Opposite Faces Research Articles

Seeing attractive faces challenges inhibitory control, especially when mindful.

Previous studies have suggested positive effects of mindfulness on inhibitory control (stopping behaviour). However, scarce previous studies suggest the relationship may depend on context. We provide first evidence that inhibitory control is challenged when perceiving attractive faces, especially when being mindful. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between mindfulness and inhibitory control and the moderating role of a social reward context (being exposed to attractive opposite sex faces). Participants (n = 50) between 18-43 years old (M = 25, SD = 5.4) filled out questionnaires assessing standard demographic variables and dispositional mindfulness. Subsequently, they performed a Go/No-go task with a neutral condition and attractive faces condition. Results showed that inhibitory control was challenged in the attractive condition relative to the neutral condition, p = 0.019. Dispositional mindfulness was negatively correlated with inhibitory performance, but only in the attractive faces condition (r = -0.32, p = 0.024). Results did not support a moderating role of gender. Finally, though post-hoc, higher mindfulness was associated with reduced perceived attractiveness of presented faces (r = -0.33, p = 0.019). However, the relationship between mindfulness and reduced inhibitory control could not be explained by mindfulness associated reduced attractiveness. Taken together, results show that mindfulness challenges inhibitory control when perceiving attractive faces. This implies that mindfulness interventions aimed at enhancing inhibitory control, may not render the desired effect in a context of being exposed to attractive faces. Though certainly plausible, it remains an open question whether results generalize to other reward contexts as well.

Analysis of Application the Device with Non-standart Scanner Installation for Rail Condition Monitoring

In this work, the possibility of application the device with a non-standard (side) piezoelectric sensor installation for rail condition monitoring is considered. The aim of this device application is reducing the risks of using single-strand flaw detectors on railway tracks with fixation system on the rail in the form of two rebords. Also, the application of this device allows you to obtain a new qualification criterion for the integrity of the rail, which is located in the railroad groundwork. This criterion is the presence of a signal from the opposite face of the rail head, which, in addition to the possible detection of a 30В.1-2 defect (DG) or 113 also allows you to record developed defects of the rail neck, passing into its head and implemented by sounding the rail head of the linear section of the track in the transverse direction (from the working to the non-working face). The study of round ultrasonic transducers of different frequencies was carried out. It has shown impossibility of using 10 MHz transducers. The results of statistical estimation of rail thickness and corresponding amplification levels are presented. The presence of statistically significant differences in the monitoring of different frequencies sensors and different sensors of the same frequency (which is relevant only for 5 MHz) was found. The difference between the maximum and minimum average in the test group of measured values of rail thickness was 0.06 mm, and between amplification levels — 17 dB.

High-performance tri-band graphene plasmonic microstrip patch antenna using superstrate double-face metamaterial for THz communications

Abstract Recently, graphene-patch antennas have been widely used in communication technology, especially in THz applications due to the extraordinary properties of graphene material. Herein, a graphene-based rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate material (ɛr = 4.3). A single and double-faced superstrate MTM is placed upon the radiating patch for di erent purposes, such as enhancing the overall antenna performance, protecting the patch from environmental jeopardies, and generating a multiband resonance frequency. A single face superstrate triangle SRR unit was used to produce a dual-band frequency at 3.5 and 4.331 THz. The S 11 of the dual-band structure is achieved to be −26.78 dB and −46.25 dB with a bandwidth of 400 GHz and 460 GHz, respectively. The double face superstrate MTM unit cell of the triangle SRR printed on the opposite face gives another resonant frequency, so, triple frequency bands of 2.32, 3.35, and 4.38 THz with a wide impedance bandwidth of 230, 520, and 610 GHz, were generated, respectively. The double-face superstrate MTM not only enhances the antenna performance but also generates another resonant frequency that could be used in the next 6G communications. The proposed antenna is designed and optimized using two commercial 3D full-wave software, CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS, to validate the results.

