Opposite Parts Research Articles

III-VI van der Waals heterostructures for sustainable energy related applications.

van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, achieved by binding various two-dimensional (2D) materials together via vdW interaction, expand the family of 2D materials and show fascinating possibilities. In this work, we have systematically investigated the geometrical structures, electronic structures, and optical properties of III-VI (MX, M = Ga, In and X = S, Se, Te) vdW heterostructures and their corresponding applications in sustainable energy related areas based on first principles calculations. It is highlighted that different heterostructure types can be achieved in spite of the similar electronic structures of MX monolayers. Meanwhile, the potential applications of the heterostructures for sustainable energy related areas have been further unraveled. For instance, type-II InS/GaSe and GaS/GaSe vdW heterostructures can separately produce hydrogen and oxygen at the opposite parts. On the other hand, a type-II GaSe/GaTe heterostructure with a direct band gap compatible with silicon has been proposed to be a potential solar cell material with a power conversion efficiency over 18%. Furthermore, a gapless type-IV semi-metallic InTe/GaS heterostructure has been predicted to be a Li-ion battery anode material based on three-step lithiated analysis. The present results will shed light on the sustainable energy applications of such remarkable artificial MX vdW heterostructures in the future.

Міжкатегоріальний статус зворотних віддієслівних іменників у слов’янських мовах

One of the most debatable topics in modern linguistics is the study of intercategorical relations between several related languages. These multidimensional linguistic phenomena include the verbal formations, the so-called «hybrid forms of verbs» (participles, transgressive, reflexive verbal nouns), which are on the border of several parts of speech displaying syncretism at the morphological, semantic and syntactic levels. The article defines the status of verbal nouns in Slavic linguistics. It describes the intercategorical links of verbal formations and characterizes their hybridity. It provides comparison of specific features of reflexive verbal nouns in Slavic languages, including word-forming, morphological and semantic aspects. It also analyzes the use of reflexive verbal nouns in modern texts. Verbal nouns are a special hybrid form of the verb, which covers the features of diametrically opposite parts of the language, namely the noun and the verb. Reflexive verbal nouns are a specific feature of Polish, partly Czech and Slovak as well, which maintain the category of aspect and reflexivity. The postposition of the reflexive formant się, as well as the phenomenon of haplology and omission of się in lexicalized constructions mostly characterize reflexive verbal nouns. There are five groups of verbal nouns: 1) reflexive verbal nouns, in which the subject is the object of the action being performed as well. The reflexive deverbatives include words that denote the action directed at the appearance or surface of one’s body; 2) reciprocal verbal nouns, which denote the mutual (symmetrical) action of the subject and object against each other; 3) medial verbal nouns, in which the reflexive formant does not perform an independent function, but forms an inseparable unity with the noun and is a component of a non-permanent verbal lexeme; 4) terminative verbal nouns expressing a high degree of intensity, limit or achievement of the result of the action performed; 5) decausal verbal nouns describing situations that arise spontaneously, unconsciously, and are primarily typical for scientific literature. Decausatives state the change in the subject’s state, although the reason for this change remains unclear. The use of verbal nouns in Polish is characterized by high productivity, as evidenced by the formation of entirely new lexemes from loanwords used to denote modern information processes, and some formations even take on specific Polish reflexive features.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY

