Opposite Approach Research Articles

Direct Photon Production in High-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions within the Integrated Hydrokinetic Model

The results on description of direct photon yields, transverse momentum spectra, and flow harmonics, measured in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for different collision centrality classes, analyzed within the Integrated Hydrokinetic Model (iHKM) are reviewed. The iHKM simulation results, corresponding to the two opposite approaches to the matter evolution treatment at the final stage of the system’s expansion within the model, namely, the chemically equilibrated and the chemically frozen evolution, are compared. The so-called “direct photon puzzle” is addressed, and its possible solution, suggesting the account for additional photon emission at confinement, is considered.

Science with or without statistics: Discover-generalize-replicate? Discover-replicate-generalize?

Overstated generalizability (external validity) is common in research. It may coexist with inflation of the magnitude and statistical support for effects and dismissal of internal validity problems. Generalizability may be secured before attempting replication of proposed discoveries or replication may precede efforts to generalize. These opposite approaches may decrease or increase, respectively, the use of inferential statistics with advantages and disadvantages.

ВОПРОСЫ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ВУЗОВСКОГО КУРСА МЕТОДИКИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИГРЕ НА ФОРТЕПИАНО

The article deals with the topical issues of improving the university course "Methods of Teaching Piano Playing" at the present stage. The author of the article, who has been leading this course at the Moscow Conservatory for over 35 years and is the author of the acting course Programme, recommended by the Educational and Methodological Association of Higher Educational Institutions of the Russian Federation for Music Education [12], justifies the special role of the course in the current conditions and offers new original approaches to mastering a diverse set of necessary methodological knowledge realizing optimal activity of students not only in working with pupils, but also in their independent work. The author suggests, on the one hand, to enrich the traditional topics of the course with more capacious content through a wider coverage of diverse, including opposite methodological approaches, to boldly show a varied multiplicity in solving different methodological problems and, thereby, to give the course a more multidimensional, multipolar character. On the other hand, in response to today's requests, the expansion of the problem field of the course and the introduction of new topics, such as "Mimicry and Gestures of a Pianist", "Formation of a Performing Concept", "Methods of Creating a Soloist Cadenza" and others are motivated.

ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF ENTERPRISES

A comparative analysis of accounting information systems and management information systems of enterprises was conducted. Their essence, components and structure are considered. The range of each system is established. The functions of the accounting information system are distinguished: data acquisition and storage, transformation of data into useful information, establishment of control. The notions of subsystems of accounting information system are systematized: the division into financial and management accounting, or a set of cost cycles, income, production, human resources and financing. The tools that affect information systems during its implementation at the enterprise (quantitative methods, behavioral analysis, quality management technology, re-engineering) are identified. Structured subsystems of information management system in accordance with its functionality: marketing, finance, human resources and production, indicate the flow of input and output information. Ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the company's activities by using information systems are presented. The common features of management and accounting information systems (main components, subsystems, goals) and differences between them (directions of information flows, circle of users, data composition) are systematized. Links between management and accounting systems are shown graphically. The types of relations between them – inclusion of one into the other, partial intersection and transformation of one into the other – are investigated). The existence of two approaches is proved. The general approach, where the management information system includes the entire enterprise together with other information systems, including the accounting information system. According to the opposite approach, the management system is subordinate to the accounting information system. The type of connection is determined by the goals of information system implementation and the scale of the enterprise. It has been proven that the best connection between information systems is a partial overlap of one system with another.

Культурно-гуманитарные отношения Германии и Намибии: опыт преодоления колониализма

