fibers is chosen to be the tanh function, and the influences of corresponding parameters are analyzed. Results might be of potential applications in the design of all optical switches and pulse signal converters in ultra-fast optics.

Simulation of Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers

A theoretical model was developed for light pulses propagating in optical fibers by considering the nonlinear effects, the self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion effects. The split step Fourier method was used to generate soliton pulses in a fiber composed of a glass core surrounded by a cladding layer. Gaussian and hyperbolic secant input pulses were used for the simulation. By varying the initial chirp, input power and nonlinear coefficient for an input Gaussian pulse at wavelength of λ =1.55μm with initial pulse width 125ps for second order dispersion β2=−20 ps2 km-1 , nonlinear parameter γ=3W-1kg-1 and initial chirp C=−0.25 two near soliton pulses were generated for input powers P = 0.54mW and P = 0.64mW and a perfect soliton for the hyperbolic secant input pulse.

INVITED] Self-induced polarization tracking, tunneling effect and modal attraction in optical fiber

In this paper, we report the observation and exploitation of the capability of light to self-organize its state-of-polarization, upon propagation in optical fibers, by means of a device called Omnipolarizer. The principle of operation of this system consists in a counter-propagating four-wave mixing interaction between an incident signal and its backward replica generated at the fiber output thanks to a reflective fiber loop. We have exploited this self-induced polarization tracking phenomenon for all-optical data processing and successfully demonstrated the spontaneous repolarization of a 40-Gbit/s On–Off keying optical signal without noticeable impairments. Moreover, the strong local coupling between the two counter-propagating waves has also revealed a fascinating aspect of the Omnipolarizer called polarization-based tunneling effect. This intrinsic property enables us to instantaneously let “jump” a polarization information onto the reflected signal, long before the expected time-of-flight induced by the round-trip along the fiber span. Finally, we discuss how the concept of self-organization could be generalized to multimode fibers, which paves the way to new important applications in the framework of spatial-mode-multiplexing.

Simulation of Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers

A theoretical model was developed for light pulses propagating in optical fibers by considering the nonlinear effects, the self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion effects. The split step Fourier method was used to generate soliton pulses in a fiber composed of a glass core surrounded by a cladding layer. Gaussian and hyperbolic secant input pulses were used for the simulation. By varying the initial chirp, input power and nonlinear coefficient for an input Gaussian pulse at wavelength of λ =1.55μm with initial pulse width 125ps for second order dispersion β2=−20 ps2km-1, nonlinear parameter γ=3W-1kg-1and initial chirp C=−0.25 two near soliton pulses were generated for input powers P = 0.54mW and P = 0.64mW and a perfect soliton for the hyperbolic secant input pulse.

New generation of optical fibres

The growing need for information in contemporary society is the motivating force behind the development of fibre optics in general and optical fibre communications in particular. Intensive research effort has been concentrated on designing new types of optical fibres and extending their application field. This paper reviews results of research on new types of optical fibres: bismuth-doped active fibres, multicore fibres and hollow-core fibres, which can be used as key components of systems that ensure further increase in optical information transfer rate.

All-Optical Signal Processing Based on Self-Induced Polarization Control in Optical Fibers

In this contribution, we review our recent progress on the all-optical control of the state-of-polarization of light in optical fibers upon propagation in a system called Omnipolarizer. More precisely, in this device we exploit the unexpected capability of light to self-organize its own state-of-polarization, upon propagation in optical fibers, into universal and environmentally robust states. The underlying physical mechanism consists in a nonlinear cross-polarization feedback interaction between an arbitrary polarized incident signal and its own counter-propagating replica generated at the fiber end by means of a reflective element. Depending on the power ratio between the two waves, e.g., the reflective coefficient, this nonlinear self-repolarization phenomenon offers a rich variety of dynamics for which we have highlighted three main working regimes identified by first a bistable operating regime, a polarization alignment process as well as a genuine chaotic behavior. We have fully characterized these three operating regimes with an excellent agreement between numerical and experimental results. Moreover, beyond the fundamental aspect of these first studies, we have then exploited this self-induced repolarization phenomenon in order to implement several proof-of-principles for all-optical signal processing. In particular, we have successfully demonstrated the spontaneous repolarization of a 10-Gb/s return-to-zero optical signal without noticeable impairments. The bistability and associated hysteresis properties of the Omnipolarizer have been also exploited to implement an optical flip-flop memory as well as a 10-Gb/s polarization-based data packet router. Finally, we have taken advantage of the chaotic dynamics of our device to demonstrate an all-optical scrambler enabling truly chaotic polarization diversity for 10-Gb/s on/off keying wavelength division multiplexing applications.