Purpose. The dynamics and pace of social and economic transformations that are characteristic of modern society, lead to an increase in tension and the destruction of habitual stereotypes – ideals, values, norms, patterns of behaviour that unite people. These moments encourage us to rethink the understanding of "security" essence, in particular, psychological, which emphasizes the urgency of its study in the philosophical and sociocultural coordinates. Theoretical basis of the research is based on the philosophical methodology of K. Jaspers, E. Fromm and the A. Maslow’s psychological approach to understanding of a person. Originality. Psychological security is considered at different levels: first and foremost, society is a characteristic of social security, that is an analysis of how today’s social technologies, social changes affect the quality of life of the country’s population; secondly, the social environment – the family, the immediate environment, reference groups, training teams; thirdly, a person is an experience of his own security-insecurity, when it is possible to talk about the manifestations of psychological violence, when certain behavioral acts contribute to the violation of the security of the other or to self-destruction. It is found out that the knowledge of psychological security is closely connected with the socio-historical conditions of being, with the level of development of material and spiritual culture, with the interests and values prevailing in society, which determines its ontological, epistemological and axiological features. The presented issue is considered in the correlation of psychological security with types of scientific rationality – classical, nonclassical and post-nonclassical approaches, within the framework of which various perspectives, aspects, forms and types of psychological security are studied. Conclusions. The concept of security requires a systematic description of its manifestations, types, levels, concepts: security as the absence of dangers (based on the principle of dichotomy, that is, a certain whole consisting of two opposite parts, in this case, the whole is human existence); security as a certain activity to ensure or to prevent any threats or dangers (activity approach); security as a conscious necessity, the value of the individual. The study systematizes various ideas about psychological security in accordance with the logic of scientific knowledge: in the mainstream of classical, non-classical and post-nonclassical approaches.

Size effects on springback behavior of H80 foils

Size effects make traditional bending theories infeasible in analyzing the springback behavior of H80 foils in the similarity bending experiment. It is observed that there is a certain critical thickness value, which divides the change trend of springback amount of foils into two opposite parts. In order to reveal the reason for size effects on the springback behavior of H80 foils, the method of hardness increment characterization was applied to describe the deformation distribution of foils. The competition between strengthening effect of geometrically necessary dislocations and weakening effect of surface grains determines the change trend of springback amount with foil thickness. When the thickness of foils is large, the weakening effects dominate the material behavior, resulting in that the springback amount decreases with the decrease in foil thickness. However, when the foil thickness is small, the strengthening effects dominate the springback tendency, leading to a sharp increase in the springback amount. Furthermore, the deformation distribution is disturbed due to the enhanced effects of individual grain heterogeneity with the decrease in the thickness of foils, leading to the large scatter of springback angle after unloading.

Comparisons Between Poorest and Richest to Measure Inequality

The observed increase in economic inequality, where the major concern is relative to the huge growth of the highest incomes, motivates to revisit classical measures of inequality and to offer new ways to synthesize the variability of the entire income distribution. The idea is to provide policy makers a way to contrast the economic position of the group of the poorer [Formula: see text] percent of the population and to compare their mean income to the one owned by the [Formula: see text] percent of the richest. The new measure is still a Lorenz-based one, but the significant focus is based here in equally sized and opposite parts of the population whose difference is so remarkable nowadays. We then highlight the specific information given by the new inequality measure and curve, by comparing it to the widely employed Lorenz curve and Gini index and the more recent Zenga approach, and provide an application to Italian data on household income, wealth, and consumption along the years 1980–2012. The effects of estimating inequality indices and curves from grouped data are also discussed.

Recognition of human faces by dogs (Canis familiaris) requires visibility of head contour.

Researchers have suggested that dogs are able to recognise human faces, but conclusive evidence has yet to be found. Experiment 1 of this study investigated whether dogs can recognise humans using visual information from the face/head region, and whether this also occurs in conditions of suboptimal visibility of the face. Dogs were presented with their owner's and a stranger's heads, protruding through openings of an apparatus in opposite parts of the experimental setting. Presentations occurred in conditions of either optimal or suboptimal visibility; the latter featured non-frontal orientation, uneven illumination and invisibility of outer contours of the heads. Instances where dogs approached their owners with a higher frequency than predicted by chance were considered evidence of recognition. This occurred only in the optimal condition. With a similar paradigm, Experiment 2 investigated which of the alterations in visibility that characterised the suboptimal condition accounted for dogs' inability to recognise owners. Dogs approached their owners more frequently than predicted by chance if outer head contours were visible, but not if heads were either frontally oriented or evenly illuminated. Moreover, male dogs were slightly better at recognition than females. These findings represent the first clear demonstration that dogs can recognise human faces and that outer face elements are crucial for such a task, complementing previous research on human face processing in dogs. Parallels with face recognition abilities observed in other animal species, as well as with human infants, point to the relevance of these results from a comparative standpoint.