Flexural Behaviour of SFRC Curved Deep Beams

Abstract: As per IS 456:2000, deep beams can be defined as the structures that having span to depth ratio less than 2 for a simply supported beam and 2.5 for a continuous beam. Also these members are loaded on one face and supported on the opposite face. Uses of curved deep beams are increasing in structures like rounded corners of buildings, circular balconies, water tanks etc. Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is a concrete with short, discrete lengths of steel fibers which are randomly dispersed. The load deformation behavior of curved deep beam of different curvatures gives an idea about the effect of curvature on the performance of curved deep beam. The structure that generates comparatively small deformation within the applied load can be considered as relatively safe. This paper illustrates the effect of curvature or central angle on the ultimate load behavior of SFRC curved deep beam and analyzing its flexural behaviour. Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with 1% steel fiber is used in the current study. The central subtended angles adopted for the study are 00 , 450 , 600 , 900 , 1200 , and 1800 . As the central subtended angle increases, curvature also increases. The analysis of the structure has been carried out using ANSYS Software

Analytical Solution for the Three-Dimensional Vibration of a Rectangular Functionally Graded Material Plate with Two Simply Supported Opposite Faces

Analytical solutions based on three-dimensional (3D) elasticity for the vibrations of functionally graded material (FGM) plates are valuable for assessing the validity and accuracy of various plate theories and numerical approaches. Few benchmark 3D analytical solutions for the vibrations of FGM plates are available in the literature. In this study, analytical solutions based on Fourier series and 3D elasticity were developed for the first time for the vibrations of FGM rectangular plates with two simply supported opposite edge faces. The distributions of the properties of FGMs through the thickness follow a simple power law. The proposed solutions were validated by conducting comprehensive convergence studies on the vibration frequencies of square plates with different thickness-to-side ratios and boundary conditions as well as comparisons with published results. The benchmark nondimensional frequencies were tabulated for plates with free boundary conditions on the top and bottom faces and six combinations of boundary conditions on the other two faces. Moreover, the effects of aspect ratio and gradient index on the vibration frequencies of FGM plates were investigated. The influence of the thickness ratio of the FGM layer to the homogenous layer on the vibration frequencies of sandwich plates with FGM face sheets and a homogeneous core was also studied.

Spatial Organization of Photocatalysts and Enzymes on Janus-Type DNA Nanosheets for Efficient CO2 Conversion

Bioinspired photosynthetic systems composed of photocatalysts and enzymes are a notable framework for converting CO2 to high-value chemicals. However, catalyst/enzyme deactivation and poor electron transfer kinetics in multistep photochemical processes severely limit their catalytic efficiencies. In this study, Janus-type DNA nanosheets (NSs) presenting two different DNA sequences on each face were utilized as a support for the selective immobilization of a Rh complex and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) for concerted catalytic reactions for CO2 reduction. Based on the face selectivity, DNA-conjugated Rh complex and FDH were immobilized on NSs into four different configurations: Rh complex on NS (NS1), FDH on NS (NS2), Rh complex and FDH on opposite faces of NS (NS3), FDH and Rh complex on the same face of NS (NS4). The catalytic system exhibited CO2 conversion efficiencies highly dependent on the spatial organization of Rh complex and FDH, showing the reactivity for the formate production in the order of NS1 coupled with free FDH > NS3 > NS2 coupled with free Rh complex > NS4 > free Rh complex and FDH. The NS1 coupled with free FDH showed turnover number (TON) of 1360 for the formate production based on NAD+, which is the highest value reported thus far for Rh-based photocatalyst/enzyme coupled systems. The results demonstrate that the compartmentalization of photocatalysts and biological enzymes is a viable approach for improving the efficiency of CO2 conversion and provide important design rules for building efficient artificial photosynthetic systems.

Beryllium incorporation in corundum

AbstractThe structure of corundum is not amenable to accommodating beryllium, yet Be is commonly added to corundum for purposes of colour modification. Where the main sites in corundum are octahedrally coordinated, Be is tetrahedrally coordinated in all known Be minerals. To attempt to explain this discrepancy, the configurations of Be in the Be–Al–O±H system were determined using density functional theory (DFT). In the Be–Al–O system, the most likely Be configuration is in triangular coordination, replacing Al and bonded to three oxygen on the basal plane (large triangle) of the Al-vacant octahedral site. When H is added, OH groups form at the opposite face of the same octahedron, pointing either into or out of the site. Be–H (beryllium hydride) defects are also stable at the DFT level, with Be bonded to three O and one H. As some defects contain O–H or Be–H bonds, the DFT calculations can be corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy. Spectra recorded from 1000 corundum crystals with elevated Be confirm that bands centred at 3062 and 2490 cm–1correspond to Be-associated defects. Polarised spectra show that the band at 2490 cm–1resolves into two, one centred at 2491 cm–1, with a shoulder at 2523 cm–1, one of which is probably associated with a Be–H bond. The 3062 cm–1band resolves into at least three, including a major band at 3058 cm–1, a shoulder at 3140 cm–1and a small, sharp band at 3082 cm–1. Whilst there are caveats relating to curve fitting and baseline subtraction, the 3058 cm–1band can probably be attributed to the defect where H points into the Al-vacant octahedral site, and the 3140 cm–1band to the defect where the H points out. To our knowledge, this is the first occurrence of Be in triangular coordination proposed for a naturally occurring mineral. This substitution mechanism may also explain the high diffusivity of Be, as Be is effectively associated with its own Al vacancy.