Evolution of finite energy Airy pulses and soliton generation in optical fibers with cubic-quintic nonlinearity.

We numerically simulate the propagation of finite energy Airy pulses in optical fibers with cubic-quintic nonlinearity and analyze the effects of quintic nonlinear parameters and soliton order number on their evolution properties. The soliton pulses are observed, whose peak amplitudes and corresponding temporal positions will vary with the propagation distance. Depending on different quintic nonlinearity parameters and soliton order number, the soliton pulse temporal positions exhibit weak decayed oscillations and then nearly linearly shift to leading or trailing edge of the Airy wavepacket, or tend to fixed positions, and the peak amplitudes also exhibit decayed oscillations but with different oscillation amplitude and central values. For large soliton order number, the soliton pulses are considerably compressed. Other weak dispersive wave pulses will appear near the main soliton pulses and gradually depart from the main soliton pulses. In the case of small soliton order, despite their considerable energy attenuation, the main lobes and even minority of the neighboring side lobes of the Airy pulses can still recover from the energy transfer to the soliton pulses and the dispersive wave pulses and maintain their unique properties of self-healing and self-acceleration in time for a very long distance. In the case of large soliton order, however, the Airy wavepacket only remains its very weak background and even disappears quickly.

SPIP: A computer program implementing the Interaction Picture method for simulation of light-wave propagation in optical fibre

The computer program spip is aimed at solving the Generalized Non-Linear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE), involved in optics e.g. in the modelling of light-wave propagation in an optical fibre, by the Interaction Picture method, a new efficient alternative method to the Symmetric Split-Step method. In the spip program a dedicated costless adaptive step-size control based on the use of a 4th order embedded Runge–Kutta method is implemented in order to speed up the resolution. Program summaryProgram title: SPIPCatalogue identifier: AEYQ_v1_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEYQ_v1_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Free software CeCILL license (see www.cecill.info/index.en.html)No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 81174No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6296651Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: C.Computer: Desktop computer.Operating system: Linux, MS Windows.RAM: 8 Giga bytesClassification: 4.12, 18.External routines:FFTW, a C subroutine library for computing the discrete Fourier transform, see [1] and http://www.fftw.org. Gnuplot, a portable command-line driven graphing utility, see [2] and http://www.gnuplot.info.Nature of problem: The program solves the Generalized Non-Linear Schrödinger Equation (GNLSE) which occurs in the field of non-linear optics as a model of wave propagation in fibre optics.Solution method: The GNLSE is solved by the Interaction Picture method coupled with an embedded Runge–Kutta scheme of order 4. The program includes a costless adaptive step-size control strategy taking advantage of the features of an embedded Runge–Kutta scheme designed for delivering a local error estimate at no extra-cost compared to the standard 4th order Runge–Kutta scheme.Running time: Highly dependent on the fibre length and accuracy required for the results. Typically between half a minute and several dozens of minutes.

Analysis of the Performance of a PAM/PPM/OOK System Operating with OCDMA, under Nonlinear Optical Effects in Optical Fiber Propagation

AbstractIn this article, we present a numerical simulation study of encoding, decoding and propagation performance of short optical pulses and words with modulations OOK, PAM and PPM in OCDMA systems (Optical Code Division Multiple Access). The encoding and decoding of short pulses are obtained through fiber Bragg grating(FBG – FBG optical) devices, where the codes are inserted through discrete jumps in the optical phase (±

Dense Space-Division Multiplexed Transmission Systems Using Multi-Core and Multi-Mode Fiber