Perfect state transfer by means of discrete-time quantum walk on complete bipartite graphs

We consider a quantum walk with two marked vertices, sender and receiver, and analyze its application to perfect state transfer on complete bipartite graphs. First, the situation with both the sender and the receiver vertex in the same part of the graph is considered. We show that in this case the dynamics of the quantum walk is independent of the size of the second part and reduces to the one for the star graph where perfect state transfer is achieved. Second, we consider the situation where the sender and the receiver vertex are in the opposite parts of the graph. In such a case the state transfer with unit fidelity is achieved only when the parts have the same size.

Synaxarion vita of Saint Mary of Egypt - the earliest Serbian manuscript copies

The paper discusses Synaxarion vita of Saint Mary of Egypt according to earliest Serbian copies in synaxarions. The texts of the three translations are compared between each other and also with the extensive Vita of Saint Mary of Egypt. In both simple prologue and prologue with verses the text about this saint is established on the duration of two opposite parts in her life and it points out the details existing in iconography, although one version of synaxarion with verses introduces an unfamilliar information about her burial.

Geographical locational knowledge as an indicator of children's views of the world: research from Sweden and Australia

Children's locational knowledge is often used to clarify underlying conceptual understandings of the world in which they live. Although there has been some exploration of how European children view their world there is little recent research on Scandinavian children's knowledge and associated perceptions of the wider world, or about Australian children's views. Coming from opposite parts of the globe it could be expected that children from Sweden and Australia would view the world in a very different manner. This study compared children's knowledge of countries in the world from comparable schools in both nations and found the expected influence of local geographic knowledge and social and economic place in the world on their skills and knowledge. They were influenced by their national space. However, media and popular culture also impacted on their views on the world and this impact was quite similar between the two nations.

Centering of the Screening Patterns and Code Wheels of Angular Movement Photoelectric Converters by Means of an Annular Hairline and Scale Lines

Methods of centering scanning patterns by means of a centering circle and scale lines are analyzed. It is shown that centering with respect to scale lines using two reading systems situated in diametrically opposite parts of the scanning pattern is the most accurate method.

Equality of hemisphere soft functions for [formula omitted], DIS and pp collisions at [formula omitted

We present a simple observation about soft amplitudes and soft functions appearing in factorizable cross sections in ee, ep, and pp collisions that has not clearly been made in previous literature, namely, that the hemisphere soft functions that appear in event shape distributions in e+e−→dijets, deep inelastic scattering (DIS), and in Drell–Yan (DY) processes are equal in perturbation theory up to O(αs2), even though individual amplitudes may have opposite sign imaginary parts due to changing complex pole prescriptions in eikonal propagators for incoming vs. outgoing lines. We also explore potential generalizations of this observation to soft functions for other observables or with more jets in the final state.

Входная ионная оптика квадрупольных масс-спектрометров с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Часть 3. Асиметричные системы с локальным дугообразным отклонением ионов