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of German colonialism on the example of South-West Africa (the territory of modern Namibia), as well as the current state of German-Namibian relations in this area. An attempt is made to answer the question of Germany’s readiness to recognize “moral responsibility” for the genocide of the Herero and Nama in Namibia during the colonial period. The stages of the formation and development of German colonialism are analyzed, the consequences for modern German-Namibian relations are estimated. Taking into account the fact that Germany turned out to be one of the last countries to become a metropolis, it had to face not only the internal problems observed in the colonies, but also the resistance of France and Great Britain, who rightly claim leading positions on the African continent. The novelty of the study is the assessment of the efforts of a European country to neutralize the consequences of the colonial period. The theoretical basis of the research is the concepts of neocolonialism and anti-colonialism, the main supporters of both conceptual directions are given, the analysis of their conjugation in the foreign policy course of modern Germany is given. Against the background of the study of the history of German colonialism and the cause-and-effect relationships of the refusal of official recognition of the Herero and Nama genocide, the arguments in favor of anti-colonial or neocolonialist concepts are revealed. The cultural and humanitarian sphere is the catalyst of the analysis due to the fact that it is de-ideologized and can be evaluated without secondary variables. It is the German view of the colonial and anti-colonial concepts that can help to find a balance between diametrically opposite approaches to the post-colonial period in the history of Africa. The author comes to the conclusion that the cultural and humanitarian policy of Germany in relation to South-West Africa and subsequently Namibia is an example of the dichotomous contradictions between the country's desire to maintain its influence on the former colonies and the need to help the once enslaved countries. Also of interest is the internal political discourse in Germany, whose political parties ambiguously assess the need to provide cultural and humanitarian assistance to Namibia, as well as the recognition of the Herero and Nama genocide.

Интересы Румынии в Юго-Восточной Европе и взаимоотношения с Турцией

The article deals with Romania’s foreign policy vectors in South-Eastern Europe regarding its membership in NATO and in the European Union. It is noted that the main foreign policy vector of Bucharest in the region is an alignment with the Republic of Moldova and a prospect of these two states uniting. The role of Romania is presented in a platform for negotiations which is the South-Eastern European Cooperation Process (SEECP), in the Three Seas Initiative, the Bucharest Nine Initiative and in the Romania –Poland– Turkey trilateral dialogue. The place of the Black Sea region in ambitions of the Romanian leadership and its significance in a strategic partnership between Romania and the Republic of Turkey are revealed. The author notes that the Balkans are not a priority vector of Romanian foreign policy, but the Western Balkan states are always present in Bucharest’s objects of attention, since here, as well as in the Black Sea region, global players are present, including Russia, a country Romania’s relations with has been in a critical condition for many years. In regards to the Romania’s relations with the Western Balkan countries, cooperation between Romania and Serbia stands out. Despite the pressure from Brussels, Romania supports Serbia in not wanting to tolerate the self-declared independence of Kosovo. Different approaches to policies of the Russian Federation are the reason behind the inconsistencies in the Romanian-Serbian relations. Romania does not possess enough recourses to lead an independent activity in the Balkans region and it mainly integrates in the policy of the European Union and the USA. Turkey pursues a policy of increasing its influence in the Balkans, with the cultural strategy of reconstruction of the Turkic world being one of the evident manifestations of the policy. The Romanian leadership abstains from any comment on this topic. Having not the same weight in world politics, Romania and Turkey на декларативном уровне demonstrate complete trust in one another and mutual understanding on a declarative level, but, according to the analysis of foreign policy platforms and partners’ particular political acts, their relations develop in the context of varying and sometimes even opposite approaches to a list of crucial international events.

