Opportunity Recognition Research Articles

Innovative Behaviour and Opportunity Recognition in Food and Beverages Firms, Port Harcourt

The study examined innovative behaviour and opportunity recognition of food and beverages firms in Port Harcourt. The study used a correlational research methodology, and the population consisted of 25 food and beverage businesses in Rivers State. The study used a census survey with a managerial staff focus in addition to its population of 25 food and beverage companies. One hundred twenty-five (125) copies of the questionnaire were made available in total. The data collected for this study were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Technique was employed to test the various hypotheses formulated with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the data generated and analysed, it was empirically discovered that a positive and significant relationship exists between Innovative Behaviour and Opportunity Recognition of food and beverages firms in Port Harcourt. Problem solving and creativity showed a strong positive relationship with s opportunity recognition of food and beverages firms in Port Harcourt. The study concluded that engaging in innovative behaviour will achieve bumper success in many food and beverages firms. Following the conclusion above, the study therefore recommends that; Food and beverages firms in Port Harcourt should adopt problem solving approach to take advantage of market opportunities and improve sales and also food and beverages firms should be creative and innovative, especially through new product development, being first to market with new products.

Public Perception and Geopolitical Implications of China's Engagement in Albania

This study delves into the multifaceted nature of China's engagement in Albania, with a focus on understanding the nuanced public perceptions surrounding this involvement. Situated within the broader context of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it examines the impact of China's expanding influence in the Western Balkans, particularly through the lens of Albania's strategic geopolitical positioning and rich historical context. Furthermore, by exploring the grassroots-level reception, the research aims to uncover the economic, political, and socio-cultural dimensions of China's presence in Albania and assess the broader implications of such foreign engagements in smaller, strategically located nations. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study synthesizes findings from seven comprehensive surveys from three distinct sources: the Western Balkan Security Barometer, the China-Eastern European Countries (CEEC) group surveys, and the Balkan Barometer. This time-sequenced comparative perspective reveals a complex landscape of public opinion that is characterized by a shift from initially positive perceptions towards a more cautious and critical engagement with China's role in Albania. Overall, the study highlights a growing skepticism and a strategic recalibration of Albania's international alignments, evidenced by a nuanced preference for European Union integration over a deeper alliance with China. In conclusions, the findings suggest that while there is recognition of the economic opportunities presented by China's engagement, there is also an acute awareness of the potential pitfalls and complexities of such international partnerships. In this context, the paper argues for the importance of fostering an informed public discourse to navigate the challenges posed by global diplomacy and foreign influence. As Albania stands at a crossroads in its foreign policy, the evolving public perceptions underscore the need for a balanced approach that harmonizes established Western partnerships with emerging opportunities in the East. This study contributes to a richer understanding of Sino-Albanian relations and offers insights into the critical role of awareness and information in shaping the trajectory of international relations in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.
 
 Received: 27 February 2024 / Accepted: 22 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024

Assessment of loyalty factors of employees in pharmaceutical organizations

Assessment of loyalty factors of employees in pharmaceutical organizations

Resilience in Adversity: COVID-19 Pandemic Challenges in Diminishing Entrepreneurial Intentions and Business Startups

In this study, the researchers explore the effects of COVID-19-related challenges, such as fear and anxiety about COVID-19, the uncertainty of COVID-19, and the recognition of business opportunities for entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. This study used quantitative methods and based their findings on 278 usable samples collected from Egyptian entrepreneurs. Employing the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through SmartPLS4 shows that fear and anxiety arising from the COVID-19 pandemic harm entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. Moreover, the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and the recognition of business opportunities positively and significantly impact entrepreneurial intentions and business startups. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study’s findings support psychological well-being, reduce uncertainty, foster the recognition of business opportunities, and implement supportive policies to promote entrepreneurial intentions and successful business startups.

Assessing the Impact of Financial and Non-financial Rewards on Job Satisfaction: A Cross-sectional Study Among Employees of Health Secretariat Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background: An organization's ability to deliver quality services completely depends on its management of human resource in an efficient manner. To maximize potential of health-care professionals, job satisfaction becomes utmost significant. Objectives: To assess the impact of financial and non-financial rewards on job satisfaction of employees of Health Secretariat Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to August 2019. A pilot tested and validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the employees of health secretariat department through convenience sampling technique. A total of 50 forms were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS. Satisfaction in job, financial and non-financial rewards were tested for their t-statistics and significance level using multiple linear regressions followed by determining effects of moderator of age, experience, and education when employed as an interaction variable. Results: The study results demonstrate that non-financial rewards have more significant relationship (p < 0.05) in determining job satisfaction of employees compared to financial rewards. However, the moderators of increase in age, education and experience (AEE) were seen to enhance the job satisfaction-financial rewards (JS-FR) relationship while AEE had no impact on job satisfaction-nonfinancial rewards (JS-NFR) relationship. Conclusion: The non-financial rewards (recognition, responsibility, autonomy and provision of skill enhancement opportunities) are shown to play a key role in job satisfaction of employees. Hence health organizations should consider them included in their management for more job satisfaction.Keywords: Financial Rewards, Health Care, Human Resource, Job Satisfaction, Pakistan.

A Mediating Effect of Economic Stability and Market Opportunities on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Resources and Entrepreneurial Intention

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in economic development, particularly in emerging economies like China. Understanding the determinants of entrepreneurial intention is essential for fostering entrepreneurship and driving economic growth. This study investigates the mediating role of economic stability and market opportunities in the relationship between entrepreneurial resources and entrepreneurial intention, focusing on the contrasting environments of Sichuan and Shanghai in China. Drawing on resource-based view theory and opportunity recognition theory, this research proposes a conceptual model that posits entrepreneurial resources as antecedents to entrepreneurial intention, with economic stability and market opportunities as mediating variables. Data were collected through structured surveys from a sample of entrepreneurs in Sichuan and Shanghai. Preliminary findings suggest that entrepreneurial resources positively influence entrepreneurial intention, and this relationship is partially mediated by economic stability and market opportunities. The contrasting economic landscapes of Sichuan and Shanghai provide a unique context for understanding how regional differences impact the relationships among these variables. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by providing empirical evidence on the mediating mechanisms through which economic stability and market opportunities influence the relationship between entrepreneurial resources and entrepreneurial intention. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance entrepreneurial ecosystems and promote sustainable economic development in different regions of China. Further research could explore additional contextual factors and expand the scope to other regions or countries for comparative analysis.

Entrepreneurial leadership in high-tech industries: A review of key traits and success strategies

Entrepreneurial leadership plays a pivotal role in navigating the dynamic landscape of high-tech industries, where innovation, agility, and strategic vision are imperative for success. This paper provides a comprehensive review of key traits and success strategies associated with entrepreneurial leadership in the context of high-tech sectors. In high-tech industries, characterized by rapid technological advancements and fierce competition, the traditional leadership paradigm often falls short. Entrepreneurial leaders in this domain are distinguished by a set of traits that enable them to thrive in uncertainty and foster innovation. Proactivity, risk-taking propensity, and a keen sense of opportunity recognition emerge as fundamental traits that differentiate successful entrepreneurial leaders from their counterparts. This review explores how these traits contribute to creating an environment conducive to innovation and adaptation. Strategies employed by entrepreneurial leaders in high-tech industries are multifaceted, encompassing both organizational and individual levels. At the organizational level, fostering a culture of experimentation, encouraging cross-functional collaboration, and establishing flexible structures emerge as critical success factors. These strategies not only enhance the organization's adaptive capacity but also stimulate a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing. On an individual level, entrepreneurial leaders in high-tech industries often display a high degree of emotional intelligence, enabling them to navigate complex interpersonal relationships and foster a collaborative work environment. Additionally, effective communication and the ability to inspire and motivate diverse teams become crucial tools for leaders to drive innovation and ensure sustained success. Furthermore, the review delves into the role of strategic vision and adaptability in entrepreneurial leadership. Successful leaders in high-tech industries possess the foresight to anticipate market trends, coupled with the flexibility to adjust strategies swiftly in response to evolving technological landscapes. This paper encapsulates the essence of entrepreneurial leadership in high-tech industries by exploring key traits and success strategies. By understanding and incorporating these elements, leaders can cultivate an environment that fosters innovation, resilience, and sustainable growth in the ever-evolving high-tech landscape.

Social entrepreneurial opportunity recognition among higher education students: scale development and validation

PurposeThis study aims to develop and validate a multidimensional scale to measure the motivating factors that lead to opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship among higher education institute (HEI) students.Design/methodology/approachThe scale was developed through two phases; in phase 1, semi-structured interviews with social entrepreneurs and aspiring students were conducted to explore themes for item generation. Phase 2 included developing and validating the scale using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The sample included HEI students (n = 300 for EFA, n = 300 for CFA) with either academic background or volunteering experiences in social entrepreneurship.FindingsA 24-item scale is developed in the study, with six factors measuring the motivating factors influencing opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship: life experiences, social awareness, social inclination, community development, institutional voids and natural option for a meaningful career.Research limitations/implicationsThe scale facilitates the development of theories and models in social entrepreneurship. The scale also enables policymakers and social entrepreneurship educators to understand the motivating factors that lead to opportunity recognition among students. It would help them to provide target-specific support to students.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to develop a scale that measures opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship based on specific motivating factors. The study used the model by Yitshaki and Kropp (2016) as the conceptual framework. This study is the first attempt to triangulate the model’s findings using a quantitative methodology and through the development of a measurement scale. Besides, the scale adds value to social entrepreneurship research, which lacks empirical research on HEI students.

Analysis of Essential Features and Optimal Operational Parameters of an RF-ICP Torch for Waste Treatment Applications

Recently, plasma-based pyrolysis has gained increasing prominence as a technology in response to the growing challenges in waste disposal and the recognition of opportunities to generate valuable by-products. The efficiency of the pyrolysis process is intricately tied to the characteristics of the plasma involved, particularly the effective electron temperature (Teff) and plasma density (ne). This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive examination of the essential features and optimal operational parameters of a developed RF-ICP torch specifically designed for small-scale municipal solid waste (MSW) pyrolysis (mixture of paper and polypropylene) with the goal of controlling both the torch and the overall process. Using optical emission spectroscopy (OES), we measured plasma parameters, specifically (Teff) and (ne), while varying argon gas flow rates and RF powers. The (Teff) and (ne)were determined using the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening, respectively. The RF torch was found to generate (ne) up to approximately 2.8×1020 cm−3 and (Teff) up to around 8200 K, with both parameters being controlled by the discharge power and gas flow rate. Additionally, a power-losing mechanism, namely the anomalous skin effect, was detected during the study, which is uncommon in atmospheric plasma discharge.

Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Role Models on Students’ Opportunity Recognition for Sustainable Development in Sustainable Entrepreneurship Education

The transformation toward a sustainable economy is considered one of the most effective measures to accelerate the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. Sustainable entrepreneurs contribute to this transformation by identifying and exploiting business opportunities based on sustainability challenges such as biodiversity loss. Recognizing a business opportunity to achieve sustainable development characterizes the beginning of the sustainable entrepreneurial process. Sustainable entrepreneurship education (SEE) aims to foster skills, knowledge, and attitudes to accomplish tasks within this complex process. Role models are a common pedagogical instrument in educational settings, such as SEE at higher education institutions, where sustainable entrepreneurs are integrated into the curriculum to enhance learning outcomes. Given the limited research on SEE for secondary education, an exploratory study is conducted to investigate the effects of sustainable entrepreneurial role models on opportunity recognition for sustainable development. A total of 136 secondary school students participated in a program that guided them through the first steps of the sustainable entrepreneurial process. A total of 68 students were non-randomly assigned to sustainable entrepreneurial role models, providing support and feedback. During the program, groups of 3–5 students generated opportunity ideas (n = 35) for sustainable development. The quality of the opportunity ideas is explored by a qualitative content analysis. The obtained data is further analyzed for statistical group differences. The findings indicate the potential positive effects of sustainable entrepreneurial role models on idea generation for sustainable development. The results can advise educators and researchers on the design and investigation of SEE for secondary education.

Cybervictimization in Relation to Self and Other Protection and Response Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Look at an Age-Diverse National Sample.

This study considered whether experiencing cybervictimization is associated with increased recognition of cybervictimization intervention opportunities (i.e., witnessing others' cybervictimization), as well as greater engagement in self-protective (e.g., changing usernames and privacy settings) and other-protective cybervictimization bystander response behaviors. We collected cross-sectional self-report data from an age-diverse (M = 46.29 years, SD = 19.14, range = 15-93) national sample (n = 3002). We hypothesized that: (1) personal experiences with cybervictimization would be associated with increased reports of witnessing opportunities to intervene when others are cybervictimized, greater self-reported use of active bystander behaviors in witnessed situations, and greater use of self-protective strategies; (2) We also expected that engagement in self-protective behaviors would be positively associated with engagement in other-protective bystander behaviors in response to witnessed cybervictimization. To test our hypotheses, we estimated a structural equation model wherein four latent variables were constructed: cybervictimization experienced, witnessed opportunities to intervene, engagement in self-protective behaviors, and engagement in other-protective cybervictimization bystander behaviors. As hypothesized, cybervictimization was associated with witnessing more opportunities to intervene in other's cybervictimization, greater self-reported use of active cyber bystander behaviors, and greater engagement in self-protective strategies. However, the strength of two associations was moderated by age, with stronger relationships between cybervictimization and witnessing opportunities to intervene as well as engaging in bystander behavior for older as compared to younger participants. Contrary to hypothesis, there were no significant associations between use of self and other protective behaviors. Furthermore, greater witnessing of cybervictimization was associated with less engagement in bystander behavior in the final model. The implications for existing bystander intervention programs are described. Longitudinal studies of these associations in multiple age groups and among different cultural groups remain necessary.

An Analysis of the Economic Dimensions of Entrepreneurship in Surah Al-Kahf

This paper analyzes Shah’s examination of entrepreneurial traits exemplified by the Companions of the Cave in Qur’anic Surah Al-Kahf verses 13-14. A literature review synthesizes existing research exploring Islamic entrepreneurial orientations derived from theology. The study employs qualitative methodology in categorizing entrepreneurial dimensions mentioned in the two ayat based on Shah’s framework highlighting ambition, risk-taking, resilience and spirituality. The traits are then analyzed against predominant entrepreneurship theory literature focused on opportunity recognition, resource leveraging and perseverance competencies. Findings suggest alignment between conventional and Qur’anic foundations in many aspects, though divergences exist regarding motivation sources driving enterprise. Practical implications propose integrating spiritual identity and purpose more strongly into entrepreneurship education programs to nurture morality-centered ambitions grounded in religious scripture.

Feminist Insight on Gendered Work: The Opportunity Recognition and Performance of Women's Entrepreneurship Influenced by Internal and External Factors

Many people believe that family responsibilities on the part of women will not prevent them from improving their performance, religion, and traditions prevailing in Indonesian society. This study aims to examine the internal-external factors that influence on women entrepreneurs’ performance. This research was conducted in Indonesia using questionnaires for data collection. Using a survey data of 220 women entrepreneur from SMEs in Indonesia, the results of the analysis showed that entrepreneurial orientation (internal factor) and social culture (external factor) indirectly contributes to entrepreneurial recognition, where the relationship is partially mediated by entrepreneurial recognition.
 Keywords: women entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs performance, entrepreneurial recognition

PERCEIVED STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURIAL PLANNING AND OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION SKILLS NEEDED TO COMBAT YOUTH RESTIVENESS IN NORTH-WEST, NIGERIA

The study was conducted to ascertain the perceived strategic entrepreneurial planning and opportunity recognition skills needed to combat youth restiveness in North-West, Nigeria. It was guided by two specific purposes, two research questions and two null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consist of three hundred twenty-four (324) Business Education lecturers in eleven (11) tertiary institutions in North-West Nigeria. The sample size of the study comprised 179 Business Educators (123 males and 56 females). A proportionate sampling technique was used to apportion the sample size to each of the institutions under study. A 4-point rating scale questionnaire titled “Strategic Entrepreneurial Skills Rating Scale” (SESRS) developed by the researcher was used as an instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts and further tested for reliability using the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient test. The result showed an overall reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data was analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and a t-test to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 Alpha level of significance. The findings revealed that the respondents strongly agreed to planning and opportunity recognition as strategic entrepreneurial skills needed to combat youth restiveness. In addition, there is no significant difference in the mean score of male and female Business Educators on planning skills needed as entrepreneurial strategy; no significant difference in the mean score of Business Educators in urban and rural on strategic entrepreneurial opportunity recognition skills. It was recommended among others that agencies and persons concerned with planning curricula for entrepreneurship education and training should incorporate the teaching and learning of strategic planning and opportunities recognition in the curriculum.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0011/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Mediating effect of absorptive capacity on the relationship between knowledge sharing and entrepreneurial orientation and the moderating role of opportunity recognition

PurposeKnowledge sharing enables a firm’s absorptive capacity to reconfigure its dynamic capabilities to sense, track and recognise embryonic business opportunities. Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition triggers entrepreneurs to invest in and upgrade their knowledge practices to improve entrepreneurial performance. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity on entrepreneurial orientation as well as the moderating effect of opportunity recognition and the mediating effect of absorptive capacity.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative cross-sectional research design was applied to data from Algerian small and medium-sized enterprise managers in middle- to top-management positions. The final analysis using smart PLS included 246 respondents.FindingsKnowledge sharing positively influenced entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity. In addition, the findings reveal that entrepreneurial orientation positively influences entrepreneurial performance, and opportunity recognition strengthens the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance. Entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity have partial mediating effects.Practical implicationsThis study focuses on how firms create and share developed knowledge to enable absorptive capacity to fit a level of entrepreneurial orientation. This study validates the vital impact of opportunity recognition as a leading motivation for entrepreneurial orientation. The results highlight an important area of research and suggest that firms should focus on knowledge sharing to boost entrepreneurial outcomes.Originality/valueThe notions of entrepreneurship, absorptive capacity and knowledge sharing are extended by building on dynamic capability theory. Knowledge sharing increases absorptive capacity, which drives superior entrepreneurial orientation outcomes.

Identifying entrepreneurial opportunities during crises: a qualitative study of Italian firms

PurposeRecognizing novel entrepreneurial opportunities arising from a crisis is of paramount importance for firms. Hence, understanding the pivotal factors that facilitate firms in this endeavor holds significant value. This study delves into such factors within a representative empirical context impacted by a crisis, drawing insights from existing literature on opportunity recognition during such tumultuous periods.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a qualitative inspection of 14 Italian firms during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The authors collected a rich body of multi-source qualitative data, including 34 interviews (with senior managers and entrepreneurs) and secondary data (press releases, videos, web interviews, newspapers, reports and academic articles) in two phases (March–August 2020 and September–December 2020).FindingsThe results suggest the existence of a process model of opportunity recognition during crises based on five entrepreneurial influencing factors (entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial proclivity, entrepreneurial personality and entrepreneurial purpose).Originality/valueVarious scholars have highlighted that, in times of crises, it is not easy and indeed very challenging for entrepreneurs to identify novel entrepreneurial opportunities. However, recent research has shown that crises can also positively impact entrepreneurs and their capacity to identify new entrepreneurial opportunities. Given these findings, not much research has analyzed the process by which entrepreneurs identify novel entrepreneurial opportunities during crises. This study shows that some entrepreneurial influencing factors are very important to identify new entrepreneurial opportunities during crises.

The impact of education on the transition from university students to entrepreneurs: a theory of planned behaviour perspective

PurposeEntrepreneurship represents a complex decision-making process capable of influencing the conditions of a socio-economic system. For this reason, stimulating entrepreneurship is a topic that has always fascinated scholars and attracted the attention of public policy makers. This study, from the perspective of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), aims to contribute to the analysis of entrepreneurial intention (EI) in university students. Factors such as entrepreneurship education (EE), mediation of personal attitude (PA), perceived behavioural control (PBC), EI, regulatory support (RS) and opportunity recognition (OR) for university students.Design/methodology/approachResearch data was collected using a questionnaire, and a cross-sectional sample was selected from senior business and engineering students who are most likely to participate in entrepreneurial activities. The survey was conducted in the Delhi NCR region. 240 students were interviewed. Partial least square structural equation modelling using SmartPLS-4 was used to test the explanatory and predictive power of the proposed model.FindingsThe results of this study offer interesting contributions to the academic debate. First, EE has a significant impact on PA, PBC and entrepreneurial intentionality. Second, PBC, recognition of opportunities and EI have a significant impact on entrepreneurial education. Finally, PA and PBC significantly mediate the “entrepreneurial education – entrepreneurial intention” relationship.Originality/valueInteresting elements of originality are offered by this study. First, entrepreneurship is studied as a decision-making process influenced by intentions and not behaviours. Second, the authors limited the efforts to unraveling the effect of the five variables on the formation of EI. Finally, the large size of the sample allows the authors to obtain significant results, directing future studies to other territorial contexts. Additionally, incorporating some control variables, such as gender and family background, would explore the relationship between the model variables more meaningfully.

Regulatory Focus, Ambidextrous Learning, and Opportunity Recognition in New Product Development

This study focuses on individual managers’ ambidextrous learning and examines its psychological antecedents and consequences in the new product development (NPD) context. Specifically, drawing on the paradox theory and the regulatory focus theory, this study examines the relationship between regulatory focus (i.e., promotion focus and prevention focus), ambidextrous learning, and NPD opportunity recognition, from the individual ambidexterity perspective. Based on the survey data of 225 NPD managers in high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises in China, we find that NPD managers’ promotion focus and prevention focus, acting as an enabler and a deterrent respectively, affect their ambidextrous learning, which in turn facilitates opportunity recognition in the NPD process. Further analyses reveal that ambidextrous learning mediates the effects of promotion focus and prevention focus on opportunity recognition in the NPD. Our findings offer new insights on the individual ambidexterity research regarding the unique role of ambidextrous learning, manifested as actionable managerial capability. The findings offer novel insights on the role of NPD managers’ ambidextrous learning in the NPD process, and practical implications for NPD managers to self-regulate their behavior for the benefit of opportunity recognition.

Predictors of Digital Entrepreneurial Intention in Kuwait

Aim/Purpose: This study aims to explore students’ digital entrepreneurial intention (DEI) in Kuwait. Specifically, the aim is twofold: (i) to identify and examine the factors influencing and predicting students’ DEI, and (ii) to validate a model of DEI. Background: The advent of modern digital technologies has provided entrepreneurs with many opportunities to establish and expand their firms through online platforms. Although the existing literature on DEI has explored various factors, certain factors that could be linked to DEI have been neglected, and others have not been given sufficient attention. Nonetheless, there has been little research on students’ DEI, particularly in Kuwait. Methodology: To fulfill the research’s aims, a study was conducted using a quantitative method (a survey of 305 students at a non-profit university in Kuwait). Contribution: This study aimed to fill the research gap on the limited DEI research among Kuwait’s students. Several recommendations were suggested to improve the DEI among students in Kuwait. Findings: The study identified five factors that could influence an individual’s intention to engage in digital entrepreneurship. These factors include self-perceived creativity, social media use, risk-taking and opportunity recognition, digital entrepreneurship knowledge, and entrepreneurial self-perceived confidence. Significant solid correlations were between all five identified factors and DEI. However, only self-perceived creativity and entrepreneurial self-perceived confidence were identified as significant positive predictors of DEI among undergraduates in Kuwait. Nevertheless, the main contributor to this intention was the students’ self-perceived confidence as entrepreneurs. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should conduct further longitudinal studies to understand better the dynamic nature of DEI and execution. Future Research: Additional research is required to utilize probability sampling approaches and increase the sample size for more generalizable findings.

The impact of the COVID-19 fear on international opportunity recognition: the role of causation, effectuation and optimism

The impact of the COVID-19 fear on international opportunity recognition: the role of causation, effectuation and optimism