The third part of the review about the input ion optics of inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometers is devoted to asymmetrical systems with the local one-sided arc-shaped ion deflection. This publication covers only two variants of such ion optics known to date: 1 – design of Iowa State University (Ames, USA) used by Thermo Jarrell Ash Corp. for the serial manufacturing of mass spectrometers QUADRION and optical emission mass spectrometers POEMS, and later for the modification of ion optics of mass spectrometers VG PQ2/S/Omega/3 (Thermo Elemental/Electron) in Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan); 2 – design of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (India) with another type of ion deflectors. The first variant is based on the use in the optics the set of parallel vertically mounted stainless steel plates that transmit the ions through the special holes and shift the ions according to the arc-shaped trajectory when applying different direct current voltages with opposite polarity to the plates. The second variant differed in the use of three sequential longitudinal lenses as deflectors. Every one of these lenses was divided into two equal opposite parts – active and passive. Deflectors were separated by the two vertical plates fitted with the special holes for ions transportation along the arc-shaped trajectory when applying to the active parts of the lenses different direct current voltages with positive polarity. The techniques for the reduction of the matrix space charge effects using the supplemental source with electron irradiation of ion beam after skimmer in the optics (priority ofIowaStateUniversity) is also discussed. Keywords : inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry, asymmetrical ion optics, arc-shaped ion deflection. (Russian) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.007 Surikov V.T. Federal State Budget Institute of Science «Institute of Solid State Chemistry of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences» (ISSC UB RAS), Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Self-interference of a toroidal Bose–Einstein condensate

We demonstrate the self-interference of a single Bose–Einstein condensate on a non-simply connected geometry, focussing on a toroidally trapped ring-shaped condensate. First, we show how the opposite parts of the ring can interfere using the Wigner function representation. Then, using analytical expressions for the time-evolution of a freely expanding ring-shaped condensate with and without a persistent current, we show that the self-interference of the ring-shaped condensate is possible only in the absence of the persistent current. We conclude by proposing an experimental protocol for the creation of ring dark solitons using the toroidal self-interference.

Influence of different spectral ranges of light and Ca2+ -channel blockers on Ca2+ and K+ levels in Phaseolus coccineus L. pulvini

The effect of different spectral ranges of light on the modification of transport processes in isolated parts of <i>Phaseolus coccineus</i> pulvini was analysed in a bath medium by determining the Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> contents. After 1 h incubation of separated fragments of the extensor and flexor in solutions containing deionized water, medium, or medium with verapamil or nifedipine, the investigated material was irradiated with monochromatic light of different wavelengths. The concentration of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and the pH value were determined in the medium. The obtained results suggest the occurrence of a specific coupling between the concentration of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> dependend on the wavelength of the applied light and part of the pulvinus. Certain spectral ranges of light brought about opposite effects on ion transport in opposite parts of the pulvinus. Changes in the pH of mediums containing isolated parts of the pulvini part to different effects of blue, red, and far-red light on the activity of H<sup>+</sup>-pumps located in the motor cells. The use of verapamil and nifedipine, specific Ca<sup>2+</sup>-channel blockers, made it possible to demonstrate the significant effect of Ca<sup>2+</sup> on the activity and functioning of K<sup>+</sup> -channels. The two types of inhibitors decreased the influx of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> to motor cells of the pulvini, however they did not limit the efflux of ions to the medium. The obtained results suggest that Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions take part in transduction of the light signal. It seems probable that the action of blue light is also mediated by part of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions.

Flow structure and heat transfer in a square passage with offset mid-truncated ribs