LOCAL AND AUTOCEPHALOUS CHURCHES: CANONICAL JUSTIFICATION AND TRADITION

The article considers the basic principles and mechanisms of functioning of the church-administrative system of government of the Ecumenical Church. It is established that two opposing ecclesiological traditions (Greek and Slavic) were gradually formed, which testify to the lack of Unity and Conciliarism. The formation of two approaches to understanding the structure of the system of universal Orthodoxy was the reason for only a partial presence at the Great All-Orthodox Council in 2016. The article argues that in the Orthodox tradition there is no generally accepted interpretation of the interdependence of the principle of locality and the autocephalous status of churches. It is proved that the autocephalous church is always local, but the modern ecclesiological interpretation of locality does not automatically lead to the acquisition of autocephalous status. It is proved that the apostles and their closest disciples did not know and did not foresee any other principle of the existence of the Ecumenical Church than autocephaly. It is emphasized that such a mechanism of church government was based on the territorial principle. It is pointed out that such a division underlies the concept of locality in the Ecumenical Church. It is established that the study of the problem of autocephaly today is a key task of world Orthodoxy. Since the founding of Christianity, autocephaly has been a basic principle of apostolic preaching, which took into account the national and ethnic characteristics of the population of the Roman Empire. Autocephaly is one of the oldest institutions of the Church, which is a defining feature of Orthodoxy today. For two thousand years, this phenomenon remained unchanged, but there were different, even radically opposite approaches to understanding it. Because the theory of autocephaly emerges with Christianity, it is not an imposed or borrowed institution, but the very essence of Orthodoxy, the way it exists. It is claimed that the Ecumenical Church, being united in essence, is divided into independent Local Churches on an administrative and national basis. On a universal scale, the Orthodox Church testifies to the unity of the churches through the Eucharist. Every Local Church is already self-sufficient, for it has the fullness of the grace of the Holy Spirit, but through the Eucharist and the Councils the unity of the Universal Scale is expressed. Key words: cathedral, church, autocephaly, ecclesiology, canon law, patriarch, parish, metropolitan.

Location determinants city logistics centers in the concept of sustainable development

The decision-making processes for planning an environmentally compatible infrastructure are extremely complex, as are the logistics processes themselves. The concepts for the location of urban logistics centers have been compared with the ecological danger zones in Poland. In this way, areas with a high degree of environmental degradation, particularly unfavorable from the point of view of the location of new logistics centers, were identified. The decision on the location of the planned project should be made on the basis of a previously developed, special procedure for the assessment of investment implementation and its impact on the natural environment. The aim of the study is to indicate the infrastructure of city logistics centers as one of the necessary and most effective factors determining sustainable development. As a rule, infrastructure can be created in two ways. The first one recommends building the enterprise, and then its infrastructure, while the second one recommends the opposite approach. From the point of view of the infrastructure of sustainable development, the second approach seems appropriate, allowing for the effective implementation of the sustainable development strategy. The first approach may only lead to a decline in the meaning of the concept of sustainable development in the mentality and social awareness. The variety of approaches in the literature on the subject defining the concept of sustainable development infrastructure covers both the area of ​​economy, society and the environment. Significant from the point of view of future generations seems to be the environmental aspect related to the creation of urban logistics centers in the era of sustainable development. One of the essential properties of the natural environment is equilibrium, which occurs when the outflow and supply of energy and matter in nature are balanced. The natural environment is in constant interaction with humans, in order to prevent its gradation, measures are taken to prevent damage to the physical environment or natural resources, there are also activities aimed at reducing the risk of losses or encouraging the efficient use of natural resources, including measures to save energy and use renewable energy sources.

Marin Getaldić – preteča novovjekovnog pristupa istraživanju prirode

Marin Getaldić – preteča novovjekovnog pristupa istraživanju prirode

KOSELLECK ON “HISTORIES” VERSUS “HISTORY”; OR, HISTORICAL ONTOLOGY VERSUS HISTORICAL EPISTEMOLOGY

ABSTRACTThe theme of this journal issue deals with the opposition between what can be said to be the “inside” and the “outside” of a culture or a civilization, a question that can be approached in different ways. To begin with, one may ask whether certain anthropological constants can be discerned in all of humanity or, to take the opposite approach, whether civilizations possess certain cultural features that are unique to them. An approach focusing on certain anthropological constants gives us access to an “inside” shared by all of humanity, whereas the latter approach is part of how a civilization demarcates itself from its “outside.” How “inside” and “outside” relate to each other had best be investigated historically, since cultural and social differentiation grow historically out of the common soil of anthropological constants. This article focuses on Reinhart Koselleck's oeuvre to illustrate this claim. Why Koselleck? To begin with, one may find in his work an “inside” defined in terms of a philosophical anthropology and a culturally defined “outside,” both of which he contrasts in an original and thought‐provoking way. As I will argue, the contrast runs parallel to the one between historical ontology and historical epistemology that can be discerned in Koselleck's writings. I will show how the dichotomy between ontology and epistemology reappears in his notion of the saddle time (Sattelzeit)—that is, the period in which Western modern historical writing was born. Prior to the saddle time, history was seen as the product of the anthropological constants of human nature, but afterward, these constants had to give way to the belief in a historical development requiring a historical epistemology to achieve historical truth. This is how the “inside” (ontology) and the “outside” (epistemology) are interwoven in Koselleck's notion of the Sattelzeit. In sum, ontology provides an interculturally shared “inside,” whereas epistemology divides it into as many “insides” as there are different civilizations.