РАЗРЕШИМОСТЬ ЗАДАЧИ О РАВНОВЕСИИ ДЛЯ ТЕРМОУПРУГОЙ ПЛАСТИНЫ КИРХГОФА – ЛЯВА С НАКЛОННОЙ ТРЕЩИНОЙ

We formulate a variational problem of equilibrium for a thermoelastic Kirchhoff–Love plate with an oblique crack. In the initial state, the crack is given by a sufficiently smooth surface, while opposite faces of the crack are in contact with each other. A general nonpenetration condition for oblique cracks is used, which was proposed by professor A. M. Khludnev for the Kirchhoff–Love plate in the framework of elastic constitutive relations. The peculiarity is that the condition is nonlocal.  On the outer edge of the plate, conditions of rigid clamping are imposed. An initial temperature distribution is considered given. The solvability of the problem is proved under the assumption that the thermal expansion parameter is sufficiently small. The equilibrium equations are obtained in the subdomain corresponding to the part of the plate without the crack.

Centerline and blockstructure for fast structured mesh generation

Abstract In contrast to unstructured meshes, structured meshes yield faster simulation results for bio-medical simulations, but are very time-consuming to create. A preprocessing step in the generation of structured meshes is the manual construction of a blockstructure approximating the vessel. Here, we present an automatic centerline calculation and blockstructure generation to reduce the user effort and time of structured mesh generation. The centerline is detected as points in between opposite faces. Based on the centerline, cross sections are determined and a blockstructure which approximates the vessel is automatically generated. The centerline detection does not require time-consuming user input and meshes with more than 195,000 vertices are processed in less than 160 seconds. The results of the presented automatic centerline detection are compared to a centerline with manual input generated by the widely used vmtk tool. The centerlines are similar, small differences occur at bifurcation and at the aneurysm.

Electric double layer overlap limits flow rate in Janus electrocatalytic self-pumping membranes

Nanoporous membranes with platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) coated on opposite faces can autonomously pump fluid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, but the physics is not fully understood. Here, we show with simulation results that the self-pumping flow rate can be considerably increased by avoiding the overlap of electric double layers (EDL) inside pores. Due to catalytic electrochemical reactions on Pt and Au, hydrogen ions (H+) are generated and depleted on opposite sides of the membrane, establishing a self-generated electric field and associated electro-osmotic flow through the pores. By optimizing the pore radius, EDL overlap is avoided and an area-averaged self-pumping flow speed of 23 µm/s can be achieved, which is 20 times higher than previously reported. By conducting the first-ever physico-chemical computational model of self-pumping membranes, this work reveals the mechanism of self-pumping flow in porous two-sided “Janus” membranes and highlights the potential of developing biomimetic membranes and lab-on-chip devices that can precisely and remotely control fluid flow in pores or channels in an “on/off” manner.

Investigation of implicit constitutive relations in which both the stress and strain appear linearly, adjacent to non-penetrating cracks

A novel class of implicit constitutive relations is studied, wherein the stress and the linearized strain appear linearly, that describe material response in elastic porous bodies like rocks, ceramics, concrete, cement, bones and metals. The constitutive relation is applied to a body with a crack subjected to non-penetration conditions between the opposite crack faces. To treat well-posedness of a corresponding variational inequality, we rely on a new approximation by thresholding dilatation and apply the Lions existence theorem on pseudo-monotone variational inequalities. An analytical solution to a specific example (without crack) under uniform triaxial loading is constructed, wherein blow-up can take place at a finite load, and this difficulty is overcome within a thresholding approximation so that blow-up does not occur.

Cover Feature: Syn and Anti Metal Complexes of 24π Antiaromatic Bis(Dicarbonylrhodium(I))Dithiaamethyrin (Chem. Asian J. 14/2022)

The reaction of a sterically less hindered tetrapropyl[24]dithiaamethyrin(1.0.0.1.0.0) (with antiaromatic character) and [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 synthesized a unique anti isomer of the bis(dicarbonylrhodium(I)) product, with two rhodium ions on the opposite faces of the macrocyclic ligand, and the corresponding syn isomer. Structural analyses by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and density functional theory calculations indicated that the anti isomer exhibited a stronger paratropic ring current and a more planar structure than the syn isomer. More information can be found in the Research Article by Yoshihiro Ishimaru et al.

Numerical simulation of wind-driven ventilation of a three-generic low-rise building in various geometrical configurations

Abstract Natural ventilation is the main passive strategy for thermal comfort inside buildings and renewal of the air, making it healthier. In recent decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics has proven to be an efficient tool for estimating natural ventilation. The objective of this work was to study the ventilation from the action of the wind inside models of low-rise buildings to observe how geometric conditions influence the topology of the flow and volume flow ratesusing the open source software OpenFOAM. In order to verify and validate the software, a 3D building model with openings on opposite faces was used. Subsequently, arrays of three buildings were studied albeit considering the problem as two-dimensional. In the arrangements, three different terrain slopes and four distance values between buildings were tested. The results show that ventilation in the second and third buildings was gradually recovered with an increase in separation and terrain slope, although the values obtained in the first building were not reached.

Thermoelectric Refrigeration System

A thermoelectric refrigerator, also known as a thermoelectric cooler module or Peltier cooler, is an electric component made of semi-conductors that acts as a tiny heat pump. When a thermoelectric cooler module is powered by a low voltage direct current power source, heat is transferred from one side to the other. As a result, one module face will be cooled while the opposite face is heated at the same time. The same fundamental laws of thermodynamics govern both thermoelectric and mechanical refrigerators, and both refrigeration systems, despite their vastly different appearances, operate on the same principles.

A graph-theory based directed network feature for thermal anisotropy

The effective thermal conductivity of a granular material varies with the predominant heat transfers direction. The anisotropic effective thermal conductivity is known to be dominated by the microstructure in a dry material. However, no microstructural parameters that are well related to thermal anisotropy have been proposed. After analysing the heat transfer mechanisms at the particle scale, this work constructs new directed weighted thermal networks for both lattice and randomly distributed sphere packings, by considering particles as nodes and local heat transfer paths with thermal resistance as directed edges. With the implementation of graph theory to the directed weighted thermal networks, the shortest preferential heat transfer paths between nodes paired at opposite faces of a sample across the driving temperature gradient direction are identified. Based on the shortest heat transfer paths, a new sample-scale feature named “directed network thermal resistance” is computed for each sample. This new parameter accounts for particle connectivity, interparticle contact orientation and contact quality simultaneously. After computing the effective thermal conductivity of each sample in different directions using a weighted thermal network model, it is found that directed network thermal resistance is inversely proportional to anisotropic effective thermal conductivity.

Syn and Anti Metal Complexes of 24π Antiaromatic Bis(Dicarbonylrhodium(I))Dithiaamethyrin.

From the reaction of sterically less hindered tetrapropyl[24]dithiaamethyrin(1.0.0.1.0.0) 5, with [Rh(CO)2 Cl]2 , a unique anti form of the bis(dicarbonylrhodium(I)) complex (6-anti), where two rhodium ions are on the opposite faces of the macrocyclic ligand, was isolated for the first time in 12% yield along with the corresponding syn isomer (6-syn, 61% yield). These structures were characterized in detail by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compound 6-syn exhibited a bowl-shaped structure with the two rhodium atoms separated by a distance of ∼4.5 Å. In contrast, 6-anti contained a wave-shaped macrocycle with a distance of ∼5.3 Å between the two rhodium atoms. Furthermore, the 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and density functional theory calculation results revealed that 6-anti had a stronger paratropic ring current and a more planar structure than 6-syn. The isolation of both 6-anti and 6-syn enabled detailed discussion of the structure-property relationship.