The enhancement of heat transfer attributed from rib turbulators relative to the increased pressure drop in the channel is a crucial design parameter. Thus, the design of the truncated ribs (whose length is less than the passage width) provides options to address such cooling requirements when the pressure loss is a critical factor. Considering different types of truncated ribs, mid-truncated ribs (which are truncated in the central part of the rib) have been proved to show better thermal performance than other types of truncated ribs. A numerical study of mid-truncated ribs with different offset placements or angles on turbulent heat transfer inside a non-rotating cooling passage of a gas turbine blade is performed for inlet Reynolds number ranging from 10,000 to 50,000. The overall performance characteristics of six different types of mid-truncated ribbed arrangements are also compared: Cases A1, A2, A3 utilize mid-truncated spanwise ribs with different relative rib stagger positions at different spanwise locations; Cases B, C, D utilize mid-truncated angled ribs with the ribs oriented at ±45° (Case B), +45°/+45° (Case C), and ±135° (Case D). In all cases, a gap is present between the ribs placed on opposite spanwise parts of the channel, to provide the mid-truncation. It is found that the 135° mid-truncated rib (Case D) has the highest heat transfer coefficient, while the 90° mid-truncated ribs with no offset placement (Case A1) behave best in reducing pressure loss penalty. Although Case A shows larger heat transfer augmentation, Case D is advantageous for augmenting side-wall heat transfer when the pressure loss is considered and the Reynolds number is comparatively large. Case C exhibits the best overall thermal performance over the largest range of experimental conditions when the pressure drop is also considered. Staggered arrangement for 90° mid-truncated ribs can enhance heat transfer efficiently and makes a good overall performance at low Reynolds numbers. Case A1 can be used in practical operation because of reduced weight and good thermal performance at high Reynolds numbers. This is the first study on various offset mid-truncated ribs aiming to improve the heat transfer of turbine blade internal cooling passages with reduced pressure loss penalty.

Prevalence of Malnutrition in Various Political, Economic, and Geographic Settings

Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) represents a critical public health concern. Therefore, Fight Against Malnutrition (FAM) should be a state priority, but the degree to which this is true appears to differ considerably among European countries. The aim of this study was to put the problem into perspective by comparing the prevalence of malnutrition in countries from opposite parts of the continent. Six countries-Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Turkey-participated in the study. A short questionnaire was used to assess DRM: its prevalence, the current situation in hospitals, regulations for reimbursement, and general healthcare circumstances. Data from ESPEN's NutritionDay 2006 were used to broaden the perspective. At admission in October 2012, 4068 patients were assessed. The study was performed in 160 hospitals and 225 units with 9143 beds. The highest proportions of patients with 3 or more points on the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 were observed in Estonia (80.4%) and Turkey (39.4%), whereas the lowest were in Lithuania (14.2%). The provision of nutrition support was best in Turkey (39.4% required intervention, 34.4% received intervention) and Poland (21.9% and 27.8%, respectively). Nutrition support teams (NSTs) are active in some countries, whereas in others they virtually do not exist. The prevalence of malnutrition was quite high in some countries, and the nutrition approach differed among them. It could be the result of the lack of reimbursement, inactive or nonexistent NSTs, and low nutrition awareness. Those facts confirmed that the continuation of FAM activities is necessary.

A systems biology approach to the hepatic role of the oxysterol receptor LXR in the regulation of lipogenesis highlights a cross-talk with PPARα

The Liver X Receptors (LXRs) α and β and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) are transcription factors that belong to class II nuclear receptors. They drive the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid homeostasis and therefore are important targets for the prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). LXRs and PPARα are regulated by endogenous ligands, oxysterols and fatty acid derived molecules, respectively. In the liver, pharmacological activation of LXRs leads to the over-expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, while PPARα is critical for fatty acid catabolism in nutrient deprivation. Even if these two nuclear receptors seemed to play opposite parts, recent studies have highlighted that PPARα also influence the expression of genes involved in fatty acids synthesis. In this study, we used pharmacological approaches and genetically engineered mice to investigate the cross-talk between LXRs and PPARα in the regulation of genes responsible for lipogenesis. We first investigated the effect of T0901317 and fenofibrate, two synthetic agonists of LXRs and PPARα, respectively. As expected, T0901317 and fenofibrate induce expression of genes involved LXR-dependent and PPARα-dependent lipogenic responses. Considering such overlapping effect, we then tested whether LXR agonist may influence PPARα driven response and vice versa. We show that the lack of PPARα does not influence the effects of T0901317 on lipogenic genes expression. However, PPARα deficiency prevents the up-regulation of genes involved in ω-hydroxylation that are induced by the LXR agonist. In addition, over-expression of lipogenic genes in response to fenofibrate is decreased in LXR knockout mice as well as the expression of PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Altogether, our work provides invivo evidence for a central interconnection between nuclear receptors that drive hepatic lipid metabolism in response to oxysterol and fatty acids.

