Opposite Poles Research Articles

Magnon Hall effect in antiferromagnetic lattices

Topology applied to condensed matter is an important area of research and technology, and topological magnetic excitations have recently become an active field of study. This paper presents a general discussion of magnon Hall transport in two-dimensional antiferromagnets. Although the Chern number is zero for a collinear antiferromagnet, we offer a general discussion that can be used in the more general case. First, we study the Union Jack lattice, where an effective time-reversal symmetry is broken, making the system display the magnon Hall effect. Then, we investigate the brick-wall lattice where such symmetry is present. Consequently, we have a phenomenon similar to the quantum spin Hall effect in electronic systems. Both lattices have not yet been studied from the topological point of view. The coexistence of opposite spin polarization in an antiferromagnet resembles the electron spin in various transport phenomena. We study magnon transport in the lattices mentioned above with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and easy-axis single-ion anisotropy. We calculate the Berry curvature from the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. From that, we plot the spin Hall and thermal Hall conductivities, as well as the spin Nernst coefficient, as functions of the temperature. In the Union Jack lattice, we treat the effect of anharmonic interactions using a mean-field spin wave theory where the Hamiltonian becomes implicitly temperature-dependent. We determine self-consistently the renormalized dispersion and the staggered magnetization as a function of temperature. Our calculations can be applied to other antiferromagnetic lattices.

Controllable gas adsorption via inter-coupled ferroelectricity in In2Se3 monolayer

Recently, two-dimensional ferroelectrics with spontaneous electric polarization have attracted growing interest for application in gas sensors and other electronic devices. This study proposes an in-plane polarization-induced sensor based on the α-In2Se3 ferroelectric material with reversible gas capture or release. A comprehensive quantum mechanical analysis on the characteristics of the device is presented by employing density functional theory calculations, ab initio molecular dynamic simulations, and the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The ferroelectricity of α-In2Se3 results in different surface polarizations, leading to different adsorption behaviors on surfaces with opposite polarizations. Based on the adsorption energy, charge transfer, and recovery time, the negatively polarized surface is better suited for gas capture than the positively polarized surface. Consequently, by applying a vertical electric field, which changes the out-of-plane polarization, reversible capture or release of NH3 and NO2 molecules can be achieved. However, applying vertical electric fields in transistor-based gas sensors is rather challenging. Meanwhile, the unique interlocking feature of electric dipoles in α-In2Se3 monolayer can be used to control gas adsorption or desorption by an in-plane bias voltage (electric field). The sensitivities of the positive and negative surfaces to the NH3 molecule are 107.6% and 11.3%, respectively, when an appropriate in-plane bias voltage is applied. The proposed sensor that allows manipulating the out-of-plane polarization by an in-plane bias is of special importance and opens up a new pathway for sensing applications.

Compact Dual-Circularly Polarized Traveling-Wave Series-Fed Patch Array for Use as a Non-Linear Tag Antenna for Bio-Sensing Applications

This paper proposes a compact K-band dual-circularly polarized antenna that can be implemented on a non-linear tag based on third-order intermodulation (IM3) for bio-sensing applications. The proposed antenna has the characteristics of being low-profile and lightweight, with opposite circular polarizations (CP) between ports. The non-linear tag-based bio-sensing scenario utilizes K-band millimeter wave frequencies, which allows for compact non-linear tags for attachment to the body. Also, the proposed antenna features dual-CP, which are for the reception and re-radiation of incident transmit signals and the IM3 responses, respectively. To this end, a two-port traveling-wave series-fed patch array with coplanar proximity coupling is designed. Here, to minimize the size of the antenna, we use only four circular patch elements with a modified diamond-shaped microstrip feedline. Through simulation and measurement, we demonstrate that the proposed antenna has an axial ratio of less than 3 dB from 23.25 GHz to 24.1 GHz, with the reflection coefficients below −10 dB and port-to-port coupling below −15 dB. These results indicate the potential utility of the proposed antenna as a tag antenna for non-linear detection-based bio-sensing applications.

Multidimensional Assessment of Strengths and Their Association With Mental Health in Psychotherapy Patients at the Beginning of Treatment.