Expressing Personality Through Non-verbal Behaviour in Real-Time Interaction.

The attribution of traits plays an important role as a heuristic for how we interact with others. Many psychological models of personality are analytical in that they derive a classification from reported or hypothesised behaviour. In the work presented here, we follow the opposite approach: Our personality model generates behaviour that leads an observer to attribute personality characteristics to the actor. Concretely, the model controls all relevant aspects of non-verbal behaviour such as gaze, facial expression, gesture, and posture. The model, embodied in a virtual human, affords to realistically interact with participants in real-time. Conceptually, our model focuses on the two dimensions of extra/introversion and stability/neuroticism. In the model, personality parameters influence both, the internal affective state as well as the characteristic of the behaviour execution. Importantly, the parameters of the model are based on empirical findings in the behavioural sciences. To evaluate our model, we conducted two types of studies. Firstly, passive experiments where participants rated videos showing variants of behaviour driven by different personality parameter configurations. Secondly, presential experiments where participants interacted with the virtual human, playing rounds of the Rock-Paper-Scissors game. Our results show that the model is effective in conveying the impression of the personality of a virtual character to users. Embodying the model in an artificial social agent capable of real-time interactive behaviour is the only way to move from an analytical to a generative approach to understanding personality, and we believe that this methodology raises a host of novel research questions in the field of personality theory.

Three dimensional visualization of simulations of liquids and solids

Visualization in three dimensions is invaluable for understanding the nature of condensed and fluid systems, but it is not always easy. In nature it is hard to view sample interiors, but on computers it is possible. We describe and contrast two opposite approaches - “smoke” visualization for viewing interiors of liquid samples and interactive WebGL for solids and molecules. Both are extensions of earlier Technion Computational Physics group projects and complement and are interoperable with the recent SimPhoNy Fp7 project. They require only desktop hardware and software accessible to students. Examples and standalone instructions for both are presented, starting with sample creation and concluding with image galleries.

Aspects of Reversibility and Energy Efficiency of Prefabricated Straw Structures – Guidelines for Sustainable Design of Architectural Interventions of 21st Century

Architectural space of the 21st century confirms, for the umpteenth time that, architecture is a personified image of society: The products of architectural interventions are the final creations in time and space. The whims of the market, the linear economy model, and users' pluralistic needs generated by cultural preferences mutually develop "white elephants" - inert material, useless and expensive to deconstruct. In response to social, environmental, climate, and economic changes, the construction sector needs to revalue existing construction techniques. The lack of broader application of the circular economy model, the use of inorganic materials and chemical bonds in architectural structures, due to the loss of cultural significance or the appearance of natural disasters, are deprived of their function and produce a large amount of waste. Therefore, the reuse of organic materials derived from renewable energy sources is becoming essential for pushing further the boundaries of reversible design and energy efficiency in architectural interventions. Limits of use of the old – new materials - compressed straw are defined by comparing the results of thermal properties of the building envelope elements - U and R values and levels of reversibility through two opposite approaches to construction, on the example of the conceptual design of a housing unit affected by natural disasters. Analysing the three levels of reversibility that 21st century buildings should possess, given the existing research, the material level limit is shifted in terms of returning to nature with potentially zero environmental waste. Comparing the results of the R values of prefabricated straw structures with the R values of materials predominantly used in architectural interventions raises awareness of the importance and benefits of using compressed straw in architectural envelopes. Existing design parameters of straw structures are optimized by valorising the importance of local climate and materials used. The interaction of native - cellulosic materials breaks down dogmas related to this material and generates the architectural language of reversible and energy-efficient architectural straw products.