Between Securocratic Historiography and the Diasporic Imaginary: Framing the Transnational Violence of Air India Flight 182

In June 2010, the Canadian government published its Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182. Eight months later, in February 2011, a mass grave containing the remains of thirty-two Sikhs who perished in the anti-Sikh pogroms of 1984 was discovered in the Rewari District of Haryana, India. Originating in opposite parts of the world, these two events and their aftermaths may seem to have had little to do with each other; however, we relate them to a context that underscores the extent to which Canada and India as secular democratic nation-states are complicit in the transnational production of violence. The first part of our essay focuses on Bruce Hoffman’s “Study of International Terrorism,” which opens the commission’s research volumes. Hoffman argues that the Air India bombing “merely perpetuated a cycle of anti-state, inter-communal violence that fed off itself ” in the wake of Indira Gandhi’s assassination and the subsequent massacres of thousands of Sikhs throughout India (2010: 34). We critique the taxonomy of secular and religious terrorism in which Hoffman’s analysis is inscribed, because it elides the managerial role of the nation-state in historiographies of violence occurring within, across and beyond the borders of India and Canada. The second part of our essay interprets Srinivas Krishna’s Masala (1991) and “When Lions Roar” (2011), among other texts, as cultural refractions of violence and the “management of grief ” (Bharati Mukherjee) that continue to mark the events of 1984 and 1985 as “unhoused” rather than distinctly Canadian episodes (quoted in Bowen 1997: 59). We pursue our analysis beyond the events themselves to investigate how they are portrayed in flawed historiographies like Hoffman’s and in transnational cultural texts that resist the implications of Hoffman’s analysis. We thus seek to represent not only the cycle of violence but also the “willed, civilised response” to it (Ghosh 2005).

Mechanochemistry of single red blood cells monitored using Raman tweezers

Two microparticles were biochemically attached to a red blood cell at diametrically opposite parts and held by optical traps allowing to impose deformations. The cell deformation was monitored from the microscopy images. Raman spectra of the cell under tunable deformations were studied. Vibrational spectra analysis at different stretching states was supported with two statistical methods. Principal Component Analysis distinguishes the most prominent changes in spectra while 2D correlation technique monitors the evolution of Raman bands during stretching. The measurements show significant changes in the cell chemical structure with stretching however the changes saturate above 20% of cell deformation. Mechanical deformation of the cell mainly affects the bands corresponding to hemoglobin but contributions from spectrin and membrane proteins can not be excluded. The saturation of bands at higher deformations suggests some structural relaxation that RBC has to undergo to bear extra load. The results confirm widely accepted belief that spectrin released from membrane proteins allows for significant shape changes of the cells. We therefore tentatively suggest that interaction between membrane and cytoskeleton during deformation can be efficiently probed by confocal Raman spectroscopy, in particular via the peak around 1035 cm−1.

The role of proton transporters in epithelial Wnt signaling pathways

The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway polarizes epithelia in the plane of a tissue. It regulates form and function of tissues and manifests itself by the polarized formation of cellular appendages such as epidermal hairs and cilia. Defects in the pathway are often associated with organ malformation and disease. In the kidney, the molecular events leading to cyst formation in polycystic kidney disease involve the PCP pathway. PCP is, however, best understood in Drosophila where genetic screens have identified a group of PCP core proteins including the Wnt receptor Frizzled (Fz), Dishevelled (Dsh), and Flamingo (Fmi). These proteins can localize to opposite parts of the plasma membrane in response to a poorly understood symmetry breaking event. Recent evidence suggests that proton transporters may play a role in regulating the asymmetric localization of PCP core proteins. Several papers have reported that the (pro)renin receptor, which is an associated subunit of the proton pumping V-ATPase, is required for PCP, but also for canonical Wnt signaling. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings for diverse developmental settings.