Modern concepts assume that mental health is not just the absence of mental illness but is also characterized by positive well-being. Recent findings indicated a less pronounced distinction of positive and negative mental health dimensions in clinical samples. Self-perceived strengths were associated with markers of mental health in healthy individuals. However, analyses of strengths and their association with different mental health variables in clinical populations are scarce. A cross-sectional design was conducted at a German outpatient training and research center. 274 patients before treatment (female: 66.4%, mean age = 42.53, SD = 13.34, range = 18-79) filled out the Witten Strengths and Resource Form (WIRF), a multidimensional self-report of strengths, as well as other instruments assessing positive and negative mental health variables. Data was analyzed with structural equation modeling and latent regression analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis of the WIRF showed good model fit for the assumed three-subscale solution. Regarding mental health, a one-factor model with positive and negative variables as opposite poles showed acceptable fit. A correlated dual-factor model was not appropriate for the data. All WIRF subscales significantly predicted unique parts of variance of the latent mental illness factor (p = .035 - p < .001). The context-specific assessment of patients' strengths was confirmed and led to an information gain in the prediction of mental health. Results suggest that positive and negative facets of mental health are highly entwined in people with pronounced symptoms. The scientific and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Cohesin‐mediated DNA loop extrusion resolves sister chromatids in G2 phase

Genetic information is stored in linear DNA molecules, which are highly folded inside cells. DNA replication along the folded template path yields two sister chromatids that initially occupy the same nuclear region in an intertwined arrangement. Dividing cells must disentangle and condense the sister chromatids into separate bodies such that a microtubule‐based spindle can move them to opposite poles. While the spindle‐mediated transport of sister chromatids has been studied in detail, the chromosome‐intrinsic mechanics presegregating sister chromatids have remained elusive. Here, we show that human sister chromatids resolve extensively already during interphase, in a process dependent on the loop‐extruding activity of cohesin, but not that of condensins. Increasing cohesin's looping capability increases sister DNA resolution in interphase nuclei to an extent normally seen only during mitosis, despite the presence of abundant arm cohesion. That cohesin can resolve sister chromatids so extensively in the absence of mitosis‐specific activities indicates that DNA loop extrusion is a generic mechanism for segregating replicated genomes, shared across different Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes in all kingdoms of life.

The Interplay of Formal Institutional and Cultural Distances and the Financial Performance of Foreign Subsidiaries in Latin America

We investigate how formal institutional distance (FID) moderates the cultural distance (CD) and financial performance relationships of foreign subsidiaries of firms. Following recent research, we estimate the asymmetric effects of CD by considering its size and direction towards host countries on the opposite poles of each cultural dimension’s scale. We propose that a limited understanding of the formal institutions in the host country, as measured by the magnitude and direction of the FID, can positively moderate the CD–performance relationship. This is mainly because foreign subsidiary firms may be more reliant on their capacity to navigate the less formal (and more implicit) aspects of the host country’s institutional environment, such as their ability to cope with the CD. We use foreign subsidiary data from the Orbis database, which includes 22 developed and 22 developing home countries and over 1400 foreign subsidiaries operating in 10 of Latin America’s largest economies (host countries) from 2012 to 2015 (a period of 3 years). Findings confirm the asymmetric effects of CD; however, by considering the direction of FID, our findings reveal that the more FID is directed towards host countries that are less developed, the more significant the effects of CD on financial performance. These findings contribute to our knowledge of how formal and informal institutional distances interact by showing that the greater the FID towards less developed host countries, the more pronounced the effects of CD.

Religious moderation in Islamic religious education textbook and implementation in Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the concept of religious moderation in the form of values contained in Islamic religious education textbooks at the junior high school level and to analyse how these values are implemented in Bandung, West Java schools. This article employs qualitative data collection techniques, including a literature review, observation, and interviews. The study finds that the content of moderation values, such as non-violence, egalitarianism and fairness, and tolerance, aligns with the Indonesian government’s religious moderation pillars. The study also reveals that the implementation of moderation values has been carried out, especially by Islamic religious education teachers, resulting in a safe and respectful school environment for Muslim and non-Muslim students alike. The implementation of non-violence values aims to prevent students from being exposed to extremist Islamic groups. Meanwhile, egalitarianism and fairness values emphasise the equality of every human being and place every religious community in a middle position between two opposite poles. Lastly, tolerance values emphasise the importance of religious freedom and the principle of national commitment, requiring every person and religious community to maintain their national commitment without feeling that their group has the highest rank. Furthermore, the study discovered that the implementation of moderation values based on textbooks had been carried out, particularly in two schools in Bandung City that involved the collaborative participation of students and teachers.Contribution: This finding contributes to the study of religious moderation in the general school at the primary education level. Until now, the study of religious moderation has mostly focused on the discourse of social movements and the atmosphere of Islamic education, namely Islamic boarding schools.

Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Risk Factors & Protective Measures

Bipolar Affective Disorder (BD) is a severe mental pathology characterized by recurrent mood episodes that usually cycle between two opposite poles: mania or hypomania and depression. It has a high level of morbidity/mortality (i.e., cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, altered functionality, and absenteeism from work) and associated substantial socioeconomic costs. The most dramatic outcome is death by suicide, which occurs in 5% to 15% of patients. Early detection plays a vital role in modifying the natural course of the disease. It is essential to determine the disease's risk and specific protective factors to prevent its occurrence, delay its appearance, and reduce its deterioration effects. Characteristics such as genetic profile, cognitive reserve (partially explained by educational level and premorbid intelligence), chronotype (particularly morning chronotype), personality aspects (including resilience and hyperthymic temperament), the absence of substance use and childhood maltreatment, in addition to an adequate support network, have been associated with a lower impact in the onset and course of the disease. Once present, interventions -both in the early and late stages (i.e., specific pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, dietary factors, physical activity, and judicious use of antipsychotics)-can play a protective role against the appearance of the disease and the severity of its mood episodes.

High-altitude Magnetospheric Emissions from Two Pulsars

We discover three new weak pulse components in two known pulsars, one in PSR J0304+1932 and two in PSR J1518+4904. These components are emitted about halfway between the main emission beam and the interpulse beam (beam from the opposite pole). They are separated from their main pulse peak by 99° ± 3° for J0304+1932 and 123.°6 ± 0.°7 (leading) and 93° ± 0.°4 (trailing) for J1518+4904. Their peak-intensity ratios to main pulses are ∼ 0.06% for J0304+1932 and ∼0.17% and ∼0.83% for J1518+4904. We also analyzed the flux fluctuations and profile variations of the emissions for the two pulsars. The results show correlations between the weak pulses and their main pulses, indicating that these emissions come from the same pole. We estimated the emission altitude of these weak pulses and derived a height of about half of the pulsar’s light-cylinder radius. These pulse components are a unique sample of high-altitude emissions from pulsars, and challenge the current pulsar emission models.

Three novel iridium (III) complexes containing double chiral atoms for organic light‐emitting diodes

AbstractChiral iridium (III) complexes are very important for the preparation of circularly polarized organic diodes light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). Three novel iridium (III) complexes, Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), Ir(dfppy)2(dpp), and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp), have been synthesized and characterized, respectively. These iridium (III) complexes emitted deep‐blue, blue, and red photoluminescence with high quantum yields (Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/Pyrrole): λmax = 447 nm, F = 62.4%; Ir(dfppy)2(dpp): λmax = 467 nm, F = 25%; Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp): λmax = 609 nm, F = 73.7%). Compared with Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), the HOMO energy levels of Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) were calculated to be −5.71/−5.73 eV, and the LUMO energy levels were increased to be −2.75/−3.36 eV, respectively. The circular dichroism spectra of two pairs of the enantiomers for Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) or Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) displayed symmetry with opposite polarization between 300 and 600 nm. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of OLEDs based on Ir(tfmpqz)2(sddp) was 13.8%, showing a relatively low efficiency roll‐off with the EQE of 10.7% at 5000 cd/m2.

Negative-to-Positive Tunnel Magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/Cr2Ge2Te6/Fe3GeTe2 Junctions

The emergent van der Waals magnetic material is a promising component for spintronic devices with novel functionalities. Here, we report a transition of negative-to-positive magnetoresistance in Fe3GeTe2/Cr2Ge2Te6/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals all-magnetic tunnel junctions with increasing the applied bias voltage. A negative magnetoresistance is observed first in Fe3GeTe2/Cr2Ge2Te6/Fe3GeTe2 tunnel junctions, where the resistance with antiparallel aligned magnetization of two Fe3GeTe2 electrodes is lower than that with parallel alignment, which is due to the opposite spin polarizations of two Fe3GeTe2 electrodes. With the bias voltage increasing, the spin polarization of the biased Fe3GeTe2 electrode is changed so that the spin orientations of two Fe3GeTe2 electrodes are the same. Our experimental observations are supported by the calculated spin-dependent density of states for Fe3GeTe2 electrodes under a finite bias. The significantly bias voltage-dependent spin transport properties in van der Waals magnetic tunnel junctions open a promising route for designing electrical controllable spintronic devices based on van der Waals magnets.