What Supports Startups Need From Science and Technology Parks

This study establishes strategies for the science and technology park (STP) operators to develop the support their hosted companies/startups (HCs) need to improve their performance at different stages of maturity. Unlike most of the research concentrated on the STP's viewpoints or used the after-the-fact results to create the policy guidelines for the operators, our paper uses the opposite approach by directly asking the HCs regarding what they need. From our survey results, we have identified two different strategies for improving HCs' performance. A comprehensive internal incubation network is necessary for any startup in a relatively mature development stage but with short settled years. On the other hand, a robust external incubation network is crucial for small-size startups in a low level of development stage but with long-settled years at STPs. We hope that the methodology underpinned in this study could open a new window for future research to better aid HCs in an STP.

Literature Analysis and Future Research Framework in Improvement and Substitutes Strategies

Abstract
 The aim of this paper is to examine improvement strategy using 4 approaches categorized as “substitutes for strategy” in operations strategy and to propose a framework for future research. This paper used a descriptive approach to examine peer-reviewed articles that were selected for analysis purposes. The analysis revealed that the majority of previous studies always used the principle of continuous improvement in 3 operating concepts, namely TQM, Lean, and Six Sigma, and the use of the breakthrough improvement strategy in the concept of Business Process re-engineering. Therefore, this study proposes a future research framework that is related to operational management concepts but uses the opposite improvement strategy approach. This article provides a future research framework that can be used as a basis for other researchers in the future to examine TQM, Six Sigma, Lean, and BPR from different perspectives of the improvement strategy. Professionals who worked in the operations field can use the framework provided in this article to view the company's strategy from a different perspective to gain a competitive advantage for their organization. Improvement Strategy, Continuous Improvement, Breakthrough Improvement, Total Quality Management, Lean Operations, Six Sigma, Business Process Re-engineering.

Gouvernance et les obstacles d'innovation dans les PME-PMI marocaines

At a time when innovation is increasingly recognized as a key driver of growth. In each country, SMEs have an important role to play. As a result, several studies focused their research on the favorable factors for innovation. However few of them focused on its obstacles. The aim of this study is to analyze innovation through to opposite approach, by putting under a scope the analysis of the different obstacles faced by Moroccan SME’s during the innovative process. They recommend a systemic approach of the innovative policies that must take into account the established complementarities. To overcome barriers of innovation related to excessive economic risks, high costs of innovation or lack of appropriate sources of funding, we conducted a survey on a sample of 328 companies that have exercised an innovative activity during the last three years, with the goal of identifying the barriers to innovation within these companies. Our results suggest the important role of the state and foreign entities in the social capital, as well as that of partnerships and technical cooperation. At the end of this paper, the results show that the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to innovate result from a complex internal and external process which, given the limited resources available to SMEs, must rely on efficient innovation systems at different levels. Our research aims to provide decision-makers (at the level of company and various stakeholders) with useful results for their innovation strategies and policies, and approaches to mitigate in the short term, and to overcome in the medium and long term the obstacles of innovation. JEL Classification : O3, O11, O16 Paper type: Empirical research

Critical race self-study: an abolitionist methodology

ABSTRACT Taking an oppositional approach to the whiteness of teacher education research, I challenge critiques of self-study in teacher education as insufficient for the fundamental transformation of teacher education. Drawing from critical race theory, I posit that the stories and self-studies of Black, Indigenous, and other teacher educators of Colour are key to dismantling the white supremacy ingrained in teacher education. Race has palpable consequences for teacher education, and I posit that if teacher education research continues to sidestep and ignore race and racism, the field will continue to condone the harmful status quo of whiteness. Critically examining the need to move beyond research that naturalises whiteness in teacher education, I consider how “passing” and “trespassing” – the long-established positionings rendered possible to Black, Indigenous, and other teacher education researchers of Colour – are hindering the pursuit of racial justice. Seeking to expand the possible positionings of Black, Indigenous, and other teacher education researchers of Colour theoretically and methodologically, I propose critical race self-study as an abolitionist methodology with the potential to foster much-needed transformation for and through teacher education research.

Dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with moderate coronary artery disease detected by coronary computed tomography angiography could reduce the rate of unnecessary coronary angiography

Aims To test the hypothesis that dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) reduces the rate of unnecessary invasive coronary angiography (CA) in patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate to severe stenosis detected by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods This study included 49 consecutive, symptomatic CAD patients with coronary lesions greater than 50% detected by CCTA who underwent all DSE and a CA with pressure wire evaluation and FFR measurement. The DSE operators was aware of the CCTA results, but invasive physicians were blinded to DSE results. The primary endpoint was the negative predictive value of a CCTA followed by a DSE test for detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD). This was defined by the presence of significant coronary lesions (>90% stenosis) or moderate coronary lesions (50–90%) with abnormal FFR value of less than 0.80 evaluated by invasive angiogram (CA). Secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Results In patients with abnormal CCTA followed by CA, 33 patients (67.34%) had non-significant CAD lesions. In patients with both abnormal CCTA and DSE only 6 patients (12.24%) presented non-significant CAD. The negative predictive value of a CCTA followed by a DSE was significantly increased to 92.5%, when compared with CCTA alone. Thus DSE on top of abnormal CCTA could reduce unnecessary CA by 5.5 fold. During follow-up (mean 38.75 ± 12.25 months) 1 (2.1%) patient had a cardiac sudden death, 3 (6.12%) patients had an unplanned myocardial revascularization and 1 (2.1%) patient had a stroke, none of which occurred in patients with normal DSE. No patients experienced a myocardial infarction or needed un unplanned surgical revascularization. Conclusions The addition of DSE in case of abnormal CCTA increases significantly the negative predictive value for detecting significant CAD in need for revascularisation and thus reduces markedly the number of unnecessary CA. This diagnostic strategy has a higher diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value to the opposite approach where an abnormal CCTA mandates a CA without additional functional testing.

Wait, what are we fighting about? – Kelsen, Ehrlich and the reconciliation of normative jurisprudence and sociology of law

The 1915-1917 debate between Ehrlich and Kelsen is a fundamental debate in legal theory, between normative jurisprudence and sociology of law. Although both professors see themselves as being on opposite sides of the legal theoretical spectrum, this article offers the possibility that perhaps both theories could be combined to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of law and the legal order. Instead of being opposite approaches to the study of law, sociology of law and normative jurisprudence could also be understood as complementary theories which, if taken together, cover a larger part of the legal spectrum of any society.

Attitudes of patients with severe mental illness towards COVID-19 vaccinations: A preliminary report from a public psychiatric hospital

BackgroundAs patients with severe mental illness are at increased risk for COVID-19 mortality, the issue of willingness to be vaccinated is of extreme importance. MethodsDuring February 2021 Shalvata Mental Health hospital provided Covid-19 vaccines to its patients. Fifty one patients suffering from severe mental illness, out of 196 patients hospitalized in closed, open or day wards during that period, signed the informed consent and were assessed for their clinical condition (OQ-45), fear of Covid-19 (FCV-19S) and approach to the vaccine (C19-VHS). All patients who were not vaccinated in February 2021 (baseline) were re-approached a month later to assess whether they had gotten vaccinated since. ResultsPatients who were not vaccinated at baseline had an oppositional approach to the vaccine, and did not significantly differ in their fear of Covid-19 levels or in levels of clinical severity (t(49) = 2.51, p = 0.02) from those who were vaccinated. From the 29 patients who were not vaccinated at baseline approach to the vaccine was a good predictor to getting vaccinated after one month (79% positive predictive value). ConclusionsThe majority of patients suffering from a severe mental illness are willing to get vaccinated, and their decision of whether or not to get vaccinated is based on their viewpoint on the vaccine rather than being an outcome of their level of distress (OQ-45). It is important to allow vaccine accessibility to hospitalized patients, to consider their opinions and to provide useful information to lower vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination rates.