In this paper, we describe recent progress in space-division multiplexed (SDM) transmission, and our proposal and demonstration of dense space-division multiplexing (DSDM), which offers the possibility of ultra-high capacity SDM transmission systems with high spatial density and spatial channel count of over 30 per fiber. We introduce the SDM transmission matrix, which cross indexes the various types of multi-core multi-mode transmissions according to the type of light propagation in optical fibers and how the spatial channels are handled in the network. For each category in the matrix, we present the latest advances in transmission studies, and evaluate their transmission performance by spectral and spatial efficiencies. We also expound on technologies for multi-core and/or multi-mode transmission including optical fiber, signal processing, spatial multi/demultiplexer, and amplifier, which will play key roles in configuring DSDM transmission systems, and review the first DSDM transmission experiment over a 12 core × 3 mode fiber.

Approximation solutions of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with computational applications by variational method

The derivative nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) equation is a nonlinear dispersive model that appears in the description of wave propagation in a plasma. The existence of a Lagrangian and the invariant variational principle for two coupled equations are given. The two coupled equations is describing the nonlinear evolution of the Alfven wave with magnetosonic waves at much larger scale. A type of the coupled DNLS equations is studied by means of symbolic computation, which can describe the wave propagation in birefringent optical fibers. The functional integral corresponding to those equations is derived. We investigate the approximation solutions of the DNLS equation by choice of a trial function in the region of the rectangular box in two cases. By using this trial functions, the functional integral and the Lagrangian of the system without loss are found. The general case for the two-box potential can be obtained on the basis of a different ansatz, where we approximate the Jost function by series in the tanh function method instead of the piece-wise linear function.

Supercontinuum generation as a signal amplifier

Supercontinuum white-light generation in optical fibers is a process that is known for its extreme sensitivity toward fluctuations of the input pulses, giving rise to a strong amplification of input noise. Such noise amplification has been recognized as a detrimental effect that prevents compression of the broad white-light spectra into a few-cycle pulse. Here, we show that the same effect can be exploited to amplify and recover faint modulation signals to an extent that seems impossible with any electronic method. We experimentally demonstrate the deterministic amplification of faint amplitude modulation signals by up to 60 dB. As we show from numerical simulations, this amplification process arises from the interaction dynamics between solitons and dispersive radiation in the fiber. The resulting all-optic signal restoration provides a new photonic building block that enables signal processing at virtually unlimited processing speeds.

Color controllable polarization entanglement generation in optical fiber at telecommunication wavelengths.

This article proposes a polarized entangled photon source in optical fiber with low Raman noise that features the controllable generation of specific signal and idler wavelengths (colors) by varying the pump power. The novel two color source can provide needed telecom entangled photon wavelengths for applications in quantum communications, quantum computing, and quantum imaging.

Engineering deceleration and acceleration of soliton emitted from Airy pulse with quadratic phase modulation in optical fibers without high-order effects.

Soliton propagation direction can be engineered in optical fibers in the presence of high-order effects (HOEs). It is well known that Raman effects can decelerate the soliton. Here we investigate the manipulation of the deceleration or acceleration of soliton emitted from Airy pulse whose spectrum is imposed an initial quadratic phase modulation (QPM) in optical fibers in the absence of HOEs. We show that, under the action of the anomalous second-order dispersion (SOD) and Kerr nonlinearity, Airy pulse with QPM is able to emit soliton with acceleration or deceleration depending on whether the QPM is negative or positive, and at a rate that is determined by the magnitude of QPM. The reason is that the acceleration behaviors of incident Airy pulse is altered depending on whether SOD and QPM have the same or opposite signs. Our study shows the possibility of controlling and manipulating the soliton propagation and interaction in optical fibers without HOEs, by purposely choosing appropriate QPM parameter of an Airy pulse.

The Solutions of the equations of pulse propagation in optical fibers

We have found a solution of the optical pulses propagation equation in optical fibers in quadratures. We have derived an expanded equation of optical pulses propagation in silica optical fibers and found its localized solution. The derived solution of the extended equation of optical pulses propagation in optical fibers for arbitrary function of the nonlinear medium response to an external harmonic disturbance has been found in quadratures.