‘Sorry, we’re closed’: a fuzzy-set ideal-type analysis of pandemic childcare-policy responses in 28 European countries

Based on an original data set of early childhood education and care/school closures and reopenings, this article presents a fuzzy-set ideal-type analysis of pandemic childcare-policy responses in 28 European countries and explores the complex empirical variety of these policies across Europe. The analysis shows that European countries cluster into five models, comprising not only the opposite poles of strict closures (public-health approach) or absence of closures (high-risk approach) but also more ‘mixed’ approaches prioritising early childhood education and care/schools’ educational (educational approach) or work–care functions (lenient work–care approach or strict work–care approach). A few countries’ poor fit within these approaches indicates struggles in balancing different, often contradictory, policy goals during COVID-19. The findings reflect how (continued) provision of early childhood education and care/schools became a highly contested issue, especially as the pandemic evolved and public-health concerns were increasingly weighted against the implications for work–care balance and educational outcomes.

Elements of Schwartz’s Model in the WVS: How Do They Relate to Other Cultural Models?

Recently Kaasa (2021) has developed a Cultural Models Synthesis Scheme (CMSS) merging together the cultural models of Hofstede, Schwartz and Inglehart. However, this theoretical framework still needs to be complemented by an empirical analysis. This exploratory study focuses on the Schwartz’s model using the ten-item battery in the World Values Survey (WVS) inspired by his questionnaire. We empirically position Schwartz’s items into the theoretical CMSS by the means of the empirical framework of Kaasa and Minkov (2022) that already includes Inglehart’s dimensions and Minkov’s (2018) revision of Hofstede’s model. The results support the placements of Schwartz’s dimensions in the CMSS. However, the results also show serious inconsistencies and contradictions regarding the keywords associated to some Schwartz’s dimensions. We highlight the need to be careful about which keywords and question wordings capture the core of those dimensions and to consider the accuracy of the names of dimension. We show that some keywords previously associated with a particular pole of the mastery versus harmony and hierarchy versus egalitarianism, might, in fact, tap aspects of the opposite pole. We also propose using the term ‘conformity’ instead of ‘harmony’. We conclude from these insights that cross-mapping different cultural models is an exercise with significant intellectual payoff.

Argonda Dairesel Polarize Yüksek Harmonikler: Dipol ve Dipol Olmayan Etki

The interaction of the intense laser pulse, which forms the basis of the strong laser field and non-linear optical physics, with atoms, molecules, and solids leads to the High Order Harmonic Generation (HHG). There are many theoretical and experimental research related to this process defined by the Semi-Classic Model which is called the Three Step Model. In this article, the dipole and non-dipole effects specified in the theoretical Lewenstein model to be used in the Argon atom interacting with the strong circular laser field (800nm) and the resulting higher order harmonic spectrum will be investigated. We compared the results obtained using the non-collinear beams with opposite circular polarizations with those obtained using a single circularly polarized beam or a linearly polarized beam. It could be said that the circular polarization can significantly affect the HHG process in an argon atom exposed to a laser field with 800 nm wavelength and 1015 W/cm2 intensity.

Spatial resolution of cellular senescence dynamics in human colorectal liver metastasis.