Sequential electron transfer in a bis(styryl)BODIPY-aluminum(III) porphyrin – naphthalenediimide reaction center mimic

Photoinduced electron transfer properties are reported for a triad composed of a central aluminum(III) porphyrin (AlPorF[Formula: see text] with a secondary electron donor, bis-triphenylaminoborondipyrromethene (TPA2-BDP) attached covalently to AlPorF3, and an electron acceptor, pyridine-appended naphthalenediimide (NDI), attached by coordination of the pyridine group to the AlPor on the opposite face. Excitation of either the AlPorF3 or BDP-TPA2 in the triad results in a two-step electron transfer leading to (TPA2-BDP)[Formula: see text]-AlPorF3-NDI[Formula: see text] as the final charge-separated species. The electron transfer is investigated using the steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and time-resolved EPR spectroscopy. The behavior of the triad is compared to that of a previously reported triad in which the NDI acceptor was replaced with C[Formula: see text]. The two triads have virtually identical energetics, but the reorganization energies of the acceptors are known to be very different. The spectroscopic data show that the final charge-separated state is formed in both triads despite the large difference in the reorganization energy associated with the acceptors. This suggests that the ability to perform sequential electron transfer does not depend strongly on the properties of the final acceptor, provided that secondary electron transfer can outcompete recombination in the initial charge-separated state.

Functional morphology of the seminal receptacle of Mithrax, Mithraculus and Omalacantha spider crabs (Brachyura: Mithracidae)

Most Majoidea crabs display high sperm competition rates due to the development of spermatic strata within the seminal receptacle (SR). To verify the occurrence of sperm competition, SR anatomy and histochemistry analyses were performed in Mithrax hispidus, Omalacantha bicornuta, and Mithraculus forceps. The SR of the three Mithracidae species is classified into two regions, one of mesodermal origin (dorsal), consisting of a stratified epithelium with desquamation cells that produce a holocrine secretion, and the other, an ectodermal region (ventral) comprising a simple cubic epithelium covered by a cuticle. The oviduct opens in a ventral position near the transition region, which exhibits more pronounced folds on the opposite face of the oviduct, which may aid fertilization due to the presence of an external musculature. Sperm masses in a circular format were observed in the SR lumen, reminiscent of coenospermic spermatophores, and no morphological evidence strata of sperm packets were observed in any of the three studied species. The ventral SR followed the most common pattern observed in Majoidea. The secretion produced in the receptacle is composed of glycoproteins, with neutral polysaccharides. Acidic polysaccharides probably play a role against microorganisms from male seminal fluid. Due to the absence sperm packets, we were unable to determine whether the investigated females receive material from more than one male nor (if this does, in fact, occur) whether any preference for the spermatozoa of one male over another takes place during fertilization, that can may indicate the absence of sperm competition in the investigated species.

Numerical and experimental study on a concrete slab behavior in steady periodic state in presence of metal cylinders perpendicular to the slab surface

The well established interest in underfloor heating systems has grown in recent years mainly due to the possibility that these systems offer to be supplied with water at low temperatures, therefore with renewable sources or similar to them (solar energy, heat pump, cogeneration). This advantage and these systems performance can be improved by increasing the thermal conductivity of everything inserted between the pipes in which hot water flows and the indoor environment/ambient. In a previous work a mortar slab with embedded metal cylinders has been studied, to evaluate the conductivity increase due to the metal elements presence. Moreover, the slowness in response to the regulation system actions, necessary to maintain the desired environmental conditions as the heating loads vary, is considered a radiant floor heating system fault; in this paper this aspect has been investigated. A numerical study and an experimental investigation have been conducted, to evaluate the mortar thermal inertia variation due to the presence of metal cylinder elements embedded in the slab. Resultsshow that the time-costant Cτ value is reduced up to 75% compared to pure mortar, and a lower amplitude reduction (damping) on the opposite face of the slab is observed, making this mortar with metal elements a good solution for radiant floor equipments.

A cryptic K48 ubiquitin chain binding site on UCH37 is required for its role in proteasomal degradation.

Degradation by the 26 S proteasome is an intricately regulated process fine tuned by the precise nature of ubiquitin modifications attached to a protein substrate. By debranching ubiquitin chains composed of K48 linkages, the proteasome-associated ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase UCHL5/UCH37 serves as a positive regulator of protein degradation. How UCH37 achieves specificity for K48 chains is unclear. Here, we use a combination of hydrogen-deuterium mass spectrometry, chemical crosslinking, small-angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), molecular docking, and targeted mutagenesis to uncover a cryptic K48 ubiquitin (Ub) chain-specific binding site on the opposite face of UCH37 relative to the canonical S1 (cS1) ubiquitin-binding site. Biochemical assays demonstrate the K48 chain-specific binding site is required for chain debranching and proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins modified with branched chains. Using quantitative proteomics, translation shutoff experiments, and linkage-specific affinity tools, we then identify specific proteins whose degradation depends on the debranching activity of UCH37. Our findings suggest that UCH37 and potentially other DUBs could use more than one S1 site to perform different biochemical functions.