Hepatic metastasis is a clinical challenge for colorectal cancer (CRC). Senescent cancer cells accumulate in CRC favoring tumor dissemination. Whether this mechanism progresses also in metastasis is unexplored. Here, we integrated spatial transcriptomics, 3D-microscopy, and multicellular transcriptomics to study the role of cellular senescence in human colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). We discovered two distinct senescent metastatic cancer cell (SMCC) subtypes, transcriptionally located at the opposite pole of epithelial (e) to mesenchymal (m) transition. SMCCs differ in chemotherapy susceptibility, biological program, and prognostic roles. Mechanistically, epithelial (e)SMCC initiation relies on nucleolar stress, whereby c-myc dependent oncogene hyperactivation induces ribosomal RPL11 accumulation and DNA damage response. In a 2D pre-clinical model, we demonstrated that RPL11 co-localized with HDM2, a p53-specific ubiquitin ligase, leading to senescence activation in (e)SMCCs. On the contrary, mesenchymal (m)SMCCs undergo TGFβ paracrine activation of NOX4-p15 effectors. SMCCs display opposing effects also in the immune regulation of neighboring cells, establishing an immunosuppressive environment or leading to an active immune workflow. Both SMCC signatures are predictive biomarkers whose unbalanced ratio determined the clinical outcome in CRLM and CRC patients. Altogether, we provide a comprehensive new understanding of the role of SMCCs in CRLM and highlight their potential as new therapeutic targets to limit CRLM progression.

Kinetic principles of ParA2-ATP cycling guide dynamic subcellular localizations in Vibrio cholerae.

Dynamic protein gradients are exploited for the spatial organization and segregation of replicated chromosomes. However, mechanisms of protein gradient formation and how that spatially organizes chromosomes remain poorly understood. Here, we have determined the kinetic principles of subcellular localizations of ParA2 ATPase, an essential spatial regulator of chromosome 2 segregation in the multichromosome bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. We found that ParA2 gradients self-organize in V. cholerae cells into dynamic pole-to-pole oscillations. We examined the ParA2 ATPase cycle and ParA2 interactions with ParB2 and DNA. In vitro, ParA2-ATP dimers undergo a rate-limiting conformational switch, catalysed by DNA to achieve DNA-binding competence. This active ParA2 state loads onto DNA cooperatively as higher order oligomers. Our results indicate that the midcell localization of ParB2-parS2 complexes stimulate ATP hydrolysis and ParA2 release from the nucleoid, generating an asymmetric ParA2 gradient with maximal concentration toward the poles. This rapid dissociation coupled with slow nucleotide exchange and conformational switch provides for a temporal lag that allows the redistribution of ParA2 to the opposite pole for nucleoid reattachment. Based on our data, we propose a 'Tug-of-war' model that uses dynamic oscillations of ParA2 to spatially regulate symmetric segregation and positioning of bacterial chromosomes.

A new antibody for the study of human CD157 expression and function

Abstract CD157 is an ectoenzyme that has both cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities. In the human hematopoietic system, CD157 is prevalently expressed by cells of the myelomonocytic lineage, and interacts with extracellular matrix components and regulates leukocyte diapedesis via integrin-mediated signaling. CD157 is implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders. Although it lacks a cytoplasmatic domain, CD157 is able to transduce intracellular signals by establishing functional and structural crosstalk with β1 (CD29) and β2 (CD18) integrins. CD157 ligation causes integrin– dependent cytoskeletal remodeling and increase in F-actin content. Activation of downstream signaling pathways leads to cell polarization, with CD157 migrating prevalently to the rear of the cells whereas F-actin is localized at the opposite pole. However, the molecular and cellular functions of CD157 still remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation of a monoclonal antibody specific for human CD157 (clone W21007F) that can be used in flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and blocking of CD157 mediated adhesion of monocytes to fibronectin. Treatment of the pro-monocytic, myeloid leukemia cell line U937 with clone W21007F induces cell polarization and a marked increase in filamentous actin, with CD157 clustering at the uropod. The majority of F-Actin fibers are located at the opposite end of CD157, and CD157 co-localizes with integrin beta-1 in distinct membrane domains. The reference clone SY/11B5 and isotype control antibody do not show this effect. In conclusion, anti-human CD157 (clone W21007F) is a valuable tool for the study of CD157 function and expression in human cells.

Dual polarization Fourier transform processor using geometric-phase lenses.

This work presents a novel optical system for polarization image processing using geometric-phase (Pancharatnam-Berry) lenses. Such lenses are half-wave plates where the orientation of the fast (slow) axis follows a quadratic relation with the radial coordinate, and they present the same focal length but opposite sign for left and right circular polarizations. Therefore, they split an input collimated beam in a converging beam and a diverging beam with opposite circular polarizations. This coaxial polarization selectivity introduces a new degree of freedom in optical processing systems and makes it interesting for imaging and filtering applications that require polarization sensitivity. Here we profit from these properties to build an optical Fourier filter system with polarization sensitivity. A telescopic system is used to have access to two real Fourier transform planes, one for each circular polarization. A second symmetric optical system is used to recombine the two beams onto a single final image. As a result, polarization sensitive optical Fourier filtering can be applied, as demonstrated with simple bandpass filters.

Abstract A05: Multiplexed CyTOF analysis of FLT3-ITD AML landscape identifies proteomic profiles associated with resistance to targeted therapies

Abstract Targeted therapies(TT) combining FLT3 inhibitors with hypomethylating agents (HMA) and Venetoclax (Ven) are highly effective against FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with high response rates. Signaling mutations along with emergence of rarer mutations are the key contributors to primary and secondary resistance to TT. We hypothesize that resistant leukemia clones have unique proteomic profiles that facilitate survival under therapy pressure(TP) and deciphering proteomic profiles at the single-cell level will delineate resistance mechanisms and adaptive responses driven by TP. We performed multiplexed single-cell proteomic analysis of serial PB and BM samples (n:162) from patients treated with FLT3i+HMA+/-VEN using CyTOF. Unsupervised analysis identified leukemia cells and non-malignant cellular elements of the leukemia compartment in an unbiased manner. Next, we interrogated the leukemia proteomic landscape to identify leukemia associated proteomic features. Since Ven targets BCL2 and FLT3i modulates the expression of anti-apoptotic molecules we assessed the expression of apoptosis regulators and found that leukemia cells with immature phenotype, including those with leukemia stem cell(LSC) phenotype, almost always expressed moderate-high levels of BCL2. Monocytic cells(MC) lacked BCL2 expression and had the highest levels of MCL1. Despite expressing moderate levels of MCL1 and BCL-XL, TT was effective in substantially eliminating CD34+ immature leukemia cells. We observed a relative enrichment of MCs, either benign or malignant, after TT. Since cells with MC phenotype were inherently resistant to TT we hypothesized that leukemia cell subsets having similar proteomic profiles to MCs will persist after TT. Phenotypic interrogation of leukemia cells (UMAP) revealed that LSCs generally clustered on the opposite pole distant from MCs and leukemia cells on poles facing MCs were more differentiated. Remarkably, FLT3-ITD mutation partners differentially altered the proteomic landscape. NPM1 mutant FLT3-ITD AML cells displayed a less diverse leukemia architectural organization with differentiation block. Contrarily, signaling mutations diversified the leukemia landscape into a diverse continuum of differentiation states. We also observed that RAS/MAPK mutations could overcome differentiation block and gave rise to a differentiation continuum encompassing less-differentiated, transitional and differentiated leukemia cells. The transitional CD34+ leukemia cells, mapped in close vicinity to MCs, and differentiated MCs that preferentially persisted at D28, had active signaling pathways and expressed CD36. The presence of CD34+ leukemia cells with persistent signaling at D28 was indicative of poor clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Multiplexed single-cell proteomic analysis identified a unique mode of resistance and proteomic features of surviving cells in with FLT3-ITD AML patients treated with TT, and elucidated how different mutation partners in FLT3-ITD AML differentially altered proteomic landscape to drive resistance to TT. Citation Format: Muharrem Muftuoglu, Musa Yilmaz, Mahesh Basyal, Li Li, Naval Daver, Michael Andreeff. Multiplexed CyTOF analysis of FLT3-ITD AML landscape identifies proteomic profiles associated with resistance to targeted therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome; 2023 Jan 23-25; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2023;4(3_Suppl):Abstract nr A05.

Assessing the Farm–Nonfarm Households' Income Gap along the Income Distribution in the European Union

AbstractThis article investigates the presence of a farm–nonfarm income gap along the income distribution in the European Union. Our findings show that the income disparity between farm and nonfarm households varies at the opposite poles of the distribution within and between countries. On average, farm households in the lowest quartile are worse off than nonfarm households in the same quartile, whilst farm households in the highest quartile are better off than their nonfarm counterpart. We also provide some evidence on the time dynamics of the farm–nonfarm households' income gap by looking at its evolution after the Great Recession. Finally, the policy implications stemming from the results are presented. In particular, the importance of re‐directing the Common Agricultural Policy public support in two main directions: from the richest farm households to the poorest farm households, to reduce within countries' inequality, and from the richest countries to the poorest countries, to reduce between countries